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Socio-economic factors
influencing position of women in
fruits and vegetables value
chains, Tanzania
Swamila M., Mpanda M.,
Kimaro A. & Temu A.
Introduction
• Women are increasingly participating in
horticultural value chains.
• In developing countries, women provide 90%
of the labor for the production of horticultural
crops.
• However, women concentrate in less
profitable early value chains positions.
Introduction
• There is decreasing trend of women
participation along horticulture value chains
towards higher levels
• As horticultural products gets closer to sale at
market women’s involvement tends to
diminish
Justification of the study
• There is a need to understand factors
influencing position and low level
participation trend of women in FVVC
• This will lead to designing appropriate
interventions to empower women to attain
higher levels in FVVC and consequently
improve smallholder livelihoods and alleviate
poverty
Objectives of the study
• Identifying socio-economic factors
influencing position of women along fruits
and vegetables value chains in coastal
region of Tanzania
• Identifying and describing activities done
by women in FVVC
• Determining profit earned by women
relatively to men in FVVC
Hypotheses
• Socio-economic factors such as education
level, marital status, income level, marital
status, membership in farmers association
have no significance in influencing positioning
of women in FVVC
• There is no significance difference in income
earned between women and men from fruits
and vegetables business
Methods
About the study site
• Coast region with a population of 1,098,668
is one of 25 administrative areas of Tanzania
• It is located closer to the major city of Dar es
Salaam, hence very close to the growing
potential markets
• Fruits and vegetables accounts for more than
45% of the cash crops in the Coastal region
Sampling and data collection
• Purposive and simple random sampling
techniques were used for selection of the
representative samples from the
population.
• 250 respondents were administered with
questionnaire survey in Chalinze and
Kiwangwa in the Coast region.
Data analysis
• Descriptive analysis- compute frequencies,
mean and percentage
• Logistic regression: Identifying socio-
economic factors influencing position of
women in fruits and vegetables value chains
• t- test- testing significance difference in
income earned between women and men
from fruits and vegetables
Results
Factors influencing position of women in fruits
and vegetables value chains
Variable Coefficients Standard
Error
Significance Marginal Effect
(dy/dx)
Education level 0.3142 1.2 052 0.015 0.00718
Marital status -1.3474 1.205 163 0.264 -0.048807
Income 6.82e-07 5.01e-07 0.173 1.56e-08
Position in
household
-2.3302 1.1 103 0.036 -0.1469684
Land ownership -0.2753 0.395 304 0.486 0.0062929
Access to market
information
-2.1547 1.278858 0.092 -0.045588
Membership in
farmers’
associations
3.0007 1.234134 0.015 0.1673521
Participation in production activities
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Land preparation Planting Weeding Fertilizer application Harvesting
Both Women Men Not practiced
Participation in value addition
activities
Income difference between men and women
from fruits and vegetables business
Income Women Men
Mean 68 766.08 252 647.32
Std. Deviation 139 864.95 428 796.70
Minimum 4 166.67 8 500
Maximum 1 245 166.67 3 216 666.67
Conclusion
• The level of education, membership in
farmers association and heading household
are key socio-economic factors influencing
position of women in fruits and vegetables value
chains.
• Both men and women participate in production
activities BUT men are leading in transporting
fruits and vegetables to major town markets
• Women earn relatively low income than men
from fruits and vegetables
Recommendations
• We recommend empowering of women in
terms of education and skills (eg business and
entrepreneurship skills) and promote their
membership in farmers’ association to uplift
them in higher level positions in FVVC
Thanks for listening

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Session 3.4 factors influencing position of women in fruit & vegetable value chains

  • 1. Socio-economic factors influencing position of women in fruits and vegetables value chains, Tanzania Swamila M., Mpanda M., Kimaro A. & Temu A.
  • 2. Introduction • Women are increasingly participating in horticultural value chains. • In developing countries, women provide 90% of the labor for the production of horticultural crops. • However, women concentrate in less profitable early value chains positions.
  • 3. Introduction • There is decreasing trend of women participation along horticulture value chains towards higher levels • As horticultural products gets closer to sale at market women’s involvement tends to diminish
  • 4. Justification of the study • There is a need to understand factors influencing position and low level participation trend of women in FVVC • This will lead to designing appropriate interventions to empower women to attain higher levels in FVVC and consequently improve smallholder livelihoods and alleviate poverty
  • 5. Objectives of the study • Identifying socio-economic factors influencing position of women along fruits and vegetables value chains in coastal region of Tanzania • Identifying and describing activities done by women in FVVC • Determining profit earned by women relatively to men in FVVC
  • 6. Hypotheses • Socio-economic factors such as education level, marital status, income level, marital status, membership in farmers association have no significance in influencing positioning of women in FVVC • There is no significance difference in income earned between women and men from fruits and vegetables business
  • 7. Methods About the study site • Coast region with a population of 1,098,668 is one of 25 administrative areas of Tanzania • It is located closer to the major city of Dar es Salaam, hence very close to the growing potential markets • Fruits and vegetables accounts for more than 45% of the cash crops in the Coastal region
  • 8. Sampling and data collection • Purposive and simple random sampling techniques were used for selection of the representative samples from the population. • 250 respondents were administered with questionnaire survey in Chalinze and Kiwangwa in the Coast region.
  • 9. Data analysis • Descriptive analysis- compute frequencies, mean and percentage • Logistic regression: Identifying socio- economic factors influencing position of women in fruits and vegetables value chains • t- test- testing significance difference in income earned between women and men from fruits and vegetables
  • 10. Results Factors influencing position of women in fruits and vegetables value chains Variable Coefficients Standard Error Significance Marginal Effect (dy/dx) Education level 0.3142 1.2 052 0.015 0.00718 Marital status -1.3474 1.205 163 0.264 -0.048807 Income 6.82e-07 5.01e-07 0.173 1.56e-08 Position in household -2.3302 1.1 103 0.036 -0.1469684 Land ownership -0.2753 0.395 304 0.486 0.0062929 Access to market information -2.1547 1.278858 0.092 -0.045588 Membership in farmers’ associations 3.0007 1.234134 0.015 0.1673521
  • 11. Participation in production activities 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Land preparation Planting Weeding Fertilizer application Harvesting Both Women Men Not practiced
  • 12. Participation in value addition activities
  • 13. Income difference between men and women from fruits and vegetables business Income Women Men Mean 68 766.08 252 647.32 Std. Deviation 139 864.95 428 796.70 Minimum 4 166.67 8 500 Maximum 1 245 166.67 3 216 666.67
  • 14. Conclusion • The level of education, membership in farmers association and heading household are key socio-economic factors influencing position of women in fruits and vegetables value chains. • Both men and women participate in production activities BUT men are leading in transporting fruits and vegetables to major town markets • Women earn relatively low income than men from fruits and vegetables
  • 15. Recommendations • We recommend empowering of women in terms of education and skills (eg business and entrepreneurship skills) and promote their membership in farmers’ association to uplift them in higher level positions in FVVC