For an Executive Summary of this report please contact ediz.ibrahim@visiongain.com (+44 (0)20 7549 9976) or refer to our website http://www.visiongain.com/Report/1195/Parkinson%27s-Disease-World-Drug-Industry-and-Market-2014-2024
2. Contents
1. Executive Summary
1.1 Parkinson’s Disease Therapy: World Market Overview to 2024
1.2 Chapter Outlines
1.3 Research and Analysis Methods
2. Introduction to Parkinson’s Disease and its Treatments
2.1 What Causes Parkinson’s?
2.2 Motor Symptoms of Parkinson’s Disease
2.2.1 Tremor: The First Sign of PD
2.2.2 Uncontrolled Muscle Contractions Cause Rigidity
2.2.3 Bradykinesia: The Most Characteristic Feature of Parkinson’s
2.2.4 Postural Instability Manifests as PD Progresses
2.3 Neuropsychiatric Symptoms are Common in PD Patients
2.3.1 Behavioural Deficits are Often the Most Widespread
2.3.2 Cognitive Impairment Impede Daily Tasks
2.3.3 Autonomic Dysfunction: Another Common Occurrence
2.4 Other Symptoms Associated with Parkinson’s
2.5 Parkinson's Disease: Diagnosis and Treatment
2.5.1 Diagnosis is Difficult
2.5.2 Treatment Options – Therapeutic Classes
3. Parkinson’s Disease: World Drugs Market, 2014-2024
3.1 Sales of the Overall World PD Drugs Market, 2013-2024
3.2 Parkinson’s Disease: Market Segmentation, 2012
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3. Contents
3.3 Overall PD Drug Market: Commercial Drivers and Restraints
3.4 Dopaminergic Agents: Foundation of PD Treatment
3.4.1 Levodopa Therapy
3.4.2 Patent Expiries Affect the Market
3.4.3 New Levodopa Therapies on the Horizon
3.4.4 Dopaminergic Agents: Market Projections to 2024
3.5 Dopamine Receptor Agonists: The Leading Class in 2013
3.5.1 Dopamine Agonists: A Front Line Drug
3.5.2 Advantages over L-Dopa Therapy
3.5.3 Leading Drugs in the Segment
3.5.4 Thin R&D Pipeline in That Segment
3.5.5 Dopamine Receptor Agonists: Market Projections, 2014-2024
3.6 Catechol-O-Methyl Transferase (COMT) Inhibitors: A Popular Choice of Treatment
3.6.1 Entacapone: The Leading Drug in this Segment
3.6.2 Commercial Scope for COMT Inhibitors
3.6.3 COMT Inhibitors: Market Projections, 2014-2024
3.7 Are Monoamine Oxidase–B (MAO-B) Inhibitors Better Than COMT?
3.7.1 MAO-B Inhibitor Therapeutics in the Market
3.7.2 New MAO-B Products in Development
3.7.3 MAO-B Inhibitors: Market Projections, 2014-2024
3.7.4 Other Mechanisms of Action: A Growing Opportunity
3.7.5 A Broad and Diverse Segment
3.7.5.1 Anticholinergics Therapeutics: The Oldest Class of PD Drugs
3.7.5.2 Glutamate Antagonists: Not A Popular Choice
3.7.6 Other Drugs in the Market
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4. Contents
3.7.7 The Pipeline Offers Disease Modifying Potential
3.7.8 Other Mechanisms of Action: Market Projections, 2014-2024
4. Leading Companies in the PD Drug Market, 2014
4.1 PD: The Most Important Therapy Area for Orion Pharmaceuticals
4.1.1 Market Forecast for Comtan/Stalevo, 2014-2024
4.2 Teva’s Azilect Continues to Grow
4.2.1 Market Forecast for Azilect, 2014-2024
4.3 UCB’s Leading Neupro Patch Drug
4.3.1 Market Forecast for Neupro, 2014-2024
4.4 Other Market Players
5. The Leading National Markets, 2014-2024
5.1 Regional Breakdown of the World PD Drug Market, 2012
5.2 The World PD Drug Market: Regional Forecasts to 2024
5.3 The PD Drug Market in the US: The Largest Single National Market
5.3.1 Market Projections for The US, 2014-2024
5.4 The PD Drug Market in the Five Leading European National Markets (EU5), 2014-2024
5.4.1 Market Projections for the EU5, 2014-2024
5.4.2 EU5 Breakdown by Country, 2012
5.4.3 Market Projection for EU5 Countries, Regional Breakdown
5.4.4 Germany: The Largest EU5 Market
5.4.4.1 Predictions for the German PD Drug Market, 2014-2024
5.4.5 France: Strong Healthcare System – What’s Possible There?
5.4.5.1 Predictions for the French PD Drug Market, 2014-2024
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5. Contents
5.4.6 UK’s Spending Restrictions Affect the PD Drugs Market
5.4.6.1 Predictions for the UK PD Drug Market, 2014-2024
5.4.7 Spain – What Effects Will Austerity Have on PD Drug Sales?
5.4.7.1 Predictions for the Spanish PD Drug Market, 2014-2024
5.4.8 The PD Drug Market in Italy: Rising Ageing Population
5.4.8.1 Predictions for the Italian PD Drug Market, 2014-2024
