4. Topics Covered
• What is Nanotechnology?
• Nanotechnology in Agriculture
• Nanotechnology in Animal Husbandry
• Nanotechnology in Food Technology.
• Challenges and future
• Conclusion
• References
5. What is Nanotechnology?
• Nanotechnology is the art and science of
manipulating matter at the nanoscale to create
new and unique materials and products… with
enormous potential to change society.
• 1 nanometer(nm) = 10⁻⁹ metre.
• Nanotechnology has been used in many fields of
science like physics, chemistry, pharmaceutical
science, material science, medicine and
agriculture.
6.
7. Nanotechnology in Agriculture
• Agriculture provides food for humans, directly
and indirectly. Given the increasing world
population, it is necessary to use the modern
technologies such as bio and
nanotechnologies in future sciences.
• Nanotechnology has many applications in all
stages of production, processing, packaging
and transport of agricultural products.
8. Nanotechnology will revolutionize agriculture industry by
novation new techniques such as:
1.Precision farming techniques
2.Enhancing the ability of plants to absorb nutrients
3.More efficient and targeted use of inputs
4.Disease detection and control diseases
5.Withstand environmental pressures and effective
systems for processing
6. Storage and packaging.
7. In irrigation and water filtration.
9. Biosynthesis of nanoparticles and their use in
agriculture
• Many chemical methods are available for synthesis of
nanoparticles,which use toxic chemicals so the need of the
hour is to use environmentally benign, greener and
ecofriendly routes.
• Researchers are looking forward for various biological entities
like bacteria, fungi, higher plants, actinomycetes and viruses
for nanoparticles synthesis as they can also reduce the salts to
corresponding nanoparticles.
• Different biological sources have been used for the synthesis
of nanoparticles and are being used in agriculture for
precision farming.
• Some of them are as follows: silver nanoparticles, zinc oxide
nanoparticles, titanium dioxide nanoparticles.
11. Precision Farming
• The process of maximizing crop yields and minimizing the
usage of pesticides, fertilizers, and herbicides through
efficient monitoring procedures is referred to as precision
farming.
• Precision farming utilizes remote sensing devices,
computers and global satellite positioning systems to
analyze various environmental conditions in order to
determine the growth of plants under these conditions and
identify problems related to crops and their growing
environments.
• Precision farming helps determine plant development, soil
conditions, usage of water and chemicals, fertilizers and
seeding and controls environmental pollution to a
minimum extent by reducing agricultural waste.
16. NanoFertilizers
• Nano fertilizers are synthesized or modified form of traditional
fertilizers, fertilizers bulk materials or extracted from different
vegetative or reproductive parts of the plant by different chemical,
physical, mechanical or biological methods with the help of
nanotechnology used to improve soil fertility, productivity and
quality of agricultural produces.
• Nano fertilizer have large surface area and particle size less than the
pore size of root and leaves of the plant which can increase
penetration into the plant from applied surface and improve uptake
and nutrient use efficiency of the nano-fertilizers.
• Application of zinc and iron on the plant increase total
carbohydrate, starch, IAA, chlorophyll and protein content in the
grain . Nano-Fe2O3 increase photosynthesis and growth of the
peanut plant .
17.
18. Insecticides using Nanotechnology
• Application of nanotechnology in crop protection holds a significant
promise in management of insects and pathogens,by controlled and
targeted delivery of agrochemicals.
• Nanoparticles, nanoemulsions, nano suspensions and nanocapsules
have wider use as insecticides, insect repellents, herbicides and
antifouling agents. The insecticidalproperties has been well studied
on stored grain insects.
• Induced resistance in plants, due to application of silica,against
many herbivorous arthropods has been well documented.
• Nanotechnology has promising application in nanoparticle
mediated gene transfer. It can be used to deliver DNA and other
desired chemicals into plant tissues for protection of host plants
against insect pests .
19. Continue….
• Nano-silica that is prepared from silica can be
used as nano-pesticide.
• Insects use a diversity of lipids on their cuticle for
the protection of water obstruction on their
bodies thus preventing the death from dryness.
