Personalized Medicine for individuals based on their unique body make-up and other specific body markers is promised behind tailoring of therapy for various problems. Recent advancement in the field of diagnostic, bio-markers and genomics have made personalized or individualized medicine a reality. The ultimate objective of personalized therapy is to provide right therapeutic modality to the right person at right time to minimized therapy time and maximized therapy output.
2. “It’s far more important to know what person
the disease has than what disease the person
has.”
Hippocrates (ca. 400 BCE)
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3. Human Variation…
…People vary from each other in many ways
The person Many of these variations play a role in health and disease
types and amount of
stress they experience
exposure to
environmental factors
their DNA
what they eat
3
8. … about making the
treatment as
individualized as the
disease.
… the ability to predict an
individual's susceptibility
to diseases.
… a young but rapidly
advancing field.
… the use of new
methods of molecular
analysis.
is…
Personalized Medicine…
8
11. allows
predictions to be made
about a person's
susceptibility of
genetic info genomic info clinical info
developing disease course of disease its response to treatment
How Personalized Medicine Works…?
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Personalized medicine recognizes that individual patients may react in very 10different ways to the same treatment given for the same problem. The goal is to tailor therapies based on a patients DNA profile
Safer and more effective drug
Faster time to cure
Less expensive
But PM is not "genetic medicine"! Genetics, a field more than 50 years old, is the study of heredity. It examines individual genes and their effects as they relate to biology and medicine. In PM we study DNA polymorphisms
Most disease, trauma, and infectious pathologies are consequences of cellular damage at differing levels. The key to the mitigating cell and/or tissue damage repair needs cell therapy. Stem cell therapy is a promising treatment that can be tailored not only to an illness but also to an individual patient. The potential of stem cell therapy includes a futuristic personalized “medication” in the event of tissue damage secondary to surgeries, toxins, trauma, aging, complications from medication, autoimmune disease, and numerous other problems limited by current medicine. Autologous cell sources are the first priority for cell therapy since they are safe, do not violate ethical perspectives and do not provoke immunogenic responses. Among the various autologous cell sources, induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) show great potential for cell therapy application. In addition to directly treating patient tissue, iPSCs are also inducible into specialized disease cells for quick, easy, and personalized drug testing and dose selecting.
Stem cell drugs in regenerative medicine. Stem cell drugs are new members of stem cell therapy, personalized medicine and regenerative medicine. The development of stem cell drugs have impacted and advanced the stem cell industry as well as the pharmaceutical industry.
In the last decade, personalized medicine has gained a lot of traction and has pushed the limits of what we can do clinically. The first generation of personalized medicine employed individual analysis of a patient’s unique biology to select more efficacious diagnostic methods and/or suggest clinical treatments. The focus was on identifying genetic factors to assist with selecting treatments, personalizing screens or diagnoses, and honing detection of potential diseases. Currently, these applications offer routine clinical services for patients. Subsequently, personalized medicine has progressed into fields such as gene therapy, cancer treatment, and surgical treatment/design. However, the true potential of personalized medicine, extending well beyond these current applications, waits to be fully realized.
Applications of stem cells in personalized medicine. Stem cells can be used in personalized medicine in various settings, including disease modelling for drug screening or evaluation, stem cell gene therapy for gene correction, and stem cell therapeutic transplantation.