- The document discusses recovering waste heat from vehicle exhaust systems using thermoelectric generators. - Thermoelectric generators use temperature differences to generate voltage and can convert some of the wasted heat from exhaust into usable electrical power. - Simulations were conducted to analyze the surface temperatures of exhaust pipes and the potential power outputs of thermoelectric materials under various temperature ranges.

1. Student ID-NUMBER
•Aldaamah, Abdullah Ibnahmad M 3260793
•Alidin, Abdul Qaiyum 3313307
•Almousa, Abdulrahim Saleh M 3213536
•Amparis, George-Eric 3349995
•Ayala Saravia, René Vinicio 3347703
•Odtallah, Nemer 3297400
Investigation and Feasibility Analysis of Recovering
Energy From The Exhaust Gases Pipeline
Group A
1

2. Scope
Recovering the waste heat from the exhaust system
and turn it into useful energy
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3. Summary
 Using thermogenerator devices, waste heat in the
exhaust system is converted to electrical power to be
used as an accessory
 The thermogenerator works on temperature difference
to generate a voltage
 Additional fuel would not have to be consumed to power
some of the accessories
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4. Introduction
 A series of thermo-generators device was wrapped
around the exhaust pipe, so that the side which is in
contact with the exhaust is hotter than the side in
contact with a fluid to get the temperature difference
 The voltage from each of the TG’s would be utilised
 However, in the experiment, only one TG was used to
light an LED, using an iron.
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5. Other ideas considered
 Using a turbo to turn a generator to produce electrical
power. A turbo is normally used to increase the charge
of air into the intake in order to increase engine power.
Either ways, some waste exhaust heat is utilized.
 Also a heat exchanger was considered, where the hot
exhaust gasses could run a compressor motor, to
generate electrical power
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6. Table of Content
Objectives GO
Project Planning and Progress Summary GO
Thermoelectric Principles GO
Energy Storage GO
Design GO
Simulations GO
Feasibility Analysis GO
Experiment GO
Conclusions GO
Future Improvement GO
Recommendations GO
References GO
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7. Objectives
 To increase the effective efficiency of the engine by using
the waste heat
 Analyse if its feasible to install the proposed system into a
vehicle
 Prove that the engine energy waste could be reduced
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8. Project Planning & Progress Summary
Week 1 – Week 12
No Description W1 W2 W3 W4 W5 W6 W7 W8 W9 W10 W11 W12
1 Project selection
Literature review and
2
research
3 Information synthesis
4 Midterm presentation
5 Simulation
6 Experiment
Recompilation and
7
synthesis
Presentation and
8
submission
Done In progress Delay
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9. Thermoelectric Principles
Investigation and Feasibility Analysis of Recovering Energy From
The Exhaust Gases Pipeline
Nemer Odtallah. Student No.: 3297400
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10. Thermoelectric materials
 Thermoelectric phenomenon occur when this material
exerted to heat source, that can provide voltage potential in
the substance itself. This phenomenon can be used both ways,
as a generator and as a cooling system. Both applications are
used now.
 The application type can be varied to comply with its usage as
a generator or as a cooling system.
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11. Inside of the Thermo-electrics
Thermoelectric types :
• Semiconductor (TE).
•Strong conductors (TE).
Both types have a cold and hot junction and attached to a
load or a battery and the other side is attached to a hot
surface to provide the heat as a source or a warm surface
to be chilled.
Semiconductor thermoelectric material is also known as
Peltier device, the state which convert heat into an
electrical current.
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12. Peltier device
The structure of this material is shown in
the following slide
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13. Thermo electric composition
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14. How does the thermoelectric works?
It is a silicone semiconductor consists of a P type and N
type doped silicone to interact with each other as a positive
and negative terminals .
Heat is a type of energy that motivates the current flow in
silicone material, thus , it sets the electrons free in the last
orbit because the material in the n type silicone has a
negative charge already because of the extra electron that
has doped with.
An extra electron will go to the p type silicone which is
already needed to make the silicone stable or zero charged .
