Latest advances in production of guava were covered in this presentation.

1. WEL- COME
By : Vilas S. Ghule

2. • Taxonomy:
• Common name – Apple of the tropics / Poor man’s apple.
• Scientific name – Psidium guajava
• Family – Myrtaceae
• 2n = 22

3. Common name Scientific name Specific features
Brazilian guava / Guinea guava Psidium guineese Small fruits with poor quality.
Strawberry / cattleya guava Psidium cattleianum Small fruits with purplish red color.
costa – Rica – Guava / China guava Psidium friedrichsthalianum Small fruits globose in shape, dwarf
rootstock and resistant to nematode,
guava wilt.
Guisaro guava Psidium molle -
Mountain guava Psidium montanum -
- Psidium pumilum Highest sugar content
- Psidium cujavillis Highest Vit – C.

4. • Guava is originated in tropical America (Mexico) and has spread to
most of the tropical and subtropical countries of the world.
• Commercially Guava grown in Cuba, Malaysia, Myanmar, Venezuela,
Australia, South Africa, Bangladesh, Brazil, Colombia, Cameroon,
Mexico, Peru, Thailand, Sudan, Kenya and India.
• In India it is successfully grown in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Madhya
Pradesh, Maharashtra, West Bengal, Orissa, Tripura.
• U.P. is considered as the most important guava producing state of
India and Allahabad – Varanasi region has the reputation of growing
the best quality Guava in the country as well as in the world.

5. 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
State Area Production Pdy. Area Production Pdy. Area Production Pdy.
Madhyapradesh 16.5 255.3 15.5 21.3 801.0 37.6 22.4 841.1 37.6
Uttar pradesh 14.4 251.5 17.5 15.3 291.4 19.0 45.0 605.0 13.4
Bihar 29.5 245.2 8.3 29.7 259.5 8.7 30.0 373.7 12.5
Maharashtra 37.0 322.0 8.7 39.0 305.0 7.8 40.0 324.0 8.1
West bengal 14.1 179.8 12.8 14.2 184.0 13.0 14.4 186.0 13.0
Punjab 7.9 173.8 22.0 8.1 177.6 22.0 8.2 180.8 22.0
Chhatishgarh 15.6 121.3 7.8 17.1 140.9 8.2 19.3 162.8 8.4
Karnataka 7.1 135.1 19.0 6.8 134.9 19.8 6.4 143.4 22.3
Gujarat 10.5 156.3 14.9 10.6 158.1 14.9 10.8 140.8 13.0
Haryana 9.7 87.1 9.0 10.4 107.6 10.4 10.7 125.0 11.7
Andhra pradesh 8.9 134.0 15.1 12.3 184.5 15.0 6.9 104.1 15.0
Odisha 14.3 103.4 7.2 14.2 103.7 7.3 14.2 103.6 7.3
Telangana 6.0 90.0 15.0
Assam 5.0 99.3 19.9 5.3 105.8 20.1 4.2 83.8 20.0
Others 29.5 246.4 8.4 31.3 244.4 7.8 29.8 203.7 6.8
Total 219.9 2510.4 11.4 235.6 3198.3 13.6 268.2 3667.9 13.7
Area in ‘000 HA, Production in ‘000 MT and Productivity = MT/HA
Source:- NHB, 2015

6. • Guava fruit is a berry and has very thin skin.
• The fruit have gritty texture due to presence of stone cells, and have
sweet aroma.
• Fruit is excellent source of Vit-C and pectin, but has low energy
(66cal/100g) and protein 1%, and has about 17% dry matter and 83%
moisture.
• Fruit is rich in minerals like P, Ca, Fe as well as vitamins like niacin,
panthotenic acid, thiamin, riboflavin and Vit-A.
• Excellent salad, pudding, jam, jelly, nectar, concentrate, and syrup can
be made from Guava fruit.

7. • The roots, bark, leaves and immature fruits because of their astringency, are commonly
employed to halt gastroenteritis, diarrhea, and dysentery throughout the tropics.
• Crushed leaves are applied on wounds, ulcers, and rheumatic places.
• Leaves are chewed to relieve toothache.
• The leaf decoction is taken as a remedy for coughs, throat and chest ailments, gargled to
relieve oral ulcers and inflamed gums.
• Effective in halting vomiting and diarrhea in cholera patients.
• It is also applied on skin diseases.
• A combined decoction of leaves and bark is given to expel the placenta after childbirth.
• Leaves are also used in dying and tanning.

