2. Introduction
• Clean Development
Mechanism(CDM) is a
unique instrument based
on understanding and
cooperation among the
nations for adopting a
new outlook for
economic activities
aiming at protecting the
world eco-system.
3. Kyoto protocol
Industrialization since 18th century, generation of
Green House Gases has resulted in progressive
global warming.
Kyoto Protocol drafted at Kyoto, in 1992 to combat
global climate change .
Joint implementation (Developed Countries)
Clean Development Mechanism (Developing
Countries)
International Emission Trading (Emission Credit
through special market)
4. CDM objectives
To assist developing countries in achieving sustainable
development & in contributing to ultimate objectives of
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change
(UNFCCC )
To assist developing countries in achieving compliance
with their qualified emission limit & reduction
commitments.
5. Indian scenario
• Formation of an Advisory Group on Climate
Change under Ministry of Environment and
Forest (MoEF) which is the nodal agency on
climate change issue in India.
• Energy Sector is main CO2 emitter accounting
for 87% of CO2 emissions.
• Biomass burning and agriculture sector main
source of NOx emission.
• GHG emission in India is 3% of the world.
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Because of high potential of GHG reduction, India can
avail new opportunity through CDM projects.
India can capture 10% of Global CDM mark.
Annual revenue estimated range from US$ 10 million
to 330 million
7. CDM Options
Projects prioritised for CDM
Coal power plant using IGCC (Integrated Gasification
Combined Cycle)
Coal Power Plant using PFBC (Pressurised Fluidised
Bed Combustion)
Renovation and Modernization of Power Plants
Wind based power generation
Solar Thermal Energy for Power generation
Underground Coal gasification technology projects
8. continue
Wind Pumps for agriculture
Direct reduction process in the iron & steel industry
Continuous pulp digesters in the pulp & paper
industry
Demand side management by efficient motors
9. barriers
Clear methodologies yet to be defined.
Procedures and process still to be finalised.
Others barriers perceived by many countries are
Lack of awareness
Financial barriers due to present low and uncertain
returns
Technology barriers
Institutional barriers
Infrastructure limitations
High transaction cost
10. Small scale projects
The following categories of projects qualify for fast-
track approval procedure
Renewable Energy projects with minimum output
capacity equivalent up to 15 MW
Energy efficiency improvements which reduce energy
consumption on supply or demand side by up to 15
Gwh/yr
Other project activities that both reduce emission and
directly emit less than 15kt of CO2 annually.
11. Horizon for Renewables
Multi technology development programmes initiated
by GOI define best options for GHG emission
reductions.
MNES suggested for a study and development of
overall methodology for Renewable Energy Project
under CDM.
Wind, Solar, Hydel & Biomass Projects suggested to be
brought under positive list of CDM.
12. National Issues Related to CDM
National Institutional Structure
Synergy between CDM projects and National
Sustainable Development Priorities
Establishment of Sustainable Development Criteria
