Electrical Supply & Distribution : Single phase vs Three phase supply

1. ELECTRICAL
SUPPLY &
DISTRIBUTIONS
CHIN KWOK YIAN LIM CHIN SHEN KOAY JING TING WONG YONG LE
WAN YEE LEN CHIA LI YANG CH’NG ZUHAO

2. Q1 : SHOW A DIAGRAM OF A SIMPLE BUILDING WITH
SINGLE PHASE & 3-PHASE SUPPLIES/WIRING
WHAT IS SINGLE PHASE SUPPLIES
?
The single phase requires two wires for
completing the circuit, i.e., the conductor
and the neutral. The conductor carries the
current and the neutral is the return path of
the current. The single phase supplies the
voltage up to 230 volts. It is mostly used for
running the small appliances like a fan,
cooler, grinder, heater, etc.
Single phase power is:
o Used in most homes and small businesses
o Able to supply ample power for most smaller customers, including homes
and small, non-industrial businesses
o Adequate for running motors up to about 5 horsepower; a single phase
motor draws significantly more current than the equivalent 3-phase motor,
making 3-phase power a more efficient choice for industrial applications
LIM CHIN SHEN

3. Q1 : SHOW A DIAGRAM OF A SIMPLE BUILDING WITH
SINGLE PHASE & 3-PHASE SUPPLIES/WIRING
WHAT IS THREE PHASE SUPPLIES
?
The three phase system consist four wires,
three conductors and one neutral. The
conductors are out of phase and space
120º apart from each other. The three
phase system is also used as a single
phase system. For the low load, one phase
and neutral can be taken from the three
phase supply.
3-Phase power is:
o Common in large businesses, as well as industry and manufacturing
around the globe
o Increasingly popular in power-hungry, high-density data centres
o Expensive to convert from an existing single phase installation, but 3-phase
allows for smaller, less expensive wiring and lower voltages, making it safer
and less expensive to run
o Highly efficient for equipment designed to run on 3-phase
CHIN KWOK YIAN

4. Q1 : SHOW A DIAGRAM OF A SIMPLE BUILDING WITH
SINGLE PHASE & 3-PHASE SUPPLIES/WIRING
A power station is an
industrial facility for the
generation of electrical
power
Transmission line carry
the electricity from a long
distance.
Transformer on poles
step down electricity
before it enters houses.
The distribution line is
use to carry the
electricity to the house.
A transformer is a static electrical
device that transfers electrical
energy between two or more
circuits through electromagnetic
induction.
LIM CHIN SHEN

5. Q1 : SHOW A DIAGRAM OF A SIMPLE BUILDING WITH
SINGLE PHASE & 3-PHASE SUPPLIES/WIRING
CASE STUDY 1 – SINGLE PHASE
SUPPLIES
Substation located
in Taman Harmoni
Name : Mic-Co Engineering Sdn Bhd
Address : No 12, Jalan Taming 3, Taman
Taming Jaya, 43300, Belakong, Selangor,
Transformer in the
house
Distribution Panel
of the house
CHIN KWOK YIAN

6. Q1 : SHOW A DIAGRAM OF A SIMPLE BUILDING WITH
SINGLE PHASE & 3-PHASE SUPPLIES/WIRING
CASE STUDY 1 – SINGLE PHASE
SUPPLIES
Substation located
in Cheras Perdana
No.1
House located in Cheras Perdana
Transformer in
front the alley of
the house
Distribution Panel
of the house
CHIN KWOK YIAN

7. Q2: ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES OF
SINGLE PHASE SYSTEM

8. SINGLE PHASE WIRING
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Simple circuit Higher maintenance fee
More preferable for domestic use
Motor requires capacitors and/or switches
(conductors materials)
Cheaper in terms of distribution system in rural
areas
Less efficient with its transferal of power
Quick installation of the single phase distribution
system
Requires larger electrical current
Does not require the balancing of the load as the
load balancing is required in 3 phase system
Experience more interruption in electrical flow
Much more advantageous than 3 phase system Shorter lifespan
KOAY JING TING

9. Q2: ADVANTAGES &
DISADVANTAGES OF 3-
PHASE SYSTEM

10. 3-PHASE WIRING
ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
Higher Rating - nearly 1.5 times the rating (output)
of a single phase
Greater cost of standby Units
Costs less than tat of same capacity Increased cost and inconvenience of repairs
In 3 phase two different voltages can be obtained
In Single Phase transformer ( three Single Phase
Transformer) failure of one transformer, the other
two, Single Phase Transformer still supply the
power, while it is not possible in case of failing a
Three Phase Transformer
3 phase is self starting which is useful in motors
Size is smaller compared with same capacity
Less power loss hence transmitters same amount
of power
WONG YONG LE

11. Q3 : CONCLUSION BASE ON ITEM 2)FACTS GIVEN; AS A
QS GIVE YOUR OPINION IN TERM OF COSTING
APPROACH
WHY THREE PHASE IS PREFERRED OVER SINGLE PHASE ?
o Acts as three single phase system
o Using a three phase power arrangement saves on electrical construction
costs
o Three phase power circuits provide 1.732 (the square root of 3) times more
power with the same circuit
o Size or metal quantity of three phase devices is not having much difference
o The transformer will be almost same size for both single phase and three
phase
Waveform of power produced by single phase supply and 3-phase supply at unity power factor
WAN YEE LEN

12. INSTALLATION PROCEDURE
WAN YEE LEN

13. WAN YEE LEN

14. Factors affect cost to upgrade
○ Number of
plug points
◈ Size of your
distribution board
◈ Type and number
of equipment using
such as
airconditioners,
ovens, and water
heater
WAN YEE LEN

15. SINGLE PHASE AC SYSTEM
Single-phase generator (also known as single-phase alternator) is an alternating
current electrical generator that produces a single, continuously alternating voltage.
Power = Voltage x Current
Generator Frequency :50-60hz
Voltage 120v or 230v
Types : Single phase two-wire system and
single-phase three wire system
Wiring : Current will flow through one power wire and there will be a return path
called the neutral wire to complete the circuit.
CHIA LI YANG

16. THREE PHASE AC SYSTEM
It is the distribution of AC electric power that combines three alternating currents.
The voltage in these 3 windings are 120 degree apart in time-phase.
Generator frequency 50-60hz
Voltage : carry 415v
Wiring : current will flow through three power
wires and a neutral wire
Types : Delta configuration (240vor 480v)
Wye configuration ( 120/240v or 240v/480v)
Three phase four wire system (120v/208v or 277/480v)
CHIA LI YANG

17. SITUATION FOR EACH PHASE
Situation for single phase
Single storey terrace. Because it had been considered as low budgeting houses. So,
developer just put on assumption on them as people can’t afford many air cond units and
other high power consumption equipment which are expensive as well. The reason that
developer choose single phase distribution system, it is because that the installation process
of it is fast.
Situation for 3 phase
Modernized house (bungalow & semi d). As it is modernized house, most types of houses
are run in 3 phase, because those types of houses have more rooms, so that people will own
more air cond units and heater units in the house, which the power consumption of them are
high. As the house is running many appliances at once, it should be using 3 phase. The
benefits of 3 phase is it delivered energy through 3 lines, so that when blackout happens, the
other two lines still wont get affect.
Additional info
No matter which phase people are using, power frequently tripping, power trips when plug
into specific or damaged plug point or power trips when turn on some specific appliances,
none of single phase or 3 phase can solve. Power trips mostly caused by earth wire or ELCB
(Earth-Leaking Circuit Breaker) aren't working properly
CH’NG ZUHAO

18. THANK YOU!