8. • Soil:
• Guava tree is very hardy and can thrive on all type of soil from alluvial to lateritic.
• Sensitive to water logging.
• It can grown on heavy but well drained soil.
• The best soils are deep, friable and well drained.
• pH – 5.5 – 7.5.

9. • Climate:
• Owing to its hardy nature, guava is grown successfully in tropical and subtropical regions
up to 1500 m above mean sea – level.
• Best quality guavas are obtained where low night temperatures (10˚C) prevail during
winter season.
• In areas having distinct winter season, the yield increases and quality improves.
• It grows best with an annual rainfall around 1000 mm restricted between June and
September.
• Young plants are susceptible to draught and cold.

10. Allahabad Safeda:
• This is the most famous variety
gown in Uttar Pradesh for table purpose.
• Tree is medium in height (5.8-6.5m)
with vigorous branching and dense foliage.
• Fruits are medium in size (180g),
round in shape with few seeds.
• Fruit is white fleshed with good keeping quality.

13. 3 Arka Kiran
• Fruits are medium size.
• Weight - 180-200 g.
• Fruit flesh - Pink colour.
• TSS . - 12-12.5° Brix .
• seeds are soft.

14. Lucknow – 49
• Selected from Allahabad safeda.
• Fruit Pulp colour – greenish
yellow with white milky.
• Skin of fruit is rough.
• It is suitable for table purpose.
• Yield – 25 tones/ha.
• National Variety

15. 1. Hissar safeda
• Allahabad safeda X seedless
• Released year – 1995
• Fruit shape – round
• Fruit skin are smooth, shining, &
yellowish white.
• Flesh – white in colour & firm.
• Yield – 114 kg/plant.
- 31.25 tons/ha.
• TSS. – 12.5⁰– 13⁰ Brix.

16. 2. Hissar Surekha
• Apple colour X Banarasi Surekha.
• Released year – 1995.
• Fruit shape – round.
• Fruit colour – light colour.
• Fruit flesh – pink colour.
• Skin is light yellow colour.
• TSS. – 13⁰-13.5⁰Brix.
• Yield - 94 kg/plant
- 25 tones/hac.

17. • It is selected from half-sib
population of Apple colour.
• Fruit colour – Saffron yellow with
red blush.
• Fruit weight – 185 – 200 gm.
• Yield – 100kg/plant.
• TSS. – 12⁰ Brix.
• Vit. C. – 250mg/100gm of plup.

18. • It is selected from half-sib
population of Apple colour.
• Released year – 2005.
• Creamy white epicarp with red
spots.
• Fruit pulp – Snow white in
colour.
• Weight – 285 gm.
• TSS. – 12.5⁰– 14⁰ Brix.
• Vit. C – 300mg/100gm of pulp.

19. FRS, Sangareddy
• Allahabad safeda X Kohir.
• Fruit shape – Round.
• Fruit pulp – Thin with good
taste.
• Seeds are soft and located at
the core.
• Yield – 80.9 kg/plant

20. • Kohir X Allahabad Safeda.
• Fruits are large with bard seed.
• Tree are large and bear profusely.
• Yield – 90 – 100 kg/tree.

21. • Selected from Dhareedar.
• Fruit shape – Round.
• Peel smooth & light yellow in colour.
• Fruit pulp – white in colour, sweet taste with
pleasant flavor.
• Seeds are small & soft as compare to Sardar.
• Fruit weight – 150-175 gm.
• Yield – 100 – 125 kg/plant.
• Vit. C. – 300 mg/100gm of pulp.
• TSS. - 10.5 ⁰- 13.5⁰ Brix.

22. • Fruit are medium to large, roundish ovate in size.
• Fruit weight – 160 gm.
• Raised lines on the surface of mature fruits.
• Peel is greenish yellow & peel soft.
• TSS. – 11.7⁰ Brix.
• Reducing sugar – 4.31%.
• Non reducing sugar – 5.42%.
• Vit. C – 200mg /100gm of pulp.

