3. Objectives:
The objectives of this report are
โขTo present findings from a wide-ranging review of global
literature on health impacts, adaptation processes and
policies relating to flood risk.
โขTo make a critical assessment of the existing knowledge
base and identify key opportunities and challenges for
intervention and research.
โขTo assess the implications of climate change and future
flood risk for health impacts, adaptation processes and
policies.
4. History
โขIn 1950, Pakistan witnessed first but
severe flood disaster that claimed
2910 lives and affected more than
10,000 villages.
โขThe need for a flood control program
in the then East Pakistan
(Bangladesh) was realized only in the
late 60s that subsequently led to the
incorporation of the program in the
Fourth Five-Year Plan (1970-75) but
efforts in this directing remained
insignificant.
5. Floods
โขIt is a natural event or occurrence where a piece of land (or area)
that is usually dry land, suddenly gets submerged under water.
โข Some floods can occur suddenly
and recede quickly. Others take days or
even months to build and discharge.
โข When floods happen in an area that
people live, the water carries along objects
like houses, bridges, cars, furniture and
even people. It can wipe away farms,
trees and many more heavy items.
8. River Flood
โขA river flood occurs
when water levels rise
over the top of river
banks due to
excessive rain from
tropical systems
making landfall,
persistent
thunderstorms over
the same area for
extended periods of
time, combined
rainfall and snowmelt,
or an ice jam.
9. Coastal Flood
โขA coastal flood, or
the inundation of
land areas along the
coast, is caused by
higher than average
high tide and
worsened by heavy
rainfall and onshore
winds (i.e., wind
blowing landward
from the ocean).
10. Inland Flooding
โขInland flooding
occurs when
moderate
precipitation
accumulates over
several days, intense
precipitation falls
over a short period,
or a river overflows
because of an ice or
debris jam or dam or
levee failure.
11. Flash Flood
โขA flash flood is caused by
heavy or excessive rainfall in
a short period of time,
generally less than six hours.
โข. Flash floods are usually
characterized by raging
torrents after heavy rains that
rip through river beds, urban
streets, or mountain canyons
sweeping everything before
them
12. Characteristic And Attributes Of
Floods
Flood can be characterized by the following attributes:
๏งNatural and anthropogenic phenomena
๏งSpatial occurrence
๏งDuration of the event
๏งTime of onset
๏งFrequency
๏งMagnitude
๏งSecondary events
13. Impact Of
Floods
โข Environmental impact
โข Wildlife and Livestock
Health and Well-being
โข Riverbank and
Sedimentation
โข Dispersal Of Nutrients
And Pollution
โข Replenishment Of
Surface And
Groundwater
โข Local Landscape And
Habitat
14. Environmental Impact
It effects the
โขthe health and wellbeing
of wildlife and livestock
โขriverbank erosion and
sedimentation
โขthe dispersal of nutrients
and pollutants
โขsurface and groundwater
supplies
โขand local landscapes and
habitats
15. Wildlife and Livestock Health
and Well-being
โขlivestock unable to relocate
to higher ground in time
were washed away by
flood waters or forced to
stand in polluted water
until rescued.
โขFlood reduce the level of
biodiversity, habitat
potential and food present
in the ecosystem, creating
long-term impacts for
surviving wildlife..
16. Riverbank and Sedimentation
โขRiverbank erosion is
caused by high and fast
moving water that
exceeds riverbanks.
โขFlood waters can carry
large amounts of
sediment and leave
deposits behind once
flood waters recede.
17. Dispersal Of Nutrients And
Pollution
โขFlood water can contain
debris, pollutants and
nutrients.
โขPollutants in flood water,
such as bacteria and
pesticides, can be carried far
distances.
โขSedimentation and turbidity
can result in the growth of
algae and phytoplankton
blooms that jeopardize water
quality.
18. Replenishment Of Surface And
Groundwater
โขOne of the positive direct
benefits of flooding is the
replenishment of surface
water and groundwater
supplies.
โขThe replenishment of
supplies can benefit soil,
resulting in healthy crops
and pastures.
19. Local Landscape And Habitat
โขIn urban areas, flooding can
be extremely damaging and
costly, as it can negatively
impact infrastructure, homes
and businesses. In the natural
environment.
โขFlooding has a more positive
impact on the natural
environment as flood water
provides nourishment to the
landscape.
20. Flooding Precaution
Before the floods
โขKnow about your local relief centers and evacuation
routes.
