2. DESIGN THINKING
Philosophy and set of tools to help solve problems
creatively
Difference Focus on Human centered approach
Empathizing with the user
Customer/User perceptive
Design with the focus of human perspective
4. Design Thinking
P r o b l e m S p a c e S o l u t i o n S p a c e
Design
Challenge
Design
Solution
5. Empathy
• Viewing from the other person’s point of view
• Putting yourself into the shoes of the other person
• Intellectual identification with the emotions
thoughts, attitude and expectations of another
person
• Mirroring the other person’s feeling expectation,
expression etc
6. Empathy would lead to
• Understanding the problem from the other
person’s perspective
• The person who is facing the problem may have
different dimensions
• There may be more than one kind of stake holders
7. • Without Judgment
• With a beginners’ eyes
• With curiosity
• With a child like enthusiasm
• Interact /Survey
• Observe What they do and how they behave
8. • Intense Preparation
• Immersion
• Questions to be asked
• Points to be observed
• Interaction
• Focus on the problem
• No solution related talk
• Thorough understanding of the problem
9. • Survey – May not open up
• Observation – Behaviour may camaflouge
motives
• Asking leading questions
• Pain points
• May not open up easily
• Gaining confidence
• Multiple sitting may be needed
• Sometimes multiple stakeholders
10. Example
Designing a wallet for your friend
What you carry
Why you carry
Listen and Take notes
Reasons-Logics and emotions
11. Define
A problem well defined is half solved
The objective is to get a clear cut understanding of the
problem.
Precise understanding of the specific problem
After empathizing, there may be general
understanding and broader perspective
Lots of information
Variety of insights into the problem
12. Define
Accumulate
Assort
Analyze
Synthesize
This will give deeper and specific insight into the
problem
Focus on needs not on solutions
13. Define
Problem Statements
Who are the users?
Who are the other stakeholders?
What are their needs (common and individual)?
What are their problems?
What are the challenges they face?
14. Define
Define A child trying to reach the top of a book
shelf with chair
Nouns all solutions ladder, Book location info
Verbs Needs to reach the top rung
Focus on needs not on solutions
This will give better insights and better drive for
solution
15. Focus on Individuals (Extreme Users)
User: Teenager
Need: Healthy Food
Insight: necessary for physical growth and mental
development
Specified Extreme User: College first year students
Deep needs: Acceptance
Define
16. Example
Pre term babies in rural places
Lack of incubator facilities
Affordability and Accessibility
17. Example
Users
Desperate parents in remote villages without access in
the hospital
Need
Device to save the dying babies
18. Ideate
Generating Ideas
“The best way to get a good idea is to get a lot of ideas”
Brainstorming
Mind Mapping
19. Brainstorming - Points
Encourage wild ideas
Defer Judgement
Go for volume
One conversation at a time
Build on the idea of others
Stay focused on the topic
Note down or Record
20. Mindmapping
Use a central image
One main topic on each branch
Sub topics on sub branches
One colour for each branch
Involve everyone
21. Prototype
A basic or preliminary version of a product
Could be improved later
Purpose is to expose to the users
Physical reality of the concept
Scope for improvement
23. Testing
Only with users
Performance compared with Expectations
Improve and recreate
Taken back to Ideation
24. Example
Sleep bag for Pre-term babies
Redesigned after testing.
Expectations of Mothers, Doctors and Care takers.
Hot water was replaced with Wax pouches
Temperature readings changed to faces
Indication added (Ready/ Not ready)
Doctors – Needed visibility for monitoring
25. Example
Hot water was replaced with Wax pouches
Temperature readings changed to faces
Indication added (Ready/ Not ready)
Doctors – Needed visibility for monitoring