Adjectives are words that describe or modify nouns. There are several types of adjectives: descriptive adjectives describe qualities like size, color, shape; numeral adjectives indicate numbers; quantitative adjectives indicate amounts; demonstrative adjectives point out objects; distributive adjectives indicate objects separately; and proper adjectives describe proper nouns. Adjectives also have degrees of comparison - positive, comparative, and superlative - to compare objects.
2. What is an adjective?
Adjective is a kind of word that modifies a noun.
Noun are words that name a place, person, thing, or
idea. An adjective is word that gives more
information about the noun that goes with it.
3. Types of adjective
1. Descriptive adjective
This adjective describes sound, shape, number, color,
weather, texture, and size.
Sound : quite, loud
Shape : rectangle, circle, narrow
Number : one, ten, twenty
Color : black, green, blue
Weather : sunny, cloudy, rainy
Texture : rough, smooth
Size : small, long, large
Examples : - The weather of today is sunny.
- There is a small bag.
4. 2. Numeral adjective
This adjective describes the number of objects with exact number. Divided
in two parts:
a. Definite numeral Example
Cardinal number 1 = one
10 = ten
100 = one hundred
1000 = one thousand
Ordinal number 1st = first
2nd = second
23rd = twenty-third
Eva is my first daughter.
Multiplicative - One only, Single
- Double
- Threefold, triple
- Fivefold
There will be a threefold increase in the
number of cases booked from now till the
year end, if we look at the number of cases
booked till now.
Fractions - Vulgar fractions
½ a/ one half
¼ a/ one fourth, a quarter
A camel can lose up to a quarter of its body
weight without impairing its normal
functions.
- Decimal fractions
0.5 (nought) point five
19.14 nineteen point one four
The earthquake in Thailand is 5.6 SR.
5. b. Indefinite numeral
Denote the number of object which is not known exactly.
There are various ways to overcome this situation.
Many, several, some, any, etc.
Example: - Do you still have any books?
3. Quantitative adjective
This adjective indicates how much of a thing is meant.
many, much, a lot of, few, some, etc.
Examples: - I don’t have many books.
- I have a few pencils in my bag.
- Billy doesn’t drink much coffee.
6. 4. Demonstrative adjective
To show the object is meant. Divided in two parts:
1. Definite demonstrative adjective
point out some particular objects.
This, that, these, those
Examples : - This is my book. - These pencils are mine.
- That house is mine. - Those cars is his.
2. Indefinite demonstrative adjective
Do not point out any particular object.
A/an, another, other, any other
Examples : - Another teacher will teach us.
- Other teachers will come here tomorrow.
7. 5. Distributive adjective
This adjective point out that the objects named are to be taken
separately.
Each, every, either, neither.
Examples:
- Each soldier has a gun.
- Either you or Lena can eat this apple.
6. Proper adjective
This adjective describes proper noun. Nations, regions, and
religions. Begin with capital letter.
Indonesia - Indonesian
Korea – Korean
Example: - Dino can speak Korean well, but he is not from Korea.
8. The degrees of comparison
1. Positive degree
This was used to comparing two objects or person
in the same.
Pattern: As + adjective + as
He is as clever as my sister.
No less + adjective + than
This boy is no less tall than girl.
Not more + adjective + than
Rina is not more honest than I.
9. 2. Comparative degree
This was used to comparing two objects or person in
different.
Pattern:
3. Superlative degree
This was used to comparing the three objects or
more.
Pattern:
S + to be + (adjective + er/more + adjective) + than …
Farah is younger than Mira.
My house is more colorful than her house.
S + to be + (the most + adjective /adjective + est) + of/in
She is the funniest of all the girls.
Rino is the most handsome boy in my class.
10. Bibliography
Junaida, Suryadi. 2006. Complete English Grammar.
Pustaka Pelajar. 82-126.
Harry, Rudy. 2015. English Grammar Complete
Edition. Mahirsindo Utama.106-142.
