Planning for nursing

1. PLANNING
PREPARED BY : AHMED A ABO MALA

2. OBJECTIVES OF LECTURE :
1. The students will be able to understand the definition of
planning .
2. The students will be able to explain the planning
process.
3. The students will be able to mention the advantages of
planning .
4. The students will be able to mention the limitations of
planning .

3. COMPONENT :
1. Definition and Nature
1. Purpose or mission s.
2. Philosophy
3. Goals and objectives
4. Policies and procedures
5. Rules or regulation
2. Planning Process
3. ADVANTAGES
4. Limitations of planning
5. conclusion

4. DEFINITION AND NATURE:
• Planning can be defined as the process to determining is
advance the objectives to be accomplished and the means
by which these objectives are to be attained.
• Planning is the first function of management all other
management functions-organizing, staffing, directing, and
controlling – are dependent on planning. Planning is
largely conceptual, but the results of planning are clearly
visible.

5. DEFINITION AND NATURE:
• The nurse managers needs to be familiar with the decision
– making process and tools so that they can identify the
purpose of the institution state, the philosophy, define
goals and objectives, outline policies and procedures,
prepare budgets to implement the plans, and effectively
manage the time and that of the organization.

6. PLANNING PROCESS
1. The Purpose or mission statement .
2. Philosophy .
3. Goals and objectives .
4. Policies and procedures .
5. Rules or regulation .

7. PLANNING HIERARCHY
mission
statement
Philosophy
Goals and
objectives
Policies and procedures
Rules or regulation

8. THE PURPOSE OR MISSION STATEMENT:
• The purpose is a brief statement identifying the reason
that an organization exists as well as its future aim or
function.
• So, clarification of the purpose is the first priority for
planning, because it influences the development of an
organization’s philosophy, goals, objectives, policies,
procedures, and rules.
• Most nursing services exist to provide quality nursing
care to clients. Some also encourage teaching and
research.

9. EXAMPLE OF MISSION STATEMENT FOR HOSPITAL X
• Hospital X is a tertiary care facility and provides
comprehensive, holistic care to all state residents who
seek treatment, the purpose of Hospital X is to combine
high quality, holistic health care with the provision of
learning opportunities for students in medicine, nursing,
and allied health sciences. Research will be encouraged
as a means of identifying new treatment regimes and for
the promotion of high quality health care for generations
to come.

10. PHILOSOPHY
• The philosophy flows from the purpose, and it is a
statement of beliefs and values that direct one’s practice.
• It should be written, placed in appropriate documents, and
reviewed periodically.
• If the philosophy is stated in vague, abstract terms that
are not easily understood, it is useless.
• (‫مطابقة‬) conformity of action to belief is important.

11. EXAMPLE :
ORGANIZATIONAL PHILOSOPHY :
The board of directors, medical and nursing staff, and
administrators of Hospital X believe that human beings are
unique, due to differing genetic endowments, personal
experiences in social, and physical environments, and the
ability to adapt to biophysical, psychosocial, and spiritual
stressors. Thus, each client is considered to be a unique
individual, with unique needs. Identifying outcomes and
goals, setting priorities, prescribing strategy, options, and
selecting an optimal strategy will be negotiated by the client,
physician, and health care team.

12. CONT ……
As unique individuals, clients provide medical, nursing, and
allied health students invaluable diverse learning opportunities.
Because the board of directors, medical and nursing staff, and
administrators believe that the quality of health care provided
directly reflects the quality of the education of its future health
care providers, students are welcomed, and encouraged to seek
out as many learning opportunities as possible. Because high-
quality.
The organizational philosophy provides the basis for developing
nursing philosophies at the unit level and for nursing service as
a whole. The nursing service philosophy, in conjunction with the
organizational philosophy, needs to examine fundamental
beliefs about nursing and nursing care, and should draw upon
the concepts of holistic care, education, and research.

13. NURSING SERVICE PHILOSOPHY
• The concepts of holistic care, education, and research, as
well as the quality, quantity, and scope of nursing services
• The philosophy of nursing at hospital X is based upon
respect for the individual’s dignity and worth. We believe
all patients have the right to receive effective nursing care.
This care is a personal service that is based on patients
needs and their clinical disease or condition. Recognizing
the obligation of nursing to help restore patients to the
best possible state of physical, mental, and emotional
health, and to maintain patients sense of spiritual and
social well-being, we pledge intelligent cooperation in
coordinating nursing service with the medical and allied
professional practitioners.

14. CONT……
• Understanding the importance of research and teaching
for improving patient care, the nursing department will
support, promote, and participate in these activities. Using
knowledge of human behavior, we shall strive for mutual
trust and understanding between nursing service and
nursing employees to provide an atmosphere for
developing the fullest possible potential of each individual
member of the nursing team. We believe that nursing
personnel are individually accountable to patients and
their families for the quality and compassion of the patient
care rendered and for upholding the standards of care as
delineated by the nursing staff.

15. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:
• Goals and objectives state actions for achieving the
purpose and philosophy.
• All philosophies must be translated into specific goals and
objectives if they are to result in action.
• Thus goals and objectives “Operationalize” the
philosophy.
• A GOAL may be defined as the desired result toward
which effort is directed, it is the aim of the philosophy.

16. GOALS AND OBJECTIVES:
• Goals, although somewhat global in nature, should be
specific enough to clearly delineate the desired end-
product and should be measurable and realistic.
• Goals may be change over time, therefore they require
periodic reevaluation and prioritization.

17. THE FOLLOWING ARE SAMPLE GOAL
STATEMENTS:
• All nursing staff will develop recognition of patient’s need for
independence and right for privacy and will assess patient’s
level of readiness to learn in relationship to their illness.
• The nursing staff will provide effective patient care relative to
patient needs in so far as the hospital and community
facilities permit through the use of care plans, individual
patient care and discharge planning, including follow-up
contact.
• An ongoing effort will be made to create an atmosphere
conducive to favorable patient and employee morale and
which fosters personal growth.
• The performance of all employees in nursing department will
be evaluated in a manner that produces growth in the
employee and upgrades nursing standards.
• All nursing units within Hospital X will work cooperatively
with other departments within the hospital to further the
mission, philosophy and goals of the institution.

18. OBJECTIVES
OBJECTIVES : are more specific and measurable than goals
because they identify “how” and “when” the goal is to be
accomplished.
• So, they motivate individuals to a specific end, and are
explicit, measurable, observable, and obtainable.
• Goals usually have multiple objectives that are each
accompanied by a targeted completion date.

19. WRITING GOOD OBJECTIVES REQUIRES TIME
AND PRACTICE :
• The following format is suggested in writhing clear
objectives :
1. Who – will do the work.
2. Write the word “to” followed by an action verb.
3. Write a single key result to be achieved.
4. Write the word “by” and state the target date for
accomplishment.
5. Write the maximum cost in terms of money or time.

20. :EXAMPLE
• If one of Hospital Z’s goals was “All registered
nurses will be proficient in the administration of
intravenous fluids.” Then objectives for Hospital
Z might include the following:
• All registered nurses will complete Hospital Z’s course “IV
therapy certification” within one month of beginning
employment. The hospital will bear the cost of this
program.
• Registered nurses scoring less than 70 percent on a
comprehensive examination in “IV therapy certification”
must attend the remedial four-hour course “review of
Basic IV Principles” not more than two weeks after the
completion of “IV Therapy Certification”.

21. CONT …..
• Registered nurses unable to achieve a score of 70 percent
or better on the comprehensive examination for “IV
therapy certification” after completing “Review of Basic IV
principles” will not be allowed to perform IV therapy on
patients. An individualized plan will be established by the
unit manager and the employee who failed the
examination.

22. POLICIES AND PROCEDURES:
• Policies and procedures are means for accomplishing
goals and objectives.
• When policies are written, the purpose, philosophy, goals,
and objectives should serve as guides.
• It can be defined as “broad general statements of
expected actions that serve as guides to managerial
decision making or to supervising the actions of
subordinates”.
• Thus, policies direct individual behavior toward the
organization’s mission and define broad limits and desired
outcomes of commonly recurring situations.

23. CONT……
• Policies serve as a basis for future decisions and actions,
help coordinate plans, control performance, and increase
consistency of action by increasing the probability that
different managers will make similar decisions when
independently facing similar situations.
• Morale is increased when personnel perceive that they are
being treated equally.
• Fairness is an important ch.ch. that is attributed to the
application of the policy.

24. POLICIES
POLICIES are of no use if no one knows of their existence.
Oral communication is appropriate to introduce and explain
new policies.
It is appropriate to send a letter of purpose and a copy of
policies to personnel affected by them.
Policy formation is a continuous process so the policy is
continually reappraised and restated as necessary.
Examples:
• annual leave, sick leave, leave without pay.

25. RULES OR REGULATION:
Generally included as part of policy and procedure
statements.

26. ADVANTAGES
Planning facilitates management by objectives
Planning minimizes uncertainties ( ‫الشكوك‬ )
Planning facilitates coordination
Planning helps in achieving economies
Planning facilitates controlling
Planning provides competitive edge (‫التنافس‬)
Planning encourages innovations (‫االبتكارات‬)

27. LIMITATIONS OF
PLANNING :
1. Costly process
2. Time consuming
3. False sense of security
4. Rapid Change
5. Lack of ability to plan
6. Environmental constraints

28. CONCLUSION
• Planning is the key element in nursing that gives it
direction, cohesion, and thrust
• It causes all nursing personnel to focus on goals and
objectives and stimulates their motivation
• Through the planning process, nurse managers select
and retain the elements of the past and present plans that
work. They focus on the future, and they implement and
evaluate
• Through planning they successfully manage nursing
personnel and material resources to achieve the objective
of the nursing enterprise