The document discusses the Little Ice Age, a period of cooling from the 14th to 19th centuries. It may have been caused by increased volcanic activity, ocean currents, or decreased sunspots. During this time, average temperatures dropped by 2-4 degrees Fahrenheit. In 1816, extremely cold weather led to a "year without a summer." The Little Ice Age impacted history by destroying crops in Europe and facilitating the spread of plague. It also contributed to the conditions that weakened Napoleon's army during his 1812 invasion of Russia.
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