23. • Released year -2005.
• Off-seasonal bearing variety.
• It is Drought & Sodicity tolerant variety.
• Shiny greenish yellow fruit with
desirable aroma.
• Its resistance to Fruit fly & tolerant to
mealy bug.
• Yield – 40.5 kg/tree.
• TSS. – 10⁰ Brix.
• Vit. C – 180 mg/100gm of pulp.

24. Some international cultivars
• Fruit are very large with little aroma.
• White flesh with relatively few seeds.
• It was at first considered promising with mild flavour.
• It content low vit.C (ascorbic acid)

25. • Fruits are faint aroma, thick, white flesh relatively few, small seeds.
• Fruit contain high Vit. C.
• it having ability to produce heavy crops over a period of 8 months from fall
to early spring.
• Fruit with strong aroma.
• Medium to large size, round but slightly flattened at the base and apex.
• Yellow skin often with pink blush, with medium thick, Red flesh of sweet
flavour.
• Seeds are numerous but small.
• Agreeable for eating flesh.
• Fairly productive in early winter

26. • Fruit with pungent smell.
• Fruit size is large and ovate in shape.
• Flesh is thick, red in colour sweet flavour, relatively few seeds.
• An excellent guava for eating fresh and for canning.
• Fairly productive in early winter.
• Fruit with strong aroma.
• Fruit size are medium and oval in shape.
• Fruit flesh are light pink in colour, numerous, small seeds.
• Fruit used for jelly making.

27. • Fruit having very mild aroma.
• Fruit size are medium with ovate shape.
• Fruit flesh are pink in colour, moderate sized seeds.
• Flavour are agreeable and sub acidic.
• It good for general cooking.
• Fruits are large in size.
• Fruits are odorless.
• Fruit having thick flesh.

28. • Sexually propagation method:
• Seed propagation:
Seedling can be raised in nursery or in polythene bags from freshly extracted seeds
of fully matured fruits.
Seed viability declines very quickly after extraction from fruits.
Which may be extended by treatment with potassium nitrate or ferulic acid.

29. • Sexually propagation method:
• Cutting:
Soft wood and semi-hard wood cuttings are used.
Take semi-hard wood cuttings with 2-4 leaves.
Give treatment with IBA at 5000 ppm+ P-hydroxy benzoic acid at 200 ppm shows
92% rooting.
Then planted in sand under mist.
Pre-treatment of stock plant with ethrel (50 ppm) and treatment with IBA at 3000
ppm during planting of cutting caused 100% rooting.

30. • Air layering:
Shoots selected for air-layering should be 1 cm in diameter and preferably from
previous years growth.
A ring of bark about 3 cm long is removed.
Cover ring with media (soil : leaf mould ; 1:1) or with Sphagnum moss, previously
soaked in water.
Wrapped with polyethylene film.
The ends of film are carefully tied and left for rooting.
It takes 30-40 days for rooting during mansoon.
Air layers treated with IBA at 5000 ppm and found 90% rooting in month of June,
80% in May, 70% in April, and further decreased gradually to 10% in the month of
December.
Air-layering in guava is most successful between April and June in warm and humid
climate. When temperature varies between 29.3 and 30.5˚C and relative humidity
between 69.0 and 80.0 %.

31. • Stooling:
Air-layers were grown for 3-5 years.
Then cut back and allowed to shoots.
Then shoots were ringed, IBA was applied in lanolin.
The ringed shoots were earthed up to induce rooting.
After rooting the shoots were separate and planted in nursery beds.
Etiolation of shoots for 30 days and treatment with IBA at 5000 ppm caused 100%
rooting as well as survivality of the stool layers.

32. • Grafting:
• Inarching is another important method of propagation, however, the method is
more labourious than cutting and air layering.
• The other method of grafting which showed success is veneer grafting.
• Budding:
• Forkert, patch, shield, and ring budding were reported to be successful in guava.
• Patch budding on 1 year old seedling rootstock during May-June showed 80-85%
success.

