1. PRINCIPLES
OF
LEARNING
UNIT II
Chapter 1
GROUP 1

2. “The ability to learn is the
most significant activity of
man”
Acasio

3.  What is meant by learning?
 What are the principles of Learning?
 What are the implications of learning to
teaching?
Acasio

4. INTRODUCTION
1. Acquisition of a knowledge-base
2. Fluency
3. Make sense of the world
4. Solve problems
5. Make decisions
Key words:
Acasio

5. Principles of Learning from Horne
and Pine (1990)
1.Learning is an experience which
occurs inside the learner and is
activated by the learner.
Acasio
“No one directly teaches anyone anything
of significance.”

6. 2. Learning is the discovery of the
personal meaning and relevance of
ideas.
Barrameda
It is necessary that teacher relates lessons to
the needs, interests and problems of the
learners.

7. 3. Learning (behavioral change) is a
consequences of experience.
Barrameda
If experience is the best teacher, then
teacher should make use of experiential
learning. Experiential learning make use
direct as well as vicarious experiences.

8. 4. Learning is cooperative and
collaborative process.
Buageña

9. 5. Learning is an evolutionary
process.
Agaton
Behavioral change requires time and
patience

10. 6. Learning is sometimes a painful
process.
Agapito

11. 7. One of the richest resources for
learning is the learner himself.
Avila

12. 8. The Process of Learning is
Emotional as Well as Intellectual.
Batadlan
Learning is affected by
the total state of the
individual
People are feeling beings
as well as thinking beings
•When their feelings and
thoughts are in harmony,
learning is maximized
To create the optimal
conditions in a group for
learning to occur, people
must come before purpose
Regardless of the purpose of
a group , it cannot be
effectively accomplished
when other things get in the
way.
Barriers to communication
exist in people
•Before we can conduct “official
business”, we need to work with
the people problems that may
exist in a group.
To maximize the acquisition
and internalization of ideas ,
it seems reasonable that the
people problems would have
to be dealt with first.

13. 9. The process of problem solving
and learning are highly unique and
individual.
Barreto

14. Thorndike’s
Laws of Learning:

16. Thorndike’s Laws of Learning:
Balinquit
1.) Law of Readiness:
First primary law of learning, according to him, is the ‘Law of
Readiness’ or the ‘Law of Action Tendency’, which means that
learning takes place when an action tendency is aroused through
preparatory adjustment, set or attitude.
2) The ‘Law of Exercise’, therefore, is also understood as the ‘Law
of Use and Disuse’ in which case connections or bonds made in
the brain cortex are weakened or loosened. Many examples of
this case are found in case of human learning. Learning to drive
a motor-car, typewriting, singing or memorizing a poem or a
mathematical table, and music etc. need exercise and repetition
of various movements and actions many times.

17. 3) Law of Effect:
The third law is the ‘Law of Effect’, according to which the
trial or steps leading to satisfaction stamps in the bond or
connection.
Thorndike’s Laws of Learning:
4) Law of Multiple – Response:
According to it the organism varies or changes its response till
an appropriate behavior is hit upon. Without varying the
responses, the correspondence for the solution might never be
elicited.
Balinquit

18. Thorndike’s Laws of Learning:
5) The Law of Set or Attitude:
Learning is guided by a total set or attitude of the organism,
which determines not only what the person will do but what
will satisfy or annoy him.
6) Pre- potency of Elements:
According to this law, the learner reacts selectively to the
important or essential in the situation and neglects the other
features or elements which may be irrelevant or non- essential.
The ability to deal with the essential or the relevant part of the
situation makes analytical and insightful learning possible.
Balinquit

19. Thorndike’s Laws of Learning:
7) Law of Response by Analogy:
According to this law, the individual makes use of old
experiences or acquisitions while learning a new situation.
There is a tendency to utilize common elements in the new
situation as existed in a similar past situation.
8) The Law of Associative Shifting:
According to this law we may get a response, of which a
learner is capable, associated with any other situation to which
he is sensitive.
Balinquit