โขFold and roll up anything onto higher ground (or upper
floors of your home), including chemicals and medicines.
โขMake sure everything that is of importance is secured
(jewelry, documents, pets, and other valuables).
โขPlant trees and shrubs and keep a lot of vegetation in
your compound if you are in a low-lying area as that can
control erosion and help soften the speed of the flowing
water.
21. Flooding Precaution
During the floods
โขTurn off all electrical appliance, gas, heating and the like
if there is a bit of time.
โขLeave the area before it gets too late. Do not drive
through the water as moving water can sweep you away.
โขStay away from power lines or broken power
transmission cables.
โขTry to keep away from flood water as it may contain
chemicals or other hazardous materials.
22. Flooding Precaution
After the floods
โขMake sure you have permission from emergency officers
to get back inside your house
โขMake sure you have photographs, or a record of all the
damage, as it may be needed for insurance claims.
โขClean the entire home, together with all the objects in it
very well before you use them again. They may be
contaminated.
โขWear appropriate gear (mask and gloves) before cleaning
begins.
23. National Disaster Management
Authorities (NDMA)
โขThe Ordinance, the National Disaster Management
Commission (NDMC) has been established under the
Chairmanship of the Prime Minister, as the apex policy
making body at the federal level in the Field of the
disaster management.
โข As required under the Ordinance, National Disaster
Management Authority (NDMA) was notified on 18th of
January, 2007 as the executive arm of the NDMC. It acts
as the lead Agency at the federal level to coordinate and
implement whole spectrum of disaster management
activities.
24. Worst
Floods In
Pakistan
Damages caused by Floods in
Pakistan 2010
โขThe 2010 flood that affected most parts
of Pakistan, claimed 1,600 human
lives, caused damage to physical
infrastructure at an estimated value of
$10 billion, and inundated about 38,600
km of area.
โขIn 2010, the NDMA estimated a loss of
around 1.7 million houses, and a total
population of 18 million was affected
across the country.
โขThe damages of the floods were spread
over 78 districts and an area of 100,000
square km 20 districts were declared as
the worst affected According to
NDMAโs data on damages in 2010 .
25. Worst Floods In Pakistan
Damages caused by Floods in Pakistan
2012
โขThe 2012 floods began in September and
affected over 5 million people.
โขThe areas which were hit the hardest
included parts of Baluchistan, Punjab
and Sindh. Some of these areas remained
inundated with water for over a year or
two.
โขIn 88% of the surveyed communities,
diseases such as malaria, diarrhea, skin
infections; cough, cold with fever; and
measles were common. And, 32% of the
communities reported no access to health
facilities and services.
26. Worst
Floods In
Pakistan
Damages Caused by Floods and in Pakistan 2013
โข The monsoon rain that started in Augustin turn
triggered flash floods. In just one week (17th to
24th August 2013), a rainfall of around 100 mm
was recorded across the country.
โข A total of 5,439 villages were affected across the
country; most villages i.e. 3,341 being in Sindh.
The floods claimed 169 human lives and another
855 sustained injuries.
โข The hardest hit districts included Sialkot, Narowal,
Sheikhupura, Gujranwala, Dera Ghazi Khan and
Rajanpur in Punjab, and Jhal Magsi, Jaffarabad and
Naseerabad in Baluchistan.
27. Conclusion:
โขThis document provides general information about flood
insurance coverage.
โข However, please be aware that youโre Standard Flood
Insurance Policy, your application, and any
endorsements, including the Declarations Page, make up
your official contract of insurance.
โขAny differences between this information and your
policy will be resolved in favor of your policy. If you
have questions, call your insurance agent or company
representative.
28. Reference's:
โข Fair, C. C. (2011). Pakistan in 2010. Asian Survey, 51(1), 97-110.
โข Kronstadt, K. A. (2010). Flooding in Pakistan: Overview and issues
for congress. DIANE Publishing.
โข Iqbal, A. R. FLOOD MANAGEMENT IN PAKISTANโA CASE
STUDY OF FLOOD 2010.
โข Ullah, H., & Gungor, G. (2014). Comparative analysis of immediate
response by national disaster management systems of the US,
Pakistan, and Turkey (Doctoral dissertation, Monterey, California:
Naval Postgraduate School).
โข Ahmed, S. M., Husain, A. M., Sattar, M. G., & Chowdhury, A. M. R.
(1998). A quick assessment of flood losses and post flood
rehabilitation needs in BRACโs programme areasโ. Experiences of
deluge: flood, 1-29.