33. 1. Chinese guava (Psidium friedrichsthalianum):
• Resistant rootstock for wilt disease of guava.
• The rootstock is also resistant to nematodes (Meloidogyne incognita).
2. Psidium pumilum:
• The trees grafted on Psidium pumilum showed a dwarfing effect.
3. Psidium cattleianum:
• Cv. Allahabad Safeda on P. cattleianum showed higher yield than on P. pumilum
and P. cujavalis.
4. Pusa srijan (aneuploid no. 82 rootstock of guava):
• Potentially dwarf rootstock identified at IARI, New Delhi.

34. • Field should be deeply ploughed, harrowed and levelled before
planting.
• The pits of 1m3 should be dug at appropriate distance.
• After 15-20 days, pits should be filled with 25 – 30 kg compost or FYM
mixed with surface soil.
• Planting should be done at the onset of monsoon.

35. • Guava is commonly planted at 5m x 5m or 6m x 6m spacing, accommodating 278
to 400 plants per hectare, in square system of planting.
• Guava is highly suitable for high density plantation, because bearing is on current
seasons growth and flowers appear on axils of new leaves.
• Guava can also be planted in a hedgerow system at a spacing of 6m x 3m or 6m x
2m.
- In this system, the trees are confined to a hedge shape of 2m inter-row width
and 2m height for which regular pruning is necessary.
- Hedgerow plantations gave almost double the crop per unit area than 6m x 6m
spacing

36. • In widely spaced plants (6m x 6m), the interspace can be
economically utilized by growing suitable intercropping till the
bearing starts.
• In a crop combination involving several plantation, vegetables and
leguminous crops like Cocoa, Pine-apple, Peas, Cowpea, Gram and
Beans are considered as safe intercrops.

37. • Training and Prunning:
• Initial training is necessary for development of a strong framework for which the first 60 to
90 cm from the base of the trunk should be cleaned.
• Keep 4 – 5 scaffold branches at an interval of 20 – 25 cm.
• When the plant attained a height of about 1.5 m to 1.8 m, it is then headed back to make
the centre open.
• In some parts of India (Maharashtra and south Bengal) bending system of training get
practiced for increasing yield.
• As the flower and fruits are borne on current season’s growth, a light annual pruning is
considered necessary to encourage new shoots after harvesting.
• All dead, diseased, crowded growth and suckers coming up from the base and sides of the
framework should be pruned back annually.
• Hedgerow system needs regular pruning to keep the plant in desired size.

38. Bahar Managment
Three types of Bahar :-
1. Ambe Bahar (Feb.- Mar.) – Rainy season
2. Mrig Bahar (June- July) – Winter season
3. Hasth Bahar (Oct.) – Summer season
• Bahar treatment in guava is achieved by with hold of irrigation, root
exposure or root prunning.
• Application of NAA @400- 800 ppm or ethephon @ 1000- 1500 ppm
or Urea (15-20 %) following may pruning.

39. • This practice is very much dependent on training of guava branches.
• On the basis of calculation of expected flowering, the branches of guava
plants are bent down about 45-60 days before the expected date of
flowering and to produce fruits in the off season.
• First time bending of branches of guava plant should be employed at the
age of 2nd year of plant.
• Before bending, the leaves, small shoots, flowers & fruits from branch are
removed or cut off, keeping 10-12 inch of terminal twig intact.

40. • During summer (April – June), the new shootlets emerged within 8 to 10 days
of bending
• During autumn (Sept. – Nov.), the new shootlets took 20-25 days to emerge
• Bent branches should be untied when the new shootlets is about 1 cm in
length
• Flowering occurs in the new shootlets at 4-5 pair of leaf stage, after 45-50
days of summer bending & 60-65 days of autumn bending
• Manures & fertilizers should be applied 15 days before bending of branches &
again at pea stage of fruit growth followed by irrigation.

42. • Time of fertilizer application depends on the region and variety.
• In North India, fertilizer is applied in the 1st week of May for rainy
season crop and in 1st week of July for winter season crop.
• The plants are manured twice a year.
• First during June – July and second by during October.