• This mechanism of insect protection is used by
the nano-silica that becomes absorbed into the
lipids of cuticle by physiosorption thus causing
insect death solely by physical ways when this
pesticide is applied on the surfaces of leaves and
stem.
23. Nanotechnology in Animal Husbandary
• At this nano scale, the physical, chemical and
biological properties of materials differ
fundamentally and often unexpectedly
integrated sensing, monitoring and controlling
system could detect the presence of disease
and notify the farmer and veterinarian to
activate a targeted treatment delivery system.
24.
25. Nanotechnology in Food technology
• The food industry is the largest manufacturing sector in the world,
with an annual turnover approximating US $4 trillion.
• But it presents a very different innovation scenario than the
chemical and pharma industries do, and introducing new processing
technologies (e.g., high hydrostatic pressure [HHP] technology, -
ohmic heating, irradiation) has been challenging.
• Globally, a large proportion of foods are consumed after only
minimal processing (e.g., fresh fruits, vegetables, nuts, some
cereals) and with high post-harvest losses (particularly with fruits
and vegetables).
• In most places worldwide, particularly in urban centers, food is
abundant and relatively cheap. Moreover, except for large
multinationals, most food companies are relatively low-tech,
small/medium enterprises (SMEs) where traditional technologies
are geared to local tastes and traditions.
26.
27. Food Processing
• Food processing is the conversion of raw ingredients into food and its
other forms by making it marketable and with long shelf life.
• Processing includes toxin removal, prevention from pathogens,
preservation ,improving the consistency of foods for better marketing and
distribution.
• Processed foods are usually less susceptible to early spoilage than fresh
foods and are better suited for long distance transportation from the
source to the consumer.
• All these are made more effective by the incorporation of the
nanotechnology nowadays .Nano capsules delivery systems plays an
important role in processing sector and the functional property are
maintained by encapsulating simple solutions, colloids, emulsions,
biopolymers and others into foods .
• Nano sized self assembled structural lipids serves as a liquid carrier of
healthy components that are insoluble in water and fats called as
nanodrops.
• They are used to inhibit transportation of cholesterol from the digestive
system into the bloodstream..
28. Food Packaging
• Food packaging for food requires protection, tampering
resistance, and special physical, chemical, or biological
needs.
• It also shows the product that is labelled to show any
nutrition information on the food being consumed. The
packing has a great significance in preserving the food
to make it marketable.
• Innovations in packaging have lead to quality packing
and consumer friendly approach in determining the
shelf life,biodegradable packing and many more.
• Nanotechnology in packaging is categorized based on
the purpose of the application.
29. Smart Packaging
• Sensors are devices used to detect the physical quantity of substances and
converts into observer readable signals. They are used to regulate the
internal environment of the food stuffs and their properties are sensed
regularly which is indicated by sensors.
• The food environment is continuously sensed for oxygen content,
temperature, pathogens and indicators are used for proper alarming. They
also show the shelf life of the products with the help of the nanosensors.
• Some examples include gold nano particle incorporated enzymes for
microbes detection, gas sensing related to condition of food products :
nanofibrils of perylene-based fluorophores indicates fish and meat
spoilage by detecting gaseous amines. Others include zinc oxide and
titanium oxide nanocomposites for the detection ofvolatile organic
compounds.
• Nanobarcodes are used for tagging and also for security . Thus the use of
smart sensors is beneficial to the consumers in terms of better quality
identification and producers for rapid distribution and authentication of
the food products.
30. Conclusion…
• Nanotechnology has shown great potential in precision agriculture.
• Nanoparticles with unique properties can be easily synthesized
from different biological sources and can be applied in agriculture.
• Among biological sources, plant extracts (leaves, flower, stem,
roots) from diverse range of plant species have been successfully
used in synthesizing nanoparticles.
• Nanoparticles have a great potential as ‘magic bullets’ loaded with
herbicides, fungicides, nutrients, fertilizers or nucleic acids and
targeting specific plant tissues to release their charge to desired
part of plant to achieve the desired results.
• Biotechnological advances and the rapid and more precise
diagnosis tools with use of nanomaterials have a great and
promising future for the modern agriculture practices like precision
delivery of nutrients and fertilizers and disease diagnosis at an early
stage.
31. References…
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