5.5 Japan has the Highest Proportion of Over-65s in the World
5.5.1 Predictions for Japanese PD Drug Market, 2014-2024
5.6 PD Drug Market in Emerging Countries: Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRIC)
5.6.1 Breakdown of BRIC Revenues by Country, 2012
5.6.2 Market Projections for BRIC Nations’ PD Drug Sales, 2014-2024
5.6.3 Brazil’s Rapid Growth of the Pharma Market – What’s the Future?
5.6.4 Russia’s Growing Middle-Class Gives Pharma Sales Opportunities
5.6.5 India: Generic Manufacturers Seek to Dominate the PD Market
5.6.6 China’s Ageing Population Stimulates Sales of PD-Treating Medicines
6. Research and Development for Treating Parkinson’s Disease
6.1 New Mechanisms of Action in the Late-Stage R&D Pipeline
6.2 Growing Potential of Marketed Products: Phase IV Studies
6.3 Phase III Clinical Products Promising Potential in the PD market
6.3.1 Rytary (Impax Laboratories): The New Generation of Levodopa
6.3.1.1 Reformulations of Levodopa: Important Aspect of Therapy
6.3.2 Newron’s Safinamide Expected Launch in 2014
6.3.3 Pimavanserin: A First-in-Class Treatment for Parkinson's Disease Psychosis
6.3.4 Istradefylline: A Promising A(2a) Receptor Antagonist
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6. Contents
6.3.5 Termination of Preladenant, A Promising A(2a) Receptor Antagonist
6.3.6 Levodopa/Carbidopa Intestinal Gel (LCIG)
6.3.7 Can Opicapone Compete with Existing COMT Inhibitors
6.3.8 Pitolisant: Addressing an Unmet Need
6.3.9 Northera: Oral Precursor of Norepinephrine
6.3.10 Targin by Mundipharm
6.3.11 Nurelin for Levodopa-Induced Dyskinesia
6.3.12 SYN-115: Superior to Istradefylline?
6.4 Phase II PD Pipeline: Overview
6.4.1 Glutamatergic Drugs: Main Target for Pipeline Candidates
6.4.1.1 AFQ056 vs Dipraglurant
6.4.2 Fipamezole: Another Promising A(2a) Receptor Antagonist
6.4.3 CVT-301: A Novel Intrapulmonary Approach
6.4.4 DM-1992: Can Compete with Levodopa Reformulations?
6.4.5 The Accordion Pill Carbidopa/Levodopa by Intec Pharma
6.4.6 Orient Addresses Sialorrhoea
6.4.7 NH004: Formulated with a Muco-Adhesive Property
6.4.8 VR040: A Reformulation of Apomorphine
6.4.9 AVP-923: A Novel Approach for LID-PD
6.4.10 PD Giant Orion, Develop a New Levodopa Drug, ODM-101
6.4.11 News for NeuroDerm’s Reformulations
6.5 Phase I and Pre-clinical PD Pipeline: Overview
6.5.1 Vernalis’ A(2a) Receptor Antagonist Drug in Phase Ib/IIa
6.5.2 Sanofi Collaborates with The Michael J. Fox Foundation
6.5.3 UCL Show Exenatide Potential in Parkinson’s
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7. Contents
6.5.4 Titan Pharmaceuticals Develop a Novel Platform
6.6 Neuroprotective Drugs Offer Hope
6.6.1 Isradipine by The Parkinson Study Group
6.6.2 Phytopharm and Cogane Development
6.6.3 The Potential of Dietary Supplements
6.6.4 GCase Enzymes: Amicus and Biogen Strike A Deal for Parkinson’s
6.6.5 Research Finds Ursodeoxycholic Acid (UDCA) A Potential Cure for Parkinson’s
6.6.6 PD Biomarkers: Potential for Revolutionising Diagnosis and Treatment
6.6.7 Antibody Targeting: The Coming of Age
6.7 Gene Therapy: Promising Research and Technology
6.7.1 ProSavin: Leading Gene Therapy Product
6.7.2 CERE-120 Promises Repair of Damaged Dopaminergic Neurons
6.7.3 AAV-hAADC-2: Another Gene Therapy Contender
6.8 Parthenogenesis (International Stem Cell Corporation): A Promising Outlook for PD
Technology
7. Qualitative Analysis of the PD Drug Market, 2014
7.1 SWOT Analysis of the PD Market
7.1.1 Strengths and Weaknesses in the PD Drug Industry in 2014
7.1.2 Opportunities and Threats There from 2014 Onwards
7.2 STEP Analysis of the PD Market
7.2.1 Social Implication of Living with PD
7.2.2 Technological Developments on the Horizon
7.2.3 Economic Pressures: Healthcare Budgeting
7.2.4 Political Issues: Patent Challenges, Data Exclusivity and Regulatory Pathways
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8. Contents
8. Research Interviews
8.1 Interview with Dr. Simon Craw, International Stem Cell Corporation, California, US
8.1.1 The Overall PD Market
8.1.2 Current Understanding of Stem Cell Therapy
8.1.3 ISCO’s Novel PD Programme
8.1.4 The Potential of Immune-Matching
8.1.5 The Controversy Surrounding Stem Cell Research