43. Region Recommended fertilizer dose
g / Plant / Year
Northern region 600 g N, 400 g K.
Eastern region 260 g N, 320 g P, 260 g K.
Southern region 900 g N, 600 g P, 600 g K.
Western region 600 g N, 300 g P, 300 g K.
• Half quantity of nitrogen at bahar treatment and remaining half after fruit retension.
• Full quantity of phosphorus and potash is applied at bahar treatment.

44. • It has been observed that placement of fertilizer midway between
trunk and drip line is better than at drip line or beyond it.
• Foliar spraying of potassium ( as potassium sulphate 1.0 to 2.0%) ,
Calcium ( as Calcium Nitrate , 1 to 2 %) were found effective in
increasing yield and improving fruit quality.

45. • Irrigation is frequently needed during initial establishment of plantation.
• Weekly or bi-weekly watering is essential during first few months after planting.
• The daily water requirement of guava varies from 15.6 to 61.0 L / day / plant
respectively in the months of December and April – May.
• The annual water requirement of Guava grown at the spacing of 5m x 5.5m is
3854 m3/ ha.
• Drip irrigation on alternate or 2-days interval is recommended during dry periods
of April – May.
• Need based 1 or 2 irrigations during December – January is found beneficial.

46. • 1) IBA:
• Treatment with IBA @ 5000 ppm caused 100% rooting as well as survivality of the
stool layers .
• In cutting the treatment of IBA @ 5000 ppm + p-hydroxybenzoic acid @ 200 ppm
shows 92 % rooting .
• Pre-treatment of stock plant with ethrel ( 50 ppm) and IBA @ 3000 ppm during
planting of cutting cause 100% rooting .
• 2) GA3 :
• GA3 @ 15 – 30 ppm increased the fruit set .
• Induces parthenocarpic fruits .

47. • 3) NAA :
• NAA @ 80-100 ppm reduces the rainy season fruit yield .
• NAA @ 800 ppm + deblossoming leads to maximum yield in winter
season .
• 4) NAD:
• NAD @ 50 ppm enhance the high blossom drop .

48. •Meadow orchard:-
• The Meadow Orchard is a modern method of fruit cultivation using Small
or dwarf tree with modified of canopy.
• The meadow orchard system of guava accommodates 5000 plants ha,
planted at 2.0 x 1.0m spacing.
• Topping and hedging in guava are helpful in controlling tree size and
extending fruit availability in meadow orchard.
• Meadow Orchard System is a new concept of guava planting.

49. The meadow orchard system of guava
accommodates 5000 plants ha, planted at
2.0 x 1.0 m spacing.
A single trunk tree with no interfering
branches up to 30 - 40 cm from the
ground level is desirable to make dwarf
tree architecture.
After a period of 1-2 months of planting, all
the trees are topped at a uniform height of
30-40 cm from the ground level for
initiation of new growth below the cut ends.

50. As shoots mature generally after a period of
3-4 months, they are reduced by 50 per cent
of their total length so that new shoots
emerge below the cut point.
Growth after third pruning:-
This is done to attain the desired tree
canopy architecture and strong framework.
The emerged shoots are allowed to grow for
3 - 4 months before they are again pruned
by 50 per cent. After pruning, new shoots
emerge on which flowering takes place.

51. • It is emphasized that shoot pruning is done thrice a year.
• This leads to desired canopy development.
• Though fruiting starts in the same year, one can not expect fruits on
each and every shoot.
• Pruning is continued so that plants remain dwarf.
• After a year, pruning operation is done especially in May-June,
September-October and January-February.

52. Initiation of new shoots and
flowering after shoot pruning in meadow
system.
Re-pruning (above the fruiting point)of
shoots for initiation of new shoots.