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15. P- type and N-type silicone
(voltage generation)
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16. Proposed system
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17. Adaptability of the system into the vehicle
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18. Energy storage
Investigation and Feasibility Analysis of Recovering Energy From
The Exhaust Gases Pipeline
Abdulrahim Almousa. Student No.: 3213536
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19. Energy Storage & Applications
 DC/DC voltage
converter
 Ultra-capacitor package
 12V lead/acid battery
with a battery
monitoring
sensor(BMS)
An example of typical Micro hybrid
system architecture
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20. Energy Storage & Applications
DC/DC Voltage Converter :
 To link the high and low voltage power networks on the
vehicle.
 It has 2 operation modes.
 In forward mode it charge the 12V battery.
 In reverse mode it uses the 12V battery to charge the
ultracapacitor pack.
 The output capacity is 1.5kW
in both directions.
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21. Energy Storage & Applications
Ultracapacitor Package :
 Used to provide energy when there exists a delta of
temperature in thermoelectric assembly.
 The maximum voltage is 28V limited by the ultracapacitor
design.
 The overall package weighs approximately 10kg, compared
with approximately 40kg for a lead acid battery package of the
same voltage.
 The dimension of the package
is smaller than that of two
lead acid batteries with the
same voltage level.
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22. Energy Storage & Applications
How the charging system works
High electric performance
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23. Energy Storage & Applications
How the charging system works
Low electric performance
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24. Energy Storage & Applications
How the charging system works
Thermoelectric recovery
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25. Design
Investigation and Feasibility Analysis of Recovering Energy From
The Exhaust Gases Pipeline
Abdulrahim Almousa. Student No.: 3213536
Vinicio Ayala. Student No.: 3347703
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26. Evaluation Matrix for Thermoelectric Generator vs.
Thermo Dynamic cycle
Weighting
Property Explanation
Factor (0-10)
How much energy is recovered from exhaust waste
Efficiency 7
heat
Manufacturing
10 The viability to manufacture the product
viability
How expensive will be to mount the system into the
Cost 10
vehicle
Size 6 Because of the restriction of space in the vehicle
Because it's added more load to the engine and more
Weight 8
weight exhaust pipeline supports
How noxious could be the installation of the system
Health risk 9
for the passengers
Design viability 8 How easier is the system designed
The prove that shows that waste heat is actually
Experiment 7
recovered from the exhaust pipeline
The biggest constraint in the project due the short
Time 10
time to develop the idea
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27. Evaluation Matrix for Thermo-electric generator vs.
Thermodynamic cycle
Weighting Option A Option B
Property
Factor (0-10) (Thermoelectric) (Thermodynamic)
Weighted Weighted
Score (0-10) Score (0-10)
Score Score
Efficiency 7 4 28 7 49
Manufacturing
10 10 100 5 50
viability
Cost 10 5 50 5 50
Size 6 8 48 6 36
Weight 8 7 56 5 40
Health risk 9 8 72 5 45
Design viability 8 10 80 5 40
Experiment 7 10 70 1 7
Time 10 9 90 5 50
Total 594 367
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28. Thermo-electric generator design
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29. Thermo-electric generator design
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30. Thermo-electric generator design
Dimensions
• Pipe
 Diameter: 2.5 in
 Thickness: 1/8 in
• Water jacket
 Diameter: 4.5 in
 Thickness: 1/8 in
• Thermo-electric piece:
 Width: 4 cm
 Height: 0.4 cm
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31. Thermo-electric generator design
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32. Thermo-electric generator assembly
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33. Water circuit for the Thermo electric
generator
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34. Simulations
Investigation and Feasibility Analysis of Recovering Energy From
The Exhaust Gases Pipeline
Abdul Qaiyum Student No.: 3313307
Vinicio Ayala Student No.: 3347703
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35. Electric circuit simulation
Switching on LED
Charging
mode
Active
controller
circuit
Source(Heat Capacitor LED
) Source(Heat Capacitor LED
)
RC circuit and switching experimentation and
simulation
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36. Electric circuit simulation
Improved circuit for
experimentation
Discharging
mode
Proportional
controller
Source(Heat Capacitor LED
) RC circuit and switching
experimentation and
simulation
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37. Exhaust pipe surface temperature range
 It will be observed in the following slides, that the
possible range of temperature outside of the exhaust
pipe, oscillates between 400-700 [K].
