1.
YU Yau Hing/ Hong Kong

2.
+ Brain Drain: transfer of talents from a less
developed country to a developed one
through temporary or permanent migration
+ Lead to indirect net transfer of capitals
+ Way out:
– Resolve fundamental weaknesses of less
developed countries
– Utilize brain drain constructively

3.
+ Globalization has significantly attributed to the reduction of
limitation of human migration
+ internal migrant stock in 2013 has increased by half to
231.5 million with reference to 1990 (OECD & UNDESA,
2013)
+ Eurasian and African emigrants accounted for 10.6% and
59.6% of the entire share respectively
+ Southern Countries: political instability, poorer
development
+ Attraction of talents has been vigorous

4.
+ South-to-North migration
+ Cases in Eurasia and Africa
+ Labour migration, seasonal migration and
impelled migration and forced migration
(excluding asylum seekers and the stateless)
+ Documented and orderly migration assumed
+ Political, developmental and nationalistic
issues are focused

5.
+ Literature Review
+ Contemporary international cases

6.
A. Political Status
- National and Public Security
- Corruption
B. Developmental Basis
- Clear Developmental Goal
- Key Centre of Development
C. Nationality
- National Consciousness
- Cultural Attraction

7.
+ Forced migration due to
+ Political instability (national security)
– Casualty
– Damage of premise and property
– E.g. Ukraine + Iraq and Syria
+ Prolonged criminal offences (public security)
– Drug smuggling, human trafficking, kidnapping
– E.g. South Africa, 60% of men and 49% of women desire
to leave for more than 2 years (Dodsan, 2002)

8.
+ To maintain its integrity and public security
+ To prove the community is safe to stay at
+ To avoid the country becoming ‘failing state’/ To
remove the country from the list of ‘failing state’
+ To fight against national and transnational crime
+ To be accomplished by:
– Suffering countries
– Regional organizations
– International bodies

9.
+ Social equity is an extensive core value
+ Corruption brings out inequality and poverty
+ E.g. Bribery in China between government officials
and developers over the land use
+ Citizens feel insecure about their rights and lose
confidence to judicial system
+ Solution:
– To establish unique anti-corruption department
– To authorize it with power to investigate

10.
+ Economic prosperity, including employment
condition, poverty, technological basis and
international trading, of country of origin
decide its ability in holding human capital
+ Talents have the ability and willingness to
achieve higher economic status

11.
+ To prove a countries is ambitious to make
improvement
+ E.g. Kazakhstan 2050 strategy + Singaporean
development since 1960s
+ To retain human capitals
+ To attract immigrants as the provision of
workforce and technology

12.
+ Key centre of development: a city or town
with particular focus to invest
+ E.g. Special Economic Zones of Shenzhen and
Hainan in China
+ Farmer in Rural area can work as a labourer in
Urban area, within the country
+ To switch external migration to internal
migration
+ To retain workforce in national level

13.
+ Brain Drain, in form of temporary migration,
can be beneficial to national development by
introduction of technologies and brand-new
perspectives
+ Negative side: from temporary migration to
permanent migration
+ E.g. Uzbeks to Russia due to higher living
standard, chain migration maybe facilitated

14.
+ To have frequent connection with immigrants,
diasporas and expatriates
+ To emphasize in national identity
+ To facilitate cirular migration with economic
and cultural incentives
+ To propagandize national employment and
development opportunities + update of
national news
+ To demonstrate a sense of welcome

15.
+ Reason of cultural promotion: facilitate export of
national culture and costumes leading to the interest
of people to stay and work
+ E.g. Korea
+ Cultural promotion can:
– Prosper tourism and related industries
– Give a viable and livable image to diasporas and foreigners
+ Solution:
– To consider cultural promotion as one of the main strategy
to keep the competitiveness in inhabitation for migrants
and foreigners
– To fully express its unique civilization on heritage, dinning
habit and any others features

16.
+ Human capitals serve as the foundation of
national flourish due to the ability to provide
workforce and innovations that nations compete
+ Southern nations may suffer from conflicts and
economic recession leading to massive brain
drain
+ Therefore, national weaknesses should be
addressed with proactive measures to retain and
attract intelligentsia
– To give confidence to locals
– To provide stable condition for development
– To attract non-locals to inhabit