53. New shoots emerge after re pruning and
flowering takes place.
Pruned trees in flowering and
fruiting.

54. Pruned trees in flowering and fruiting.

55. Meadow orchard after 5 years of
planting
Overview of meadow orchard

56. Concept of meadow orchading:-
Contnd…

58. Fertilizer management in meadow orcharding:-
• The amount of fertilizers to be applied in meadow orchard of guava depends on the
age of tree, condition of plant and type of soil.
• For proper growth and higher yield, following fertilizer doses should be applied:-
Year Urea (g plant-1) SSP (g plant-1) MOP (g plant-1)
June September September June
1st 90 40 185 50
2nd 180 110 370 100
3rd 270 115 555 150
4th 360 150 740 200
5th & above 450 190 900 250

59. Irrigation management in meadow orchading:-
• Newly planted plants should be watered at the time of planting,
every second day during the first week and afterwards once or
twice a week during the initial months.
• During long dry periods, newly planted young guava plants (first
year) should be watered twice a week.
• Once the rainy season sets in, irrigation is done as per the
requirement.
• For the plants of 2 years or above, irrigation becomes beneficial
for growth and fruiting during prolonged dry periods.
• Irrigation is required at intervals of 7-10 days in summers and at
25days in winters.

60. • Irrigation scheduling in meadow orcharding:-

61. • Production:-
• The production of guava in high density planting (1.5 x 3 m.) is 26 tonnes
ha-I in the third year. The yield goes up to 47 tonnes ha-I in the fifth and
55 tonnes ha-I in the seventh year of growth.
• In the density of 6.0 x 6.0m, the yield is 6 tonnes ha-I.
• The meadow orchard system is more beneficial than any other system.
• In this system, the production starts in the first year itself giving an
average yield of 13 tonnes ha-I which doubles in the next year.
• In the 3rd and 5th year yield is approximately 40 and 60 tonnes ha-I,
respectively."This clearly shows that the meadow orchard system is better
than other planting systems.

62. • Growth pattern and fruiting under meadow orchard:
Ist year 2nd year 3rd year
4th year 5th year After 5 year

63. • Yield of the guava under different planting densities:

64. A comparison between meadow orchard system and the traditional system:
Attributes
Traditional system Meadow system
Bearing -
After two years From first year
Production
Management
Average yield is 12-20 t ha I. Difficult to
manage due to large tree size
Average yield is 40-60 t / ha
Labour requirement
Requires more labour Low labour requires
Production cost Higher cost of production Lower cost of production
Harvesting
Difficult
Easy to manage due to small tree size
Quality Large canopy, poor sunlight,
penetration and poor quality fruits.
Small canopy, better air and sunlight
penetration, minimum disease
incidence and high quality fruits with
good colour development.

65. • In northern India, three distinct flowering season, i.e. summer, rainy and autumn
with corresponding harvesting periods rainy, winter and spring have been
observed.
• In West Bengal, two distinct seasons of blooming are found, once in April – May
and against in September – October.
• In U.P. maximum extension growth was observed in spring season followed by
rainy and winter seasons.
• The season also has well – pronounced influence in respect to flowering, yield
and fruit quality.

66. • The fruit yield is usually higher in the rainy season while fruit quality
was found better during winter season.
• The guava bears flower, solitary or in cymes of two or three flowers,
on the current seasons growth in the axil of leaves. Both terminal as
well as lateral bearing shoots were observed in guava.
• The flowering and blooming period varies from 25 – 45 days
depending on the cultivar, season and region of growing.

67. • About 80-90 % flowers of guava sets fruit initially of which 35 – 60 %
reaches maturity.
• In cultivars like seedless, the final fruit retention is as low as 6%. The
formation of fruit set is noticed after 10 – 12 days of flowering.
• Spraying GA3 at 15 – 30 ppm increased the fruit set.

68. • The growth of guava fruits followed a double sigmoid curve with, two periods of
rapid growth with a period of relatively slow growth in between.
• The weight of fruit and fruit size gradually increase at the first phase, then slow
down and finally increase till maturity.
• Guava fruit generally takes about 17 – 20 weeks from fruit set to reach maturity.
• The total soluble solids, total sugar and ascorbic acid contents of fruit increased
markedly at the later stages of fruit growth while fruit acidity decreased.

69. 1. Fruit fly ( Chaetodacus sp.) :
• The adults of fruit fly lay eggs on fruit surface during monsoon.
• The maggots enter the fruit and feed on pulp causing dropping of fruits.
• Bagging of fruits 3-4 weeks from fruit set and spraying of malathion and fenthion
is suggested to control the pest.