 This range of temperature is given by a city driving
condition.
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38. Exhaust pipe surface temperature
simulation
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39. Exhaust pipe surface temperature
simulation
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40. Exhaust pipe surface temperature
simulation
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41. Energy recovery simulation
Temperature Vs Power Per Thermoelectric Material(PbTe)
2.4564Watt
0.9595 Watt
60oC - 300oC
Legend
50oC - 200oC
* 323K - 473K
+ 333K - 573K
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42. Energy recovery simulation
Temperature Vs Power Per Thermoelectric Material(PbTe)
7.7226 Watt
4.6441 Watt
80oC - 500oC
70oC - 400oC Legend
* 343K - 673K
+ 353K - 773K
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43. Feasibility Analysis
Investigation and Feasibility Analysis of Recovering Energy From
The Exhaust Gases Pipeline
Abdul Qaiyum Student No.: 3313307
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44. Feasibility Analysis
1. Motivation in the project
• Average distance travelled by the road car annually is approximately
9000 kms
• 40% of the total waste energy(2/3) from gasoline exits to exhaust
system as hot gases at 300oC to 700oC
• Pump price for petrol will increase annually at 6%
• Underlying rate of inflation set at 2.4% per annum(mean of previous 10
years)
• The car has a useful period of 15 years after which it is scrapped
3. With the engineering technology and advanced tools that we have
these days, waste heat could be recovered as much as 5 – 10% of
energy and here are few ways to implement the recovery method
• Rankine cycle in coil exhaust
• Turbo generator
• Thermoelectric material generators
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45. Feasibility Analysis
Cooling and exhaust
Pistons and rings Rolling resistance
Bearings
Pumping Air resistance
Valve train
Auxiliaries Mechanical
Acceleration
Transmission To wheels
Mechanical losses Total power from fuel Power to wheels
6.9kW 32kW 3.8kW
Typical power distribution in a car
during city driving
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46. Feasibility Analysis
Assuming typical Power and losses known,
• Theoretically we can recover:
7.7226 W /pc (Max)
0.9595 W / pc (Min)
• Assuming that the car is driven two hours per day, the total amount of energy
recovered for one piece per year will be:
5300 W/year (Max)
700 W /year
• Total Energy saved considering a 50 pcs. thermoelectric assembly:
264.9 kW/ year (Max)
35.02 kW/ year (Min)
• Wasted Energy per year in 3.8 L V6 Holden Commodore (Considering that the vehicle
is working at it maximum load):
111 kW
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47. Feasibility Analysis
Holden commodore 3.8 L V6
Distance
Petrol Consumption Petrol cost Petrol cost Thermo-
per year
consumption per year per Liter per year electric system
(L/Km) (L/year) ($/L) ($/year) cost ($)
(Kms /year)
0.11 9000 990 1.5 1485 1000
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48. Feasibility Analysis
This project proves that recovering energy from the
exhaust gases pipeline is feasible and its implementation
will
p Complement the current automotive technology
u Reduce consumed petrol
p Reduce Greenhouse gas(NOx & CO2) emission
e Consumer ROI in 2 years or less
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49. Experiment
Investigation and Feasibility Analysis of Recovering Energy From
The Exhaust Gases Pipeline
Vinicio Ayala. Student No.: 3347703
Abdul Qaiyum Student No.: 3313307
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50. Energy recovery experiment
Cold side temperature Hot side temperature
ΔT=Thot-side-Tcold-side
ΔT=150.5-19 = 131.5[C]
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51. Energy recovery experiment
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52. Experiment results
Power Efficiency Parameter
Re=(phi*Le)/Ae;
Wmax=((alpha^2)*(deltaT^2))/(4*Re)
Variable Thermoelectric
Re - Z merit Material & Heat
Phi - Material electrical resistivity sink(water)
Le - Thermoelectric material length
Ae - Thermoelectric area
Alpha - Material Seeback coefficient
detaT - Temperature difference
Heating iron(exhaust
pipe) temperature
>100oc
Cooling heat sink
temperature <10oc
Experiment measurement
reading(Th > 100oc & Tc <
10oc) Heating and cooling TEG
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53. Conclusions
Investigation and Feasibility Analysis of Recovering Energy From
The Exhaust Gases Pipeline
Nemer Odtallah. Student No.: 3297400
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54. Conclusions
 It was confirmed the hypothesis that energy can be
recycled from the engine heat waste
 The ease of design, manufacture and implementation, can
make this system really attractive for all the vehicle
companies
 The system is completely feasible, not only because the
investment could be recovered in less than 2 year, but
also because it could be recovered energy as much as the
one that is actually lost during the engine combustion,
which means that almost 30% of the total fuel energy
could be recovered.
