AMITY UNIVERSITY COMMUNITY OUTREACH PORTFOLIO (CHILD ABUSE WORKSHOP)

1. Amity Institute of Microbial Biotechnology
CommunityoutreachPortfolio
Child abuse: good touch and bad touch
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF: Dr. Prashant R Chauhan
Submitted by: -Varsha cahuhan
M.Sc. (by Research) Microbial Biotechnology
(1st
Semester)
A5882716010

2. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I owe my heartfelt thanks and gratitude to Prashant R Chauhan, Programme
Leader and Assistant Professor, Amity Institute of Social Sciences, for giving me
this golden opportunity to work under community outreach programme and for
guiding me to complete my piece of work under this programme and showing
immense generosity during entire course of my project. I would also like to owe
my heartfelt thanks and gratitude to the PRINCIPAL of VISHWA
INTERNATION SCHOOL for providing me the platform to perform such
activities. Finally, it was truly a pleasure to learn and develop social skills under
their supervision.
Teacher’s signature: _______________

3. Introduction
It's hard to imagine someone intentionally hurting a child. Yet nearly 1 million children are
abused every year. And these are only the reported incidents of child abuse — many more cases
are unreported and undetected, often because children are afraid to tell somebody who can help.
Most of the time, kids know their abusers and the abuse happens in the home. This makes it
difficult for kids to speak up. They may feel trapped by the affection they feel for their abusers or
fearful of the power the abusers have over them — so they stay silent. That's why it's especially
important to be able to recognize the signs of child abuse. the most serious cases of child abuse
can end in death. Those who survive may suffer emotional scars that can last long after the
physical bruises have healed. Kids who are abused are more likely to have problems building and
maintaining relationships throughout their lives. They're also more likely to have low self-
esteem, depression, thoughts of suicide, and other mental health issues.
As we all know that the cases of child abuses are increasing day by day. To put an end to such
cases it is very important to spread awareness in children about this topic. To help innocent
children of our society through our course community outreach I have decide to arrange a
workshop for school student with my team partner Abhishek Sharma in the guidance of our
programme coordinator.
Varsha chauhan Abhishek sharma

4. Understanding community outreach
The objective and ethos that community outreaches has embedded within us. The ultimate aspect
of community outreach is to feel the responsibility of serving the society in terms of
underprivileged welfare or through any honest methods necessary that can promote a positive
impact on the lives of the challenged.
1. Key Learning: Community Outreach involves the donation of time and or resources for the
benefit of the community or its institutions including NGO’s
2. Aim: Community Outreach Program enables us to explore various volunteer opportunities and
learn more about the local institutions and civil
society.
3. Human Values: There are five stem values
and many sub-values or virtues that come from
Together they make up the tapestry that forms
an individual of character, containing all that
makes a human noble, caring and kind.
The primary five are: -
• Love
• Peace
• Truth
• Non-violence
• Right Conduct
4. Goals
• Enhance Community Awareness
• Increase the visibility of program
• Broaden community support
• Engage new partners/ stakeholders
• Improve knowledge and attitudes and behaviors
• Develop responsible citizenship
5. Principles Followed

5.  Display respect for Individuals and value their worth and dignity.
 Display respect for culture and beliefs of the reach out groups/persons.
 Do not impose- accord persons the right to self-determination based on informed choice.
 Do not create dependency in the populations served but promote self-reliance in the
community served.
 Maintain confidentiality of clients helped/supported.
 Do not criticize the populations you work with but be supportive and empowering.
 Display non-judgmental attitude.
6. How to build rapport
 Building rapport/trust within the community is a critical prerequisite to conducting
community outreach.
 Building rapport is helpful and contributes to the overall safety of the outreach worker
during the field visits.
 This is a time consuming task and an on-going process.
 The basic strategies should be applied in order to build trust and deliver services are
displayed in the process chart.
7. Understanding Community Barriers
• Stigmas, myths and misconceptions
• Behaviours and Perception
• Politics
• Lack of support
• Lack of trust
• Lack of funds
8. Do's &. Don'ts
The following table describes the basic points to follow or avoid doing while performing any
activity at work site.
Do's Don'ts
Do be flexible in scheduling. Do not wear expensive clothes, jewelry or
uncomfortable shoes
Do carry identification at all times Do not carry valuables or large amounts of
money, or take your wallet out.
Do accept offers of help from community
residents
Do not make promises in the community
that you cannot deliver

6. What is child abuse?
Child abuse is when someone, whether through action or failing to act, causes injury, death,
emotional harm or risk of serious
harm to a child. Child abuse and
neglect occurs in a range of
situations, for a range of reasons.
Children are rarely subject to one
form of abuse at a time. Adults can
experience a range of
psychological, emotional and social
problems related to childhood
abuse.
Types of child abuse:
 Emotional abuse
 Neglect
 Physical abuse
 Family violence
 Sexual abuse
 Organized sexual
Emotional abuse