70. 2. Mealy bug (Ferrisia varigata) :
• The tiny small bugs usually suck sap from twigs, leaves and flower.
• Infested fruits will have uneven shapes, poor quality and are susceptible to
secondary infection by pathogens.
• Soil application of thimet and banding the tree trunk with polyethylene film will
prevent the nymph to climb up from the soil.

71. 1. Wilt:
•Caused by – several fungus namely Fusarium
spp., Cephalosporium spp., Macrophomina
phaseoli either alone or in combination.
•Yellowing of leaves followed by drying of leaves
and twigs from the tip.
•Complete wilting – in 10 – 15 days.
•Control – by soil drenching with brasicol and
spraying of Bavistin (0.1%) around the roots and
leaves at an interval of 15 days.
•Infected plants should be uprooted and burnt,
as well as preventive treatment also apply on
adjacent healthy plant.
•Resistant variety: Dholka, Nasik, Supreme and
Banarasi.

72. 2. Anthracnose :
• Disease caused by Gloesporium psidii.
• Affected plants showed signs of die back from the tip of the branch; however
leaves, shoots and fruits are rarely affected.
• Control: spraying the trees with copper oxychloride, cuprous oxide.

73. 3. Cercospora leaf spot :
• Water soaked patches under the leaf caused by Cercospora sawadae.
• Infection can be reduced by spraying copper oxychloride at 0.3 %.

74. Chilling injury

75. • External and internal browning:
Internal browning External browning

76. Bronzing in Guava :-
• Nutritional disorder
• Leaf turn yellow
Control :- Micronutrients spray combination
containing ZnSO4, MgSO4 and MnSO4 @ 0.5% and
CuSO4 and FeSO4 @ 0.25 % plus Teepol @ 1ml per 5 lit
of solution on various stages
1. New flush 2. One month after first spray
3. Flowering 4. Fruit set

77. • Guava fruit are picked at the mature – green stage in some countries according to
consumers demand.
• In countries where consumers prefer ripe guava, the fruits are picked at the firm-
yellow to half – ripe stage for long distance transport and at fully ripe stage for local
market.
• If eaten green fruit should be harvested at the mature, firm stage without any sign
of ripening.
• Fruit to be consumed soft and ripe are harvested when they show some sign of
colour change from green to yellow, as well as initial softening.
• SSC can vary from 3% in green fruit to >10% in ripe fruit and the TA from 0.2 to 1.5%
; cultivars vary greatly in sweetness and acidity.

78. :
• Seedling guava trees require 4-5 years to bear, while vegetatively propagated
plants started bearing at the age of 2-3 years.
• The fruit turn greenish yellow with the advancement of maturity.
• Harvesting of guava needs extra care because the fruit has soft, thin skin.
• It is normally carried out by hand to avoid physical injuries.
• Subsequent handling and transportation of the fruit also need extra precautions
to reduce bruising.

79. Yield:

80. Cultivars Yield per plant
(kg)
Yield per hectare
(tonnes)
Allahabad Safeda 41 11.4
Apple Colour 30 8.3
Banarasi 45 12.5
Baruipur 45 12.5
Behat Coconut 38 10.6
Chittidar 48 13.3
Harijha 42 17.7
Kerala 38 10.6
L-49 54 15.0
Seedless 8 2.2
Supreme 29 8.1

81. •Storage of guava:-
• Modified atmosphere storage:-
• Packing of guava in low density polyethelene films retards ripening
and increase shelf life.
• Wrapping of fruits of guava in low density polyethelene bags showed
less dehydrated, less acid lower chilling injury intensity and disease
severity.
• After 2 weeks storage at 80 C.
• Guava maintained marketable quality at 100C for upto 16 days when
wrapped in transparent polyethelene bags.

82. • Controlled atmosphere storage:-
• 2.5 % oxygen levels may delay ripening of mature green and partially ripe
guavas kept at 100C (500 F)
• Tolerance to the elevated carbon dioxide levels has not been determined.
• Short treatment with 10% O2 +5% CO2 before storage in air at 40C (390F) for
two weeks delays colour development and reduces chilling injury, compared to
fruit held in air.
• MAP in polyethelene bags and use wax coatings delays ripening/ softening.
• Skin blackening is a problem when some wax coatings are applied.

83. Guava processed products