Energy, Environment & Sustainable development, talking about the construction history in both Russia and Ethiopia. About the current problems of the modern construction style, some effective suggestions and proposals to solve the issues regarding many aspects of sustainability (Social, economical and environmental)

1. RUSSIA & ETHIOPIABuildings’ Past, Present and Future
Anastasiia, Ahmad, Netsanet, Shabani
University of Oslo, 2016

2. When earth was
sustainable
Before the most
dangerous creator
came……
Human
”There’s no such thing as a
sustainable city” –Chris B …..

3. TODAY OUTLINE
▪ History of Buildings in Russia and Ethiopia
▪ The Current situation
▪ Challenges
▪ Proposals for more sustainable future
▪ Conclusion and personal views

4. RUSSIA
• Population: 164 millions
• Very urbanized: 73% Russian live in cities
• Very centralized: 78% of Russian live in 25% of the land
• The dominance climate is the humid continental climate in
most of the populated places
(2)
(1)
(3)

5. HISTORY OF BUILDING
▪ The primary building materials
limestone blocks (5)fieldstone blocks (4) Wood (6)

6. HISTORY OF BUILDINGS IN RUSSIA
Old buildings “Stalinka” “Khrushchyovka
”
“Leningradka” “Putinka”
End of XIX - 1940 1956-19851935-1960 1970- late 90s Since late 90s
(5)

7. ETHIOPIA
• Area of 1.12 million KM2, more than whole Scandinavia
• Population of 100 millions
• Most populated landlocked in the whole world
• The only African never been colonized
• The oldest nation , you are all Ethiopians
• Agriculture is the major revenue generator
(1)
(5)

8. History of Buildings in Ethiopia
Vernacular Architecture:

9. Construction method
simple geometrical shapes, mixture of stone, straw and timber

10. Its Vernacular Architecture and Sustainability
Scenario 1: KONSO CULTURAL LANDSCAPE
One of the Nine World Heritage Sites in Ethiopia inscribes
by UNESCO in 2011.The site features 55km2 arid property of stone walled terraces and
strong settlements in the Konso highlands of Southern part of Ethiopia.

11. Its Vernacular Architecture and Life style
Cultural Tradition and strong Interaction within the people and the
environment.

12. HISTORY OF BUILDINGS IN ETHIOPIA
Economy
Structure and
Materials used

13. SUGGESTION
SOLUTIONS
• Improve social services in rural areas to
encourage young people to stay there
• Increase land survey in urban
• Rain water harvest from buildings
• The use of local materials e.g soil bricks
and stones
• Reduce land lease to suit local people
• Updates the codes is required
• Community participation is a key for
solving social problems(micro markets
old)
CHALLENGES
• Rural urban migration due to the poor
social services,
• Increase of slums in cities
• Water supply problems in cities
• Highly depend on importation of
building materials
• Land lease in Towns is in rise
• The building codes are outdated;
• Social issues are not being taking into
account;

14. RAPID URBANIZATION, CONCRETE
WITH NO PLANNING
• Improve social services in rural areas to
encourage young people to stay there
SocialSocial
More solar panels installation :Can be used to
pump water for irrigation
NATURAL & SUSTAINABLE
LOW-COST HOUSING
Low cost :Natural material ,Stone, timber,
Adobe blocks, Cement Stabilized Soil
Blocks (CSSB) (ground housing project)
EconomicEconomic
environ
ment
environ
ment
Construction sector attained a 23.7% annual growth
in 2014
Apartment value decrease with the height (people
hate high levels)

15. SMART DESIGN
• Respect the architecture and the culture of Ethiopia,
sustainability was always apart of the buildings
• Design Aspects: Natural lighting and ventilation
• Urban integration with nature
DUBAI FEVER (GLASS &STEEL)
HIGH RISE BUILDINGS
• Many imported materials, no respect to
the nature, the weather or the culture

16. ADVANTAGES
• Prefabricated constructions
• District (centralized) heating
• Affordable housing in the past
• Minimalistic lifestyle
CHALLENGES
• Wasteful heat energy consumption attitude
• Poor thermal insulation;
• Corrupted construction sector – low quality
and material losses ;
• Violations of building codes;
• The building codes are outdated;
• Old pipes for potable and heating water;
• Environmental and social issues are not
being taking into account nowadays.
• Very urbanized

17. RISE PRICES & EDUCATE
• Increase prices as an
economical incentive.
• Educating people in TV and
enforce education material for
best usage of buildings
(Europe)
• Renovation Each owner should
has enough motivation to
improve the insulation
Wasteful heat energy consumption attitude
(7)
(8)
Poor thermal insulation;
HEAT ENERGY
(5)

18. UPDATE &
ACCOUNTABILITY
• Update old codes with regulation and
mindset toward sustainability
• Without monitoring it will be less
efficient
• Real monitoring systems ( anti-
corruption plan)
• Accountability to Prevent Corruption
in Construction Projects
• framework i) awareness raising (ii)
strengthening professional institutions
(iii) prevention of corruption and (iv)
enforcement and monitoring
measures
BUILDING CODES
&
CORRUPTION
• construction than in any other sector of
the economy
• Codes out of date

19. PROGRESS IN RUSSIA
Voluntary green building certification
systems LEED and BREEAM were
introduced on Russian market.
For example, In 2013, LEED certified
project in St. Petersburg, Russia, since
then fifth” LEED-certified project”
has been certified in all of Russia

20. SUSTAINABILITY IN RUSSIA
▪ RuGB The Russian Green Building Council is dedicated to accelerating
development and adoption of market-based green building practices. RuGBC
is a member of the World Green Building Council - the world's largest Green
Building movement.
▪ The Council achieves these aims through:
▪ Setting standards of best practice through the adaptation of benchmarks and
internationally accepted rating tools for the Russian market (e.g. BREEAM and
LEED).
▪ Education and training for all segments of the building industry value chain.
▪ Facilitating our members to actively lead the market.
▪ Providing our members with networking opportunities.

21. REFERENCES
1- Google.com. (2016). Google. [online] Available at: http://www.google.com [Accessed 30 Jul. 2016].
2- The Calvert Journal. (2016). The Calvert Journal — A guide to the New East. [online] Available at:
http://calvertjournal.com [Accessed 30 Jul. 2016].
3- RT International. (2016). RT. [online] Available at: http://rt.com [Accessed 30 Jul. 2016].
4-Library.ndsu.edu. (2016). NDSU Libraries. [online] Available at: http://library.ndsu.edu [Accessed 30 Jul. 2016].
5-Wikipedia.org. (2016). Wikipedia. [online] Available at: https://www.wikipedia.org/ [Accessed 30 Jul. 2016].
6-Wilkinson, T. and Astbury, J. (2016). The Architectural Review. [online] Architectural-review.com. Available at:
http://www.architectural-review.com [Accessed 30 Jul. 2016].
7-Bashmakov, Igor. "Resource of energy efficiency in Russia: scale, costs, and benefits." Energy Efficiency 2.4 (2009):
369-386.
8- Koshman, Olga, and Olga Ulyanova. "Attitudes towards domestic energy efficiency among Russian consumers:
factors influencing behaviour". (2014).
9- http://aigaforum.com/articles/Ethiopia_the_cradle.htm [Accessed 28 Jul. 2016].