8.1.6 The Potential for Parthenogenesis in PD and Other Applications
8.2 Interview with Dr Neal Farber, CEO, NeuroHealing Pharmaceuticals, Massachusetts, US
8.2.1 Advantages of Anticholinergics over Current Treatment Methods
8.2.2 Application of NH004 In Other Neurological Diseases
8.2.3 Improving Quality of Life
9. Conclusions from the Research and Analysis
9.1 The World PD Medicines Market: Predictions to 2024
9.2 Which Drug Class will Dominate the Market in 2024?
9.3 Disease Modification: The Ultimate Goal
9.4 The Future of the Industry and Market for Parkinson’s Medicines
Appendices
About Visiongain’s Bespoke Research Service
Appendix A: About Visiongain
Appendix B: Visiongain Report Evaluation Form
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11. Contents
Table 5.11 German PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%),
2013-2018
Table 5.12 German PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%),
2019-2024
Table 5.13 French PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%),
2013-2018
Table 5.14 French PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%),
2019-2024
Table 5.15 UK PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 20132018
Table 5.16 UK PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 20192024
Table 5.17 Spanish PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%),
2013-2018
Table 5.18 Spanish PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%),
2019-2024
Table 5.19 Italian PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%),
2013-2018
Table 5.20 Italian PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%),
2019-2024
Table 5.21 Japanese PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%),
2013-2018
Table 5.22 Japanese PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%),
2019-2024
Table 5.23 BRIC PD Drug Market Revenue ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 20132018
Table 5.24 BRIC PD Drug Market Revenue ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%), 20192024
Table 5.25 BRIC Regional Breakdown by Country, Revenues ($m), Market Shares (%), 2012
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12. Contents
Table 5.26 BRIC PD Drug Market Breakdown by Country, Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%),
Market Share (%), 2013-2018
Table 5.27 BRIC PD Drug Market Breakdown Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share
(%), 2019-2024
Table 5.28 Brazilian PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%),
2013-2018
Table 5.29 Brazilian PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%),
2019-2024
Table 5.30 Russian PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%),
2013-2018
Table 5.31 Russian PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%),
2019-2024
Table 5.32 Indian PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%),
2013-2018
Table 5.33 Indian PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%),
2019-2024
Table 5.34 Chinese PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%),
2013-2018
Table 5.35 Chinese PD Drug Market Revenues ($m), AGR (%), CAGR (%), Market Share (%),
2019-2024
Table 6.1 Late-Stage PD Pipeline, 2013
Table 6.2 Reformulations of Levodopa and Other Dopaminergic Agents in Development, 2013
Table 6.3 Phase II PD Pipeline, 2013
Table 6.4 Glutamatergic PD Pipeline, 2013
Table 6.5 Early-Stage Developments for PD, 2013
Table 6.6 Selected Gene Therapies in the PD Pipeline, 2013
Table 7.1 Parkinson’s Disease Drug Market: Strengths and Weaknesses, 2014
Table 7.2 Parkinson’s Disease Drug Market: Opportunities and Threats, 2014-2024
Table 7.3 PD Drug Market: STEP Analysis, 2014
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13. Contents
List of Figures
Figure 3.1 World PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2012-2024
Figure 3.1 World PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2012-2024
Figure 3.2 PD Market Segmentation ($m), Market Shares (%), 2012
Figure 3.3 PD Drug Market Breakdown by Segment, Revenues ($m), 2013-2024
Figure 3.4 PD Drug Market, Drivers and Restraints, 2014-2024
Figure 3.5 Dopaminergic Agents Segment Forecast, Revenues ($m), 2013-2024
Figure 3.6 Dopaminergic Agents Market: Drivers and Restraints, 2014-2024
