6. THE RHYTHMTHE RHYTHM
1.1 Definition:
Rhythm is an event happening at regular internals of
time
1.2 The rhythm:
The rhythm of speech is the regular occurrence of stressed
syllable at regular internals of time
Example:
1. He ar’rived ‘six o’clock
2. ‘Walk ‘down to the ‘path to the
'end of the ca’nal.
8. 2. ASSIMILATION2. ASSIMILATION
2.1 Definition:
Assimilation is the change in pronunciation of a
phoneme under the influence of its surrounding sounds.
Ex: 1. news /njuz/ but newspaper /nju/njusspeipə/peipə/
2.2. This year / ðij jiə/
3. Want to / w nə/ɔ
9. 2.2 Types of assimilation2.2 Types of assimilation
Assimilation
Direction of change
Consonant can
change
10. In term of direction of change
• Regressive assimilation:
The phoneme that comes first is affected by the one that
comes after it.
Example:
This year / ðij jiə /,
bright color /braik kalə/
light blue /laip blu/.
• Progressive assimilation:Progressive assimilation:
The phoneme that comes first affects the one that
comes after it.
Example:
those year / ðəʊʒ jiə
11. In the terms of consonant
change
CONSONANTCONSONANT
CHANGECHANGE
ASSIMILATION
PLACE OF
ARTICULATION
ASSIMILATION
MANNER
ASSIMILATION
OF VOICE
16. Assimilation of mannerAssimilation of manner
• Only regressive assimilation of alveolar consonant
NoteNote: /ð/ follow a plosive or nasal at the end of a preceding word
Eg: get them /get ðəm/ →→ /gettəm/
in the /in ðə/ →→ /inn/innə/
17. Assimilation of voiceAssimilation of voice
eg: I like that black dogeg: I like that black dog
/ ai laik ðæt blæk d g/ɔ
→ / ai laig ðæd blæg d g/ɔ
• Only regressive assimilation of voice
18. 3. Elision3. Elision
• Definition
Elision is the case of a sound realized as zero in
casual, rapid speech.
• There can be vowel elision and consonant
elision.
Example: vowel: tonight /tnait/
consonant: eight tins /eitins/
20. Rules of elisionRules of elision
c. Avoidance of complex
consonant cluster:
d. Loss of /v/ in “ofof” before
consonant
Example:
21. Weak form
Auxiliary
verbs
Strong Weak
do du: də
are :ɑ ə(r)*
was wɔz wəz
were w3:r wə
would Wud wəd
could Kud kəd
should ∫ud
kæn
∫əd
can kən
must m stʌ məs(t)
Strong Weak
Prepositio
ns
to tu: tə
for f :ɔ (r) fə(r)
from frɔm frəm
into Intu: Intə
of ov ə(v)
as æz əz
at æt ət
22. 4. Linking
Linking is the phenomenon where words or sounds are
linked together. There are 5 basic rules of linking.
Rules of linking:
24. 4. Linking
* Note: Sometimes listeners have ambiguity
in meaning with other words.
Example:
/maitrein/: my train or might rain
/aiskri:m/: Ice –cream or I scream