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55. Future Improvement
Investigation and Feasibility Analysis of Recovering Energy From
The Exhaust Gases Pipeline
Abdullah Aldaamah. Student No.: 3260793
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56. Future Improvement
Improvement:
 system analysis
 optimization
 designing
Performance limits of materials (Higher
energy conversion efficiency)
Coming government-sponsored
outcomes.
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57. Future Improvement
Power produced can be used in:
 drive power steering
 brakes
 water pump
 turbo charges
Analyze the real benefits for the
efficiency of the engine
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58. Recommendations
Investigation and Feasibility Analysis of Recovering Energy From
The Exhaust Gases Pipeline
Abdullah Aldaamah. Student No.: 3260793
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59. Recommendations
 Tokeep working and analysing this project in
order to improve it and have real results
 Construct a real model of the proposed
system and install it into a vehicle for having a
more accurate information about the amount
of energy recovered
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60. References
Investigation and Feasibility Analysis of Recovering Energy From
The Exhaust Gases Pipeline
Abdullah Aldaamah. Student No.: 3260793
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61. References:
 HoSung Lee, 2010, Thermal Design, Heat Sinks,
Thermoelectrics, Heat Piepes, Compact Heat
Exchangers, and Solar Cells, pp. 100-180
 B. Gao, K. Svancaara and A. Walker /2009-01-1330
Development of a BISG Micro-Hybrid System (ABL
Powertrain UK Ltd, UK), D. Kok, M. Conen and D. Kees
(Ford Motor Company, UK)
 Pasquier, AD, Plitz, I, Menocal, S, Amatucci, G 2002, ‘A
comparative study of Li-ion battery, supercapacitor and
nonaqueous asymmetric hybrid devices for automotive
applications’, Journal of Power Sources, vol. 115, no.2, pp.
171-178, NJ, USA
 Ehsani M, GaoY, Gay SE and Emadi, A 2005, Modern Electric,
Hybrid Electric, and Fuel Cell Vehicles, fundamentals, theory,
and design, CRC Press, Florida
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62. References
http://www.google.com.au/imgres?q=thermoelectric+semiconductor+material&um=1&hl=en&sa=N&biw
 http://nextbigfuture.com/2009/11/arpa-e-waste-heat-projects.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermoelectric_materials
http://www.google.com.au/imgres?q=peltier+device&um=1&hl=en&sa=X&biw=1366&bih=624&tbm=isch&
http://www.google.com.au/imgres?q=n+type+semiconductor&um=1&hl=en&biw=1366&bih=624&tbm=i
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63. References
http://pic.sagepub.com/content/221/12/1635
http://www.sciencemag.org/journals
http://www.sae.org/mags/sve/NEWS/7916
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/pdfs/merit_review_2010/high-eff_engine_tech/ace041_ne
http://www1.eere.energy.gov/vehiclesandfuels/pdfs/hvso_2006/07_fenske.pdf
http://www.consumerenergycenter.org/transportation/consumer_tips/vehicle_energy_losses.html
www.google.com.au/imgres?q=Environmentally+friendly&hl=en&biw=2560&bih=1246&gbv=2&tbm=isch
docid=pFVcZmK1lWQO4M&w=300&h=300&ei=oLhRTuOnFOrYmAXUsaHrBg&zoom=1&iact=hc&vpx
http://www.google.com.au/imgres?q=thermoelectric&hl=en&biw=1920&bih=959&gbv=2&tbm=isch&tbn
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