Figure 3.7 Dopamine Receptor Agonists Segment Forecast, Revenues ($m), 2013-2024
Figure 3.8 Dopamine Receptor Agonists Market, Drivers and Restraints, 2014-2024
Figure 3.9 COMT Inhibitors Segment Forecast, Revenues ($m), 2013-2024
Figure 3.10 COMT Inhibitors Market, Drivers and Restraints, 2014-2024
Figure 3.11 MAO Inhibitors Segment Forecast, Revenues ($m), 2013-2024
Figure 3.12 MAO Inhibitors Market, Drivers and Restraints, 2014-2024
Figure 3.13 Other Mechanisms of Action Segment Forecast, Revenues ($m), 2013-2024
Figure 3.14 Other Mechanisms of Action, Market Drivers and Restraints, 2014-2024
Figure 4.1 Revenues ($m) of Parkinson’s Drugs by Leading Company, 2010-2012
Figure 4.2 Orion’s Comtan/Stalevo Drug Revenues ($m) Forecast, 2013-2024
Figure 4.3 Teva’s Azilect Drug Revenues Forecast, 2013-2024
Figure 4.4 UCB’s Neupro Drug Revenues Forecast, 2013-2024
Figure 5.1 PD Market Breakdown by Region, Revenues ($m), Market Shares (%), 2012
Figure 5.2 PD Drug Market Breakdown by Region, Revenues ($m), 2013-2024
Figure 5.3 US Over-65 Population as Percentage of Overall Population, 2012-2024
Figure 5.4 US PD Drug Market, Revenue Forecast ($m), 2013-2024
Figure 5.5 EU5 PD Drug Market, Revenue ($m), 2013-2024
Figure 5.6 EU5 Regional Breakdown by Country, Revenues ($m), Market Share(%), 2012
Figure 5.7 EU5 Regional Breakdown by Country, Revenues ($m), 2013-2024
Figure 5.8 Over-65 Population in Germany as Percentage of Overall Population, 2012-2024
Figure 5.9 German PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2013-2024
Figure 5.10 Over-65 Population in France as Percentage of Overall Population, 2012-2024
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14. Contents
Figure 5.11 French PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2013-2024
Figure 5.12 Over-65 Population in the UK as a Percentage of Overall Population, 2013-2024
Figure 5.13 UK PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2013-2024
Figure 5.14 Over-65 Population in Spain as Percentage of Overall Population, 2012-2024
Figure 5.15 Spanish PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2013-2024
Figure 5.16 Over-65 Population in Italy as Percentage of Overall Population, 2012-2024
Figure 5.17 Italian PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2013-2024
Figure 5.18: Over-65 Population in Japan as Percentage of Overall Population, 2012-2024
Figure 5.19 Japanese PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2013-2024
Figure 5.20 BRIC PD Drug Market, Revenue ($m), 2012-2024
Figure 5.21 BRIC Regional Breakdown by Country, Revenues ($m), Market Share (%), 2012
Figure 5.22 BRIC PD Drug Market Breakdown, Revenues ($m), 2013-2024
Figure 5.23 Brazilian PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2013-2024
Figure 5.24 Russian PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2013-2024
Figure 5.25 Indian PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2013-2024
Figure 5.26 Chinese PD Drug Market, Revenues ($m), 2013-2024
Figure 8.1 Parthenogenesis Results in Cells Inheriting a Duplicate Set of HLA genes, which
Reduces Immune Rejection
Figure 9.1 PD Drug Market, Overall Revenues ($m), 2012, 2018 and 2024
Figure 9.2 PD Drug Market by Segment, Revenues ($m), 2012, 2018 and 2024
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15. Contents
Organisations Mentioned in Report
Abbott Laboratories
AbbVie Pharmaceuticals
Acadia Pharmaceuticals
Adamas Pharmaceuticals
Addex Therapeutics
Amgen
Amicus Therapeutics
Amarantus BioSciences
Amylin Pharmaceuticals
Ark Therapeutics
AstraZeneca
Avanir Pharmaceuticals
Axxonis Pharma
BIAL - Portela
Biogen Idec
Bioprojet Pharma
Biotie Therapies
Biovail
Boehringer Ingelheim
Cardiovascular and Renal Drug Advisory Committee
Ceregene
Chelsea Therapeutics
Civitas Therapeutics
Columbia University
Dainippon Sumitomo Pharma
Depomed
DiaGenic
Domain Therapeutics
Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories
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16. Contents
Durin Technologies
Eisai
European Medicines Agency (EMEA/EMA)
Food and Drug Administration (US FDA)
Genzyme
GlaxoSmithKline (GSK)
Impax Laboratories
Intec Pharma
International Stem Cell Corporation
Ipsen
Juvantia Pharma
Kyowa Hakko Kirin
Lundbeck
Meiji Seika
Merck & Co.
