Slides for General Science and Ability for CSS and PMS Exam on the topic of Avalanche. Here you will find What is Avalanche and the Causes of Avalanches. Following has been discussed in these slides notes: 1. Typed of avalanche. 2. Avalanche Hazard Triangle. 3. Causes of Avalanche. 4. Effects of After Avalanche.

1. AVALANCHE
General Science and ability
CSS All in One
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2. What will be studied in this lecture
• Definition of avalanches?
• Types of avalanches.
• Causes of Avalanches.
• Effects of Avalanches.
• Management of Avalanches.
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3. What is an avalanche?
• An avalanche is a rapid flow of snow down a hill or
mountainside.
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4. Types of Avalanche
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5. Avalanche Hazard
Triangle
People
Avalanche
Hazard!
?
?
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6. • Weather: wind direction and speed, temperature,
snowfall
• Terrain: Slope angle, slope shape, vegetation
• Snowpack: Stability of snow layers
• Human Factors
what causes avalanches?
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7. Causes
• Heavy snowfall is the first, since it deposits snow in unstable
areas and puts pressure on the snow-pack.
• Heavy snowstorms are more likely to cause avalanches. The
24 hours after a storm are considered to be the most critical.
• Precipitation during the summer months is the leading cause
of wet snow avalanches.
• Humans have contributed to the start of many avalanches in
recent years. Winter sports that require steep slopes often
put pressure on the snow-pack which it cannot deal.
• The heavy deforestation and soil erosion in mountain
regions, gives the snow little stability in the winter months.
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8. Causes
• The use of vehicles and snowmobiles creates vibrations
within the snow that it cannot withstand.
• The other is construction work done with explosives, which
tend to weaken the entire surrounding area.
• Layers of snow build-up and slide down the mountain at a
faster rate on steep slopes.
• Skiers stepping onto fragile snow packs
• Animals digging through the snow packs
• Earthquakes or tremors
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9. The majority of avalanches occur
on slopes between 30°- 45°
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10. Effects of Avalanche
• Loss of Life:
• Loss of Property
• Traffic blockage and road damage:
• Floods:
• Impact on Tourism:.
• Loss of Flora and Fauna:
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11. Management of Avalanche
• Land use planning.
• Landslide hazard, vulnerability, and risk assessment:
• Multi-hazard conceptualization:
• Research and development, monitoring and early
warning:
• Knowledge network and management:
• Capacity building and training:
• Public awareness and education:
• Emergency preparedness and response:
• Afforestation:
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12. Dense trees can act as “anchors”
and points of safety
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13. Thank You
By CSS All in One
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