sifaat ul huroof ash-shiddah, at-tawassut, ar-rakhawa

1. Lesson Nine
Sifaat Al Huroof continued

2. Sifaat Al Huroof

3. Definition of sifaat al- huroof
Linguistic meaning - qualities/attributes of
letters
Applied meaning - the manner of the letter
when it appears at its makhraj
E.g. the height, weight, colour of a thing which
describes it more clearly

4. Benefits
To differentiate between letters which appear at the
same makhraj
E.g. ‫ص‬ and ‫س‬
‫ط‬ and ‫ت‬
Same makhraj but sifaat makes them different and
makes each clear so no confusion over which letter
spoken

5. Benefits

7. Categories
• Permanent qualities - laazimah
- always present with the letter e.g. hams and
qalqala
• Temporary qualities - ‘aaridah
- present due to some reason around that letter
- so not always present in the letter

8. Permanent qualities
• Some scholars have listed 40
• Others 14
• Imam Al Jazaree has selected 17 qualities

10. ْ‫ت‬َ‫ك‬َ‫س‬ ْ ٌ‫ص‬‫َخ‬‫ش‬ ْ‫ه‬َّ‫ث‬َ‫ح‬َ‫ف‬ Rest of the letters

13. Practice ‫ظ‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫ث‬
‫ظ‬ ‫ذ‬
‫ث‬
No air expelled
not letters of hams
Letters in which the sound runs on,
are letters of rakhawa
 A letter with air being expelled
is a letter of hams
 Also a letter with sound running on
is a letter of rakhawa

14. ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬‫ْع‬‫ن‬ِ‫ل‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ب‬ٍْ‫ط‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫د‬ ِ‫ج‬َ‫أ‬
Rest of letters
‫ش‬ ‫س‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬
‫ف‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ص‬
‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ه‬

15. ‫الشدة‬ ash-shiddah = strength
• Articulation point closes firmly
• Sound of the letter is imprisoned
• No air running except for ‫ك‬ ‫ت‬ - these are letters of
hams
• ْ‫ت‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ب‬ ٍ‫ط‬َ‫ق‬ ْ‫د‬ ِ‫ج‬َ‫أ‬
• ْ‫أ‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫ج‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫د‬ َ‫أ‬ ْ‫ق‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫ط‬ َ‫أ‬ ْ‫ب‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫ك‬ َ‫أ‬ ْ‫ت‬ َ‫أ‬

16. ‫سط‬ّ‫التو‬ at-tawassut = In between
• Articulation point does not completely close
• So the sound partially runs on
• ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ع‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ل‬

17. ‫الرخاوة‬ ar-rakhawa = softness
• Sound runs on
• Because articulation point is not firmly closed
• Rest of letters of alphabet
‫ش‬ ‫س‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬
‫ف‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ض‬ ‫ص‬
‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ‫ه‬

18. Al rakhawa and al hams
Tell me about these letters….
‫سكت‬ ‫شخص‬ ‫فحثه‬

19. ْ‫ت‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ب‬ٍْ‫ط‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫د‬ ِ‫ج‬َ‫أ‬ ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬‫ْع‬‫ن‬ِ‫ل‬ ْْْ‫ش‬‫ص‬ ‫س‬ ‫ز‬ ‫ذ‬ ‫خ‬ ‫ح‬ ‫ث‬
ْْْْْْْ‫ي‬ ‫و‬ ْ‫ه‬ ‫ف‬ ‫غ‬ ‫ظ‬ ‫ض‬
ْ‫ت‬َ‫ك‬َ‫س‬ ْ ٌ‫ص‬‫َخ‬‫ش‬ ْ‫ه‬َّ‫ث‬َ‫ح‬َ‫ف‬ ْْ‫أْْبْْجْْد‬ْ‫ذ‬‫رْزْضْْطْْظ‬
ْْ‫عْْغْْْقْْْلْْم‬‫ن‬‫وْْي‬

20. Voweled letters are all equal in length to each other
whichever characteristic or vowel they have
ُ‫ب‬ ِ‫ر‬ َ‫ش‬ (note: this is not a word)
Fruits of the characteristics
ash-shiddah, at-tawassut & ar-rakhawa

21. When letters are saakinah (no vowel)
there IS a difference in their timing
ash-shiddah - shortest
at-tawassut - slightly longer
ar-rakhawa - longest
ْ‫ب‬ ْ‫ر‬ ْ‫ش‬
Fruits of the characteristics
ash-shiddah, at-tawassut & ar-rakhawa

23. Practise
ْ‫تب‬ْ‫ت‬‫يد‬‫ا‬
‫ي‬ْ‫ج‬‫لون‬َ‫ع‬
‫ي‬ْ‫ؤ‬‫منون‬
‫ا‬ْ‫ل‬‫ح‬ْ‫م‬‫د‬
‫بْا‬َ‫ر‬ْ‫ل‬‫مين‬َ‫ل‬َ‫ع‬
‫الم‬ْ‫س‬‫تييم‬
‫الم‬ْ‫غ‬‫ضوب‬
‫الر‬ْ‫ح‬‫منن‬

24. Analyse each letter

25. ْ‫ت‬َ‫ك‬َ‫س‬ ٌ‫ص‬ْ‫َخ‬‫ش‬ ُ‫ه‬َّ‫ث‬َ‫ح‬َ‫ف‬
ْ‫د‬ ِ‫ج‬َ‫أ‬ٍ‫ط‬َ‫ق‬ْ‫ت‬َ‫ك‬َ‫ب‬
ْ‫ر‬َ‫م‬ُ‫ع‬ ْ‫ن‬ِ‫ل‬
Which sifaat are these for?

26. Which sifaat for each letter?
‫ا‬‫بْتْثْجْحْخْدْذ‬
‫رْزْسْشْصْضْطْظ‬
‫عْغْفْقْكْلْمْن‬
ْ‫هْوءْى‬