1. HOW TO CONTROL PLAQUE PRESENTED BY: DR. AAKIFA JAVED ARIAN ALTAMASH INSTITUTE OF DENTAL MEDICINE

5. Plaque can be removed with daily brushing, flossing, and rinsing with an antiseptic mouthwash.

7. Brush Plaque builds within hours. Brushing your teeth helps oral health because it removes plaque from the surfaces of your teeth and gums. Floss Because periodontal disease often begins in areas your toothbrush cannot reach, it’s important to remove plaque from between teeth and just below your gumline by flossing. Rinse Daily rinsing with an antiseptic mouthwash may add to the benefits of brushing and flossing by reducing plaque between crowded teeth and around hard-to-reach molars.

8. Methods of Plaque Control: Mechanical Plaque Control Methods. 2. Chemical Plaque Control Methods.

9. Mechanical Plaque Control Aids: 2) Interdental Aids: Dental Floss Triangular Tooth Picks Interdental Brushes Superfloss Perio-Aid 1) ToothBrushes: Manual Toothbrush Electrical Toothbrush 4) Others: Gauze Strips Pipe Cleansers water Irrigation Device 3) Aids for Gingival Stimulation: Rubber Tip Stimulator 5) Aids for Completely or Partially Edentulous Patients: Denture & Partial Clasp Brushes Cleansing Solutions

10. Chemical Plaque Control Agents The Chemical agents which act on the Plaque ultrastructurally and prevent the formation of Plaque are usefull in Prevention than in a cure.

11. Chemical Plaque Control Agents are: Dentifrices/ Toothpastes 2. Mouth Rinses i. Chlorhexidine Rinse ii. Essential Oil Rinse

12. Chemical inhibitors of plaque & calculus that are incorporated in mouthwashes or dentifrices play important roles in plaque control. DO YOU KNW……..??

14. Polishing

15. Removal of stains

17. Flavor- (2%) pleasant and must be associated with a “clean” feeling. E.g. Mint flavor

18. Colouring agent (2%)

19. Binders (2%)

20. Humectants (20%-40%)

21. Detergents (1%-2%)

22. Flavoring agent (2%)

23. Preservatives (<1%)

24. Sweetening agents (2%)

26. Solid, insoluble particles

27. Potential for fluoride interaction

28. Causing abrasion

30. Calcium pyrophosphate

31. Carbonates like sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate

33. Keep the solid phase properly suspended in the liquid phase .

34. Prevent the toothpaste from drying out.

35. Contribute to the creamy consistency of the toothpaste and hence, control the viscosity.

37. Alginate

40. Sorbitol

41. Polyethylene glycol

42. Mannitol

45. Emulsifies flavoring agents.

46. High level may cause mucosal irritation.

48. Sodium N-LaurylSarcosinate

51. Sodium monofluorophosphate

53. Non-irritating

54. Compatible with other ingredients

55. Examples: alcohols, sodium benzoate, dichlorinated phenols

56. Function of Solvents:

57. dissolves the ingredients and allows them to be mixed.

59. Anti-plaque: Sodium Lauryl Sulphate, Triclosane, Zinc and Stannous ions

60. Anti-calculus: Pyrophosphate

61. Anti-dentin hypersensitivity: Potassium salts

63. Plaque & Gingivitis Prevention toothpastes have additional antibacterial ingredients to fight the growth of bacteria and the formation of dental plaque.

64. Tooth Whitening toothpastes have either higher abrasion value than normal tootpastes to mechanically remove food, smoking and other stains from teeth, or/and special ingredients as Peroxide for teeth bleaching and whitening.

65. Sensitivity toothpastes contain desensitising agents to relief those with tooth sensitivity problems from the acute pain when teeth are exposed to hot or cold temperatures or sweet and sour foods.

66. Tartar Control toothpastes contain pyrophosphates that reduce new tartar build-up (but they can't remove the existing tartar).

68. Severe form- mottling of enamel, pitting and cracking of teeth, black and brown stains.Titanium dioxide: if inhaled can cause lung damage Sodium saccharin: FDA lists it as a possible carcinogen 21

71. Eucalyptol

72. Menthol

73. Methyl Salicylate