William R. Kramer is a researcher who has published works and presented papers on topics related to outer space exploration, extraterrestrial life, and the ethical considerations of colonizing other planets like Mars. Some of his publications include articles in Space Policy and the Journal of the British Interplanetary Society. He has also received grants from Samsung and NASA to present seminars and participate in a Mars habitat simulation.

1. William R. Kramer
Frederick, Maryland
Publications
Outer Space, Alien Life and IP Protocols - An opportunity to rethink life patents.
Chapter 37 in, "The SAGE Handbook of Intellectual Property."
2015. SAGE Publishing
Extraterrestrial Environmental Impact Assessments - A foreseeable prerequisite for wise
decisions regarding outer space exploration, research and development.
Space Policy. Vol. 30 Issue 4. pp 215-222. November 2014
To humbly go -- Guarding against perpetuating models of colonization in the 100-Year Starship
Study.
Journal of the British Interplanetary Society, Vol. 67, No. 5. pp 180-186
May 2014
Colonizing Mars - An Opportunity for reconsidering bioethical standards and obligation to
future generations. Futures 43 (2011) 545-551.
Keeping Mars Clean, Science 324(5932): 1265-1266, June 5. 2009.
Formal presentations and teaching
Outer Space as an Opportunity to Re-define Concepts of Geopolitical Borders. Formal paper
presented at the Second Manfred Lachs Conference on Space Law, Montreal, Canada, 2014.
Giving Voice to the Extraterrestrial -- Providing legal standing to the unknown. Formal paper
presented at the 2014 CONTACT Conference, Sunnyvale, CA, 2014.
Ethics and ET. Formal seminar. International Space University, Strasbourg, France. 2014
2014 - The year we make contact. YouTube Interview for ThinkTech Hawaii, 2014
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ld5DTQ-v8ds
Ethics and ET. Formal seminar and workshop. International Space University, Strasbourg,
France. 2013
The Present and Future “We”- The role of technology in expanding the sphere of ethical
consideration . Formal paper. World Futures Studies Federation, Bucharest, Romania.
Astrobiology Futures - The opportunity of space. Formal seminar. University of Hawaii,
Honolulu, Hawaii, 2013.

2. To humbly go -- Guarding against perpetuating models of colonization in the
100-Year Starship Study. Formal paper. 100-Year Starship Symposium, Orlando, FL, 2011.
The Futures of Bioethics. Symposium for Korean media professionals. Honolulu, HI. 2011.
Extraterrestrial Exploration – New Beginnings or Perpetuation of Colonial Models? Formal
paper. Conference on Ethnic Studies, University of California, Riverside, California, 2010
Christmas on Mars -- Engineering Challenges of a Mars Habitat Simulation.
Seminar. Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Pacific, Honolulu, Hawaii 2010.
Ethical opportunities presented by the discovery of extraterrestrial life. Formal paper. Mars
Society Annual Conference, Dayton, Ohio, 2010.
Mars Desert Research Station -- Defined and Subtle Purposes of a Simulated Mars Habitat.
Seminar. Hawaii Pacific University, Honolulu, Hawaii, 2010.
Grants and honoraria
Source: Samsung Corporation, Seoul, Korea. Honorarium for formal seminar presentation. 2011.
Source: NASA, to participate as the Mission Commander for a two-week simulation of living
and conducting research on the surface of Mars; Mars Desert Research Station, Utah, 2009.