1. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS &
MITIGATION
BY :- ADITYA JAIN
ROLL NO :- A-04

2. So, What Actually a Disaster is?
 A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that cause damage, ecological disruption, loss
of human life, deterioration of health and health services on a scale, sufficient to warrant an
extraordinary response from outside the affected community or area
 Examples:- Earthquake , Terrorism, Avalanche etc.

3. Types of Disaster
 Natural Disaster:-
 A natural disaster is a major adverse event resulting from natural processes of the Earth. A natural disaster can
cause loss of life or property damage, and typically leaves some economic damage in its wake
 Examples:- Earthquake, Floods, Avalanche, Drought, Landslides, Tsunami etc.

4. Type of Disaster
 Manmade Disaster:- (Anthropogenic disaster)
 Anthropogenic disaster are those hazards caused directly or indirectly by human
action or inaction. They can be contrasted with natural hazards Anthropogenic
hazards may adversely affect humans, other organisms and biomes and eco-
systems.
 Examples:- Criminality, Civil disorder, Terrorism, War, Engineering Hazards.

5. Landslides:
 A landslide, also known as a landslip,
is a form of mass wasting that
includes a wide range of ground
movements, such as rockfalls, deep
failure of slopes, and shallow debris
flows. Landslides can occur in
underwater, called a submarine
landslide, coastal and onshore
environments. Although the action of
gravity is the primary driving force
for a landslide to occur, there are
other contributing factors affecting
the original slope stability.

6. Avalanches:
 An avalanche (also called a snowslide or
snowslip) is a rapid flow of snow down a sloping
surface. Avalanches are typically triggered in a
starting zone from a mechanical failure in the
snowpack (slab avalanche) when the forces on
the snow exceed its strength but sometimes
only with gradually widening (loose snow
avalanche). After initiation, avalanches usually
accelerate rapidly and grow in mass and
volume as they entrain more snow. If the
avalanche moves fast enough some of the snow
may mix with the air forming a powder snow
avalanche, which is a type of gravity current.
 Slides of rocks or debris, behaving in a similar
way to snow, are also referred to as avalanches .

7. Sinkholes:
 When natural erosion or human
mining makes the ground too weak
to support the structures built on it,
the ground can collapse and produce
a sinkhole. For example, the 2010
Guatemala City sinkhole which killed
fifteen people was caused when
heavy rain from Tropical Storm
Agatha, diverted by leaking pipes
into a pumice bedrock, led to the
sudden collapse of the ground
beneath a factory building.

8. Volcanic Eruption:
 Volcanoes can cause
widespread destruction
and consequent
disaster in several ways.
The effects include the
volcanic eruption itself
that may cause harmful
explosion of the
volcano or the fall of
rock.

10. Earthquake:
 An earthquake is the result
of a sudden release of
energy in the Earth's crust
that creates seismic waves.
 At the Earth's surface,
earthquakes manifest
themselves by vibration,
shaking and sometimes
displacement of the
ground.

11. Floods:
 A flood is an overflow of water that
'submerges' land. Floods Directive
defines a flood as a temporary
covering by water of land which is
usually not covered by water. In the
sense of 'flowing water', the word
may also be applied to the inflow of
the tides. Flooding may result from
the volume of water within a body of
water, such as a river or lake, which
overflows causing the result that
some of the water escapes its usual
boundaries.

12. Tsunami:
 A tsunami is also known as a
seismic sea wave or as a tidal
wave, is a series of waves in a
water body caused by the
displacement of a large volume of
water, generally in an ocean or a
large lake.
 Tsunamis can be caused by
undersea earthquakes

13. Droughts:
 Drought is the unusual dryness of
soil, resulting in crop failure and
shortage of water and for other
uses which is caused by
significant low rainfall than
average over a prolonged period.
 Hot dry winds, shortage of water,
high temperatures and
consequent evaporation of
moisture from the ground can
contribute to conditions of
drought.

14. Tornado:
 A tornado is a violent,
dangerous, rotating
column of air that is in
contact with both the
surface of the earth and
a cumulonimbus cloud
or, in rare cases, the
base of a cumulus
cloud.
 It is also referred to as a
twister .

15. Wildfires:
 Wildfires are large fires which often
start in wildland areas.
 Common causes include lightning
and drought but wildfires may also
be started by human negligence or
arson.
 They can spread to populated
areas and can thus be a threat to
humans and property, as well as
wildlife.

16. Components of Disaster
Management
1. Preparedness
2. Response
3. Recovery
4. Prevention

17. Disaster Preparedness
 It involves measures to ensure that communities
and services are capable of coping with the effect of
disaster.

18. EXAMPLE FOR DISASTER
PREPAREDNESS
1. Community awareness and education
2. Proper warning system
3. Mutual aid arrangement
4. Mock drill, training practice

19. Disaster Response
It involves measures taken
in anticipation of, during
and immediately after a
disaster to ensure that the
effects are minimized.

20. EXAMPLE FOR DISASTER
RESPONSE
1. Implementing the disaster
management plan
2. Setting up medical camps and
mobilizing resources
3. Providing adequate shelter and
sanitary facilities
4. Development of search and rescue
team

21. Disaster Recovery
It involves measures, which support emergency
affected areas in reconstruction of the physical
infrastructure and restoration of economic and
emotional well being.

22. EXAMPLE FOR DISASTER
RECOVERY
1. Counseling programme for
those who lost the near ones
2. Restoring services like roads,
communication link
3. Providing financial support
employment
4. Reconstructing damaged
buildings

23. Prevention and Mitigation
 It involves measures to eliminate or reduce the incidence of severity
of disasters.

24. EXAMPLE FOR PREVENTION
AND MITIGATION
1. Preventing
habitation in risk
zones
2. Disaster resistant
buildings

25. PRINCIPLES OF DISASTER
MANAGEMENT
• Minimize casualties
• Prevent further casualties
• Rescue the victims
• First aid
• Evacuate
• Medical care
• Reconstruction

26. THANK YOU