Presented the topic at Vision Connect 15-National Youth Summit

1. Biodiesel-
Fuel Of Tomorrow
Team Hydrolians
THDC-IHET
-Abhishek Saraswat
-Ravi Sharma
-Shubham Silswal

2. Energy Demand In India
In 2011-12, India’s national energy consumption was 2,80,934
PJ.
The estimated electricity consumption increased from 43,724
GWh during 1970-71 to7,72,603 GWh during 2011-12.
India continued to be a net importer of primary energy, as it
imported 2,55,195 PJ in 2011-12 68.77 % of such imports
corresponded to crude oil.
High speed diesel oil accounted for 39.62% of total
consumption of all types of petroleum products in 2011-12.

3. What is Biodiesel?
It is a renewable and natural domestic
fuel extracted from animal fats or
vegetable oils, mostly from soya bean,
rapeseed, Jatropha, Palm oil etc.
Biodiesel is a general name given for
methyl esters obtained from organic
feedstock.

4. Biodiesel Production Process
 Biodiesel is produced from vegetable oils or animal fats and
an alcohol, through a Transesterification
reaction.
 Stages of Transesterification:
 Treatment of Raw Material
 Alcohol Catalyst Mixing
 Chemical Reaction
 Separation of Reaction Products
 Purification of Reaction Products

5. Transesterification
Transesterification is a chemical reaction where triglyceride is
reacted with alcohol in the presence of catalyst to produce alkyl
esters.
Every 100 gallons of oil produces about 100 gallons of biodiesel and
10 gallons of glycerol.

6. Acid-catalyzed Transesterification:
Acid catalyzed Transesterification is very slow compared to
base-catalyzed Transesterification.
Suitable for oil that has higher FFAs.
Acid Transesterification is necessary as a preliminary stage,
to reduce the level of FFAs.
Base Catalyzed Transesterification:
The most popular of all methods of production.
>90% of all bio diesel is produced by this method
Demands Low temperature and pressure
Types of Transesterification

7. Jatropha-Best Suited Raw Material
Plants are able to produce seeds
between 1 and 5 years depending on
soil fertility and rainfall, and continue
to produce seeds for more than 20
years.
The yield of biodiesel per hectare for Jatropha is more than four
times as much fuel per hectare as soybean, and up to ten times
to that of corn.
Seed yield under cultivation can range from 1,500 to 2,000 kg per hectare.
The seeds contain average 34.4% oil by weight that can be processed to
produce a high quality biodiesel fuel.

8. Blending Of Biodiesel
0 50 100
B2
B5
B10
B20
B100
Biodiesel Petroleum diesel
Blending is the process of mixing of
biodiesel fuel with petroleum-based
diesel fuel , designated as BXX, where
XX is the volume percent of biodiesel.

9. Environmental & Socio-Economic
Benefits
 It is biodegradable, renewable and nontoxic in nature.
Extremely low emission of greenhouse gases as compared to fossil fuels.
Increase in trade balance (Indian perspective) due to lesser dependence
on foreign resources.
Promoting environmental protection & energy security in the country.
Meeting climate change commitments.
Biodiesel can be used as supplement for home heating oil.
Growing variety of crops increases bio-diversity.
Promoting renewable energy sources.
Generating rural employment opportunities.

10. Potential Barriers & their Solutions
 Retail cost of biodiesel is more than one and a half times more than
petro diesel at many places.
 Government of India has permitted the manufacturers to directly sell
the produced oil to customers.
 In colder weather biodiesel can turn to gel and its gel point is observed to
be a function of the blend of biodiesel to diesel & feedstock used.
 Biodiesel extracted from Jatropha curcas & Palm seeds overcomes this
problem.
 Facts reveal that fuel efficiency is reduced by 1 to 2% if conventional
diesel is replaced by blended B20.
 More Research & Development in the upcoming future may tackle with
this issue.
 Fuel distribution base needs betterment.
 Policies and small scale entrepreneurship schemes should be started to
enhance fuel supply and distribution.

11. Future Projection of Bioenergy in India
 Algae-third generation biofuels
 The use of algae is an attractive option for
generating biofuels. In fact, algae farming
in less than 2-3 per cent of India’s total
land could satisfy the country’s liquid fuel
needs in the decades to come.
 Algae like Pleurochrysis carterae needs
low input and gives high yield up to 30-100
times more.
 Extensive research on algal biofuels
regarding the algal strains, algae culture &
harvesting is under process.

12. Conclusion
As there appears to be a general agreement that
the ‘era of cheap oil’ has ended, it is essential for
India to look for alternative (renewable fuel)
options such as biofuels to provide energy
security and environment protection.
What is therefore needed is a biofuels program
that incorporates economic, social and
environmental concerns in its planning and
implementation.

13. Thank You !