Merck Serono
Mundipharma Research
Mylan
Napp Pharmaceuticals
National Health Service (NHS, UK)
National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE, UK)
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS, US)
National Institutes of Health (NIH, US)
Neuren Pharmaceuticals
Neuroderm
NeuroGeneration
NeuroHealing
Neurologix
Newron Pharmaceuticals
Novartis
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17. Contents
NuroPro
Ono Pharmaceuticals
Orient Pharma
Orion
Otsuka Pharmaceuticals
Oxford BioMedica
Parkinson’s UK
Par Pharmaceuticals
Pfizer
Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers Association
Phytopharm
Power3 Medical Products
Prothena Corporation
Roche
Roxane Laboratories
Sanofi
Santhera
Schering Plough
Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience
SK Biosciences
Skye Pharma
Sun Pharmaceuticals
Technion-Israel Institute of Technology
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries
The Michael J. Fox Foundation
The Parkinson Study Group
Titan Pharmaceuticals
UCB
uniQure
University College London (UCL)
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19. Parkinson’s Disease: World Drug
Industry and Market 2014-2024
5.6.5 India: Generic Manufacturers Seek to Dominate the PD Market
The second largest country in the world with a population of 1.2 billon and an ageing population,
India’s public healthcare system is overburdened. Most health care in India is presently provided
by private sectors and therefore, there is a growing demand for unmet needs. A major challenge
with India is the economic, population and perception issues. In April 2012, the rapid ageing of
India was the focus of World Heath Day. India and China together have been reported to account
for one third of the world’s total population over 65. With a growing population and rapid ageing,
the incidence of old-age related diseases, such as PD is also bound to increase. Until the last five
years, the incidence of PD was low in India but has slowly crept up in the last few years. Increasing
health awareness has allowed the pharma market to drastically improve in the last five years.
Similarly, the increase in awareness of PD will help boost the market. However, the issue of
affordability is a huge factor. Like all emerging countries, India too is a generic market and
therefore, the likes of Sun Pharma, Wockhardt, Dr. Reddy’s Laboratories, along with many other
pharma companies, have produced generic PD products for the Indian population.
Similar to all BRIC nations, the rise in middle-class spending power, government healthcare
reforms and most importantly the increase in healthcare awareness has lead to a growth in the
pharma market. Furthermore, India is believed to be a preferred partner of choice for many of the
Big Pharma companies because of its formulation development capabilities, process chemistry
expertise, skilled workforce and cheaper costs. In November 2012, The Indian Pharma Industry
was valued at Rs 686bn, a 13% growth from the previous year. The Indian PD market alone is
believed to have grown 24% in 2012, with similar numbers reported for the previous years. Thus,
the market is expected to continue growing during this forecast period at rapid rate. Tables 5.32,
5.33 and Figure 5.25 show visiongain’s predictions for the Indian PD drug market over the forecast
period. A continual gradual growth during the first half of the forecast period should see revenues
of $35m by 2018 with a 6-year CAGR of 4.0%. The launch of new products in the market should
see the market boost even further in the second half of the forecast period with revenues reaching
$62m by 2024 (a 12-year CAGR of 7.0%), visiongain believes.
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