1.
TOPIC:
ROLE OF WIND POWER FOR POWER NEEDS IN INDIA
SELF STUDY COURSE-1
(An Autonomous institute)
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

2.
What Makes Wind
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

3.
SOURCES OF WIND
 Wind is air in motion.
 Is the result of the conversion of the potential
energy of the atmosphere into kinetic energy due
to pressure differential.
 Most prominent feature of climatology in INDIA
is the monsoon circulation.
 Kinetic energy of the wind is about 0.7*10^21
joules
 Sites having wind power density greater than
200 W/m2 at 50 m height
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

4.
5000 BC
Sailboats used on
the Nile indicate
the power of wind
500-900 AD
First windmills
developed in
Persia
1300 AD
First horizontal-
axis
windmills in
Europe
1850s
Daniel Halladay and
John Burnham build
Halladay Windmill;
start US Wind
Engine Company
Late 1880s
Thomas O. Perry
conducted 5,000
wind experiments;
starts Aermotor
Company
1888
Charles F. Brush
used windmill to
generate electricity
in Cleveland, OH
Early 1900s
Windmills in CA
pumped saltwater
to evaporate ponds
1941
In VT, Grandpa’s
Knob turbine
supplies power to
town during WWII
1979
First wind turbine
rated over 1 MW
began operating
1985
CA wind capacity
exceeded 1,000 MW
1993
US WindPower developed
first commercial variable-
speed wind turbine
2004
Electricity from
wind generation
costs 3 to 4.5 cents
per kWh
2011
Wind power provided
over 12% of renewable
energy used in US
History of Wind Energy
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

5.
Wind Power
PT = CP 1/2 AV V2
PT wind power
CP power coefficient or efficiency
 air density
A swept area of wind turbine
V wind speed
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

6.
Why Wind Energy?
o Clean, zero emissions
- NOx, SO2, CO, CO2
- Air quality, water quality
- Climate change
o Reduce fossil fuel dependence
- Energy independence
- Domestic energy—national security
o Renewable
- No fuel-price volatility
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

7.
Renewable Electric Capacity
Worldwide
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

8.
China Leads the World in Wind
Capacity
Top 5 Countries for 2013
New Installed Capacity
1. China
2. Germany
3. United Kingdom
4. India
5. Canada
Total Installed Generating Capacity (MW)
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

9.
Turbine Evolution
Used for
• Pumping water
• Grinding grain
Mainly used for
• Generating Electricity
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

10.
State-wise Wind Power Installed Capacity
State
Gross Potential (MW) Total Capacity (MW) till
31.03.2010
Andhra Pradesh 8968 136
Gujarat 10,645 1864
Karnataka 11,531 1473
Kerala 1171 28
Madhya Pradesh 1019 229
Maharashtra 4584 2078
Orissa 255 -
Rajasthan 4858 1088
Tamil Nadu 5530 4907
Others 4
Total
(All India)
48,561 11807
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

11.
Modern Wind Turbines
Turbines can be categorized into two classes
based on the orientation of the rotor.
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

12.
Vertical-Axis Turbines
Advantages
o Omni-directional
- accepts wind from any
direction
o Components can be
mounted at ground level
- ease of service
- lighter weight towers
o Can theoretically use less
materials to capture the
same amount of wind
Disadvantages
o Rotors generally near ground
where wind is poorer
o Centrifugal force stresses
blades
o Poor self-starting capabilities
o Requires support at top of
turbine rotor
o Requires entire rotor to be
removed to replace bearings
o Overall poor performance and
reliability
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

13.
Horizontal-Axis Wind Turbines
Small (<10 kW)
oHomes
oFarms
oRemote Applications
(e.g., water pumping,
Telecom sites, ice
making)
Large (250 kW-2+ MW)
oCentral Station Wind Farms
oDistributed Power
oSchools
Intermediate(10-250 kW)
oVillage Power
oHybrid Systems
oDistributed Power
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

14.
Large Wind Turbines
 Common Utility-Scale
Turbines
o 328’ base to blade
o Each blade is 112’
o 200 tons total
o Foundation 20’ deep
o Rated at 1.5-2 megawatts
o Supply about 500 homes
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

15.
Wind Turbine Components
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

16.
Wind Turbine Perspective
Nacelle
56 tons
Tower
3 sections
Workers Blade
112’ long
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

17.
Wind Farms
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

18.
Potential Impacts and Issues
 Property Values
 Noise
 Visual Impact
 Land Use
 Wildlife Impact
Properly siting a wind turbine can mitigate many of these issues.
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

19.
Impacts of Wind Power: Noise
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

20.
Wildlife Impacts
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

21.
Need of the Hour
1
National Plan
A nationwide wind monitoring campaign is to be started
at the earliest to have clear picture of wind resource
potential of India.
Other alternative is to seek advanced methods of
assessment by International Agencies for drawing wind
atlas of the country
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

22.
Need of the Hour
Off-Shore
•Higher in Indian context and needs to be
quantified with advanced techniques at
•Bay of Bengal
•Arabian sea
•around Andamans and Nicobar Ilands,
and
•Lakshadeep etc. for wind atlas of the
off-shore areas
WMS of 50 metre height and above in
• Himalayan region
• J&K
• Himachal Pradesh
• Laddak
• Thar Desert and
• Aravalis in particular &
• other inland areas in general
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

23.
Need of the Hour
2
Off-Shore
It needs to be quantified the wind energy potential with
advanced techniques at several place around the shore
line
3
National Policy
Efforts at national level for indigenous development of
commercial wind turbines is to be initiated.
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

24.
Need of the Hour
4
Massive Efforts
Training the man power for inland and off-shore wind
farms, use of latest software and efforts for developing
Indian version of wind analysis, simulation and modeling
software and wind farm design software
5
Education
M.Tech level course on Wind Energy can
be started in few Institutes
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

25.
Need of the Hour
6
Re-Powering
Replacing older, less efficient wind turbines with a smaller
number of more powerful recent models
7
Targets for Renewable Energy
To develop the necessary regulatory frameworks to expand
renewables, including financial frameworks, grid access
regulation, planning and administrative procedures.
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

26.
Need of the Hour
8
Specific Policy Mechanism
The market for generated power needs to be clearly defined
in national laws, including stable long term fiscal
measures that minimize investor’s risk and ensure an
adequate returns on investment.
9
Electricity Market Reforms
Removal of barriers to market entry, removing subsidies to
fossil fuels and nuclear and the social and environmental
costs of polluting energy
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali

27.
CONCLUSION
Wind power is emerging as an environment
friendly alternative to meet the ever
increasing world demand for electricity, at an
affordable price.
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,AITAM,Tekkali