This document summarizes cellular respiration, which is the process by which glucose and oxygen are used to produce energy in the form of ATP. It occurs in three main phases: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm and produces 2 ATP and 2 NADH molecules. The Krebs cycle takes place in the mitochondrial matrix and produces no net ATP but generates 2 NADH and 2 FADH2 molecules. The electron transport chain on the inner mitochondrial membrane uses the NADH and FADH2 to produce ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. Overall, cellular respiration is about 40% efficient and yields approximately 30-32 molecules of ATP per glucose molecule.

1. Presented by:-
AAKRITI
GFT/115201

2. # The overall reaction:-
C6H12O6+6O2 6CO2+6H2O+Energy(~30-32ATP)
# Definition:- It is a process of taking oxygen
and glucose and turning them
into ATP i.e. energy for the body.
# Efficiency:- It is a 40% efficient process
with 60% of the energy going to
heat.
# Happens in 3 phases:-
a) Glycolysis b) Krebs's Cycle c) ETC

3. PATHWAY EUKARYOTE PROKARYOTE
GLYCOLYSIS CYTOPLASM CYTOPLASM
INTERMEDIATE STEP CYTOPLASM CYTOPLASM
KREB’s CYCLE MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX CYTOPLASM
ETC MITOCHONDRIAL INNER
MEMBRANE
PLASMA
MEMBRANE

5. REVIEW:-
# Smooth outer
membrane.
# Folded inner
membrane.
# Folds called cristae.
# Space inside cristae
is called matrix.
STRUCTURE

7.  Derived from Greek words; Glykys=sweet &
Lysis=splitting
 It is an anaerobic process.
 Ten step metabolic pathway to convert
glucose into two molecules of pyruvate and
two molecules each of NADH and ATP.
 It occurs in the cytoplasm of plant and
animal cells.
 Free energy released in this process is
stored as two molecules of ATP and NADH.

8. # Energy Investment Stage:-
* Includes reaction steps from one to five.
* Glucose to two Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate.
* Two ATPs are invested.
* Also called as preparatory stage.
# Energy payoff stage:-
* Includes reaction steps from six to ten.
* Two Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to two
Pyruvate plus four ATPs.
* A net gain of two molecules of ATP and two
NADH molecules.

11.  A) GLUCOSE
 B) ATP

12.  A) PYRUVATE
 B) ATP
 C) NADH

23.  Intermediate step between Glycolysis and
Krebs cycle.

24.  Location:- Mitochondrial matrix.
 It is an aerobic process.
 Net zero ATP is produced.
 Pyruvate molecules transported from
cytoplasm to mitochondria.
 Converts each pyruvate(3C) into acetyl
coenzyme(2C).
 2CO2 released (1from each pyruvate)
 2NAD+ reduced to NADH.
 Reaction:-pyruvate+NAD+CoA
Acetyl-CoA+NADH+CO2
(2 pyruvate=2 NADH and CO2)

25. # Also known as Citric Acid Cycle or TCA(Tri
Carboxylic Acid).
# Occurs in mitochondrial matrix.
# It is an aerobic process.
# Net production of 2 ATPs.
# Takes two complete cycles.
# Uses Acetyl CoA to generate ATP,NADH,FADH2
and CO2.
# Eight steps, each within an enzyme.

27. REACTION NO. OF ATP/REDUCED
COENZYME FORMED
NO. OF ATP
ULTIMATELY FORMED
1)Glucose to G6P -1 ATP -1
2)F6P to Fructose1,6-
bisphosphate
-1 ATP -1
3)2G3P to 2 1,3-BPG 2NADH 3-5
4)2 1,3BPG to 2,3-PG 2ATP 2
5)2 PEP to 2 pyruvate 2ATP 2
6)2 Pyruvate to
2Acetyl-CoA
2NADH 5
7)2 Isocitrate to 2a-KG 2NADH 5
8)2 a-KG to 2 S- CoA 2NADH 5
9)2S-CoA to 2
Succinate
2ATP(2GTP) 2
10)2S to 2 Fumarate 2FADH2 3
11)2Malate to 2
Oxaloacetate
2NADH 5
TOTAL 30-32

30. ANY QUERIES????