Production of bio-diesel along with different extraction techniques of Jatropha seed oil, ethanol blending of biodiesel and some characterizations

1. Production Of Biodiesel From Jatropha
Curcas Seeds
Department of Chemical Science and Engineering
Kathmandu University
Dhulikhel, Kavre
Presentation By:
Chaudhary Yuvraj
Gautam Saswat
Pokhrel Ayush
Solanki Nirbhay Singh
Upadhayay Darpan
Project Supervisor:
Dr.Rajendra Joshi
Head, Department of
Chemical Science and
Engineering

2. PRESENTATION HIGHLIGHTS
 Introduction
 Objectives
 Methodology
 Characterization
 Limitations
 Conclusion

3. INTRODUCTION
JATROPHA
• Shrub: 2 meters in height
• Oil: non-edible
• Perennial
• Seed production: 0.8 to 5.2 tons acre-1 annum-1
BIODIESEL
• Alternative fuel similar to fossil diesel
• Vegetable oil or animal fat-based diesel fuel
• Long-chain alkyl (methyl, ethyl, or propyl) esters
• Typically made by chemically reacting lipids
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
O
il Palm
C
oconut
Jatropha
R
apeseed
Peanut
Sunflow
er
Safflow
er
M
ustard
Soybean
C
orn
Gallons per acre

4. OBJECTIVES
 Extraction of oil from Jatropha curcas seed
 Production of biodiesel from the extracted oil
 Characterization of the produced biodiesel

5. EXTRACTION
 Three different types of extraction methods
were used:
• Chemical extraction
• Mechanical extraction
• Mechanical extraction using electrical
appliances

6. Chemical Extraction
 The seeds were grinded
 Methanol was added
 The mixture was left overnight, closed by
aluminium foil
 Then, left open to let methanol evaporate
 The process called leaching
 26.84 gm yielded from 130gm seed

7. Mechanical Extraction
 The seed was put into the expeller
 Burner was put below
 Handle was rotated
 Oil was collected on the container below
 38gm seed yielded 11.56gm oil

8. Mechanical extraction using electrical appliances
 Apparatus name: Electrical Home oil press
 Seed was put into the press and the press was
operated
 Operating temperature: 75-80 Degree Celsius
 328gm seed yielded 183.83 gm oil
 Most efficient and practical method
 Seed coat i.e.kernel of the seed had to be removed

9. ACID CATALYZED ESTERIFICATION
 Direct transesterification results in formation of soap
 Happens due to high Free Fatty acid (FFA) content
 Acid catalyzed esterification reduces FFA content
 Esterified oil is transesterified
Reaction

10. ACID CATALYZED ESTERIFICATION
 Amount of oil=30 ml
(Wt. 27.6 gm)
 Amount of Methanol=120
ml(Methanol to oil ratio: 4:1)
 Amount of H2SO4=0.276gm
(1% w/w to the oil)
 Amount of oil=158 ml
(Wt. 156.2 gm)
 Amount of Methanol=450 ml
(Methanol to oil ratio<3:1 ratio)
 Amount of H2SO4=3 gm
(2% w/w to the oil)
PROCESS I PROCESS II
Temperature= 65 Degree Celsius
The mixtures were agitated constantly

11. BASE CATALYZED TRANSESTERIFICATION
 Esterified oil was used
 Catalyst used: NaOH
 Final product had excess methanol
Reaction

12. BASE CATALYZED TRANSESTERIFICATION
PROCESS I
PROCESS II
 Temperature=60 deg.
Celsius
 Amount of Methanol=120
ml
(4:1 ratio)
 Amount of NaOH=0.99 gm
 Temperature=60 deg.
Celsius
 Amount of Methanol=474
ml
(3:1 ratio)
 Amount of NaOH=2 gm
OBSERVATIONS
OBSERVATIONS
After 120 hours,
 Upper layer : Biodiesel
 Lower layer: Glycerin
 Biodiesel Obtained: 75 ml
After 24 hours,
no layer was separated.

13.  Ethanol blending
 60% by amount of biodiesel
 Stirring and evaporating
BLENNDING OF BIODIESEL

14.  FFA(Free Fatty Acid) test for extracted oil
 Density of extracted oil
 Density of produced biodiesel
 Viscosity of produced biodiesel
 FourierTransform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy
CHARACTERIZATION

15. Viscosity of produced biodiesel
 Viscosity of reference liquid (Distilled water)=0.0091 poise at 25
 The time taken to freely flow from two points marked at the viscometer
distilled water= 29.5 seconds
- biodiesel= 450 seconds
 viscosity of biodiesel= 0.117 poise=11.7 centipoise
 Formula:
μ2 = μ1 x (t2*ρ2/t1*ρ1)
 μ-Viscosity
 t- Time
 Ρ- Density
 1- Distilled water
 2- Biodiesel

16. Density
 Micropipette was used
 For Oil,
Density=0.9 gm/cc
 For Biodiesel,
Density=0.84 gm/cc

17. Free Fatty Acid Test(FFA)
DATA:
 Concentration of NaOH=0.1 M=0.1 N (n-factor=1)
 Titre value(1st sample)=3.2 ml
 Titre value(2nd sample)=3.4 ml
 Average titre value= 3.3 ml
 Mass of sample= 0.9 gm
FORMULAS:
 acid value=
[(titre value x concentration of NaOH x Molecular weight of NaOH)]
Weight of sample
FFA=acid value/2
Result= 10.34%
 FFA=[(average titre value x N x 28.2)/weight of oil sample]
Result=10.28%

18. FourierTransform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy test
COMMENTS
For Ester containing,
• -C=O-,
Range: 1735-1750,
Intensity: Strong
• -C-O-,
Range: 1000-1300,
Intensity: Two bands or more
MECHANISM
RESULTS
• peak at 3332 cm-1 -> OH group
• peak at 1743 cm-1 -> Carbonyl group
• peak at 1111 cm-1 -> OCH3 group
• peaks from 1000 to 1743 cm-1 -> bending
and stretching phenomena
• no peak at 1380 cm-1 -> glycerol absent

19. Limitations
 Due to shortage of Helium gas in KU’s Environment Lab, GC/MS(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry)
couldn’t be performed
Purpose:To identify different substance within a liquid or volatile substance
Mechanism
 Unavailability of Cleveland Open Cup for flash point and fire point
Mechanism
 Unavailability of OptiMPP Analyzer for cloud point and pour point
Mechanism

20. Conclusions
 All the objective were met except some characterizations
 Biodiesel was produced
 % of ethanol should be increased to maintain viscosity
 We’ll be proceeding to our secondary objectives i.e. developing transesterification tank

21. THANK YOU
Acknowledgements:
Dr. K Y Park
Dept. of Chemical Science and Engineering
Dr. Dilip Rajak
Dept. of Chemical Science and Engineering
Dr. Paras Timalsina
Dept. of Biotechnology
Mr. Pancharam Tamang
Dept. of Chemical Science and Engineering

22. Pic. Reaction Mechanism of Base CatalyzedTransesterification
Continue

23. Pic. Reaction Mechanism of Acid Catalyzed Esterification
Continue

24. Vid.Working Mechanism of FTIR CONTINUE

25. Pic. Working Mechanism of GC-MS(Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry)
Continue

26. Pic.Working mechanism of Cleveland Open Cup
CONTINUE

27. Pic.Working mechanism of OptiMPP Analyser CONTINUE