7. Emotional abuse refers to the psychological and social aspects of child abuse; it is the most
common form of child abuse.
Many parents are emotionally abusive without being violent or sexually abusive, However,
emotional abuse invariably accompanies physical and sexual abuse. Some parents who are
emotionally abusive parents practice forms of child-rearing that are orientated towards
fulfilling their own needs and goals, rather than those of their children. Their parenting style
may be characterised by overt aggression towards their children, including shouting and
intimidation, or they may manipulate their children using more subtle means, such as
emotional blackmail.
Emotional abuse does not only occur in the home. Children can be emotionally abused by
teachers and other adults in a position of power over the child. Children can also be
emotionally abused by other children in the form of "bullying". Chronic emotional abuse in
schools is a serious cause of harm to victimised children and warrants ongoing active
intervention.
 How many children are emotionally abused or neglected? Survey found that a quarter
of the sample of undergraduate students reported some form of emotional abuse by
their parents. Another quarter reported other forms of emotional abuse outside the
home, such as bullying.
 Who is most likely to be emotionally abused? Boys and girls are equally likely to be
victims of emotional abuse by their parents, and emotional maltreatment has been
reported to peak in the 6- to 8- year old range and to remain at a similar level
throughout adolescence.
 What are the characteristics of emotionally abusive parents? Research findings suggest
that emotionally abusive parents have negative attitudes towards children, perceive
parents as unrewarding and difficult to enjoy, and that they associate their own

8. negative feelings with the child's difficult behaviour, particularly when the child reacts
against their poor parenting methods.
 Emotional abuse has increasingly been linked to parental mental health problems,
domestic violence, drug and alcohol misuse, being abused or having been in care as
children.
Signs in childhood
From infancy to adulthood, emotionally abused people are often more withdrawn and
emotionally disengaged than their peers, and find it difficult to predict other people's behavior,
understand why they behave in the manner that they do, and respond appropriately.
Emotionally abused children exhibit a range of specific signs. They often:
 feel unhappy, frightened and distressed
 behave aggressively and anti-socially, or they may act too mature for their age
 experience difficulties with academic achievement and school attendance
 find it difficult to make friends
 show signs of physical neglect and malnourishment
 Experience incontinence and mysterious pains.
Signs in adulthood
Adults emotionally abused as children are more likely to experience mental health problems
and difficulties in personal relationships. Many of the harms of physical and sexual abuse are
related to the emotional abuse that accompanies them, and as a result many emotionally
abused adults exhibit a range of complex psychological and psychosocial problems associated
with multiple forms of trauma in childhood.
Significant early relationships in childhood shape our response to new social situations in
adulthood. Adults with emotionally abusive parents are at a disadvantage as they try to form
personal, professional and romantic relationships, since they may easily misinterpret other
people's behaviors and social cues, or misapply the rules that governed their abusive
relationship with their parent to everyday social situations.
Neglect

9. Complaints of neglect constitute a significant proportion of notifications and referrals to child
protection services, however, there is no single definition of child neglect. It is generally
understood that "neglect" refers to a range of circumstances in which a parent or caregiver fails
to adequately provide for a child's needs:
 through the provision of food, shelter and clothing
 by ensuring their access to medical care when necessary
 by providing them with care, love and support
 by exercising adequate supervision and control of the child
 by showing appropriate moral and legal guidance
 by ensuring that the child regularly attends school
One of the contentious aspects of "neglect", as a category of child abuse, is that it is closely
related to socioeconomic status. Many parents lack the money and support to meet the
standards outlined above. Parents in financial need are also more likely to be in contact with
welfare services, which in turn are more likely to scrutinise their parenting practices, and
therefore more likely to make a report of abuse or neglect. As a result of these factors, poor
communities and poor families have often been stigmatised as epicentres of child abuse and
neglect. In fact, when adults in the community are asked to make retrospective reports,
emotional abuse and neglect occurs in all families, rich or poor.
Physical abuse
Physical abuse has been a normal aspect of domestic life
in Australia for a long time. Physical assaults that would be
serious criminal offenses if committed by one man against
another - for instance, hitting, slapping, or striking with an
object - have been legally and socially sanctioned when
committed by a man against his wife and child, or by
parents against their children. Today, incidents of
domestic violence committed against both women and
children remain at epidemic proportions, although there is
increasing recognition within the Australian community of
the prevalence and harms of violence against women and

10. children.
Whilst community attitudes to violence against women and children have changed for the
better, Australian policy-makers have failed to outlaw physical assaults against children by
caregivers. According to the 2007 report of the Global Initiative to End All Corporal Punishment
of Children, Australia is one of a number of countries that has failed to prohibit violence against
children, and has failed to commit to legislative reform. In particular, the legal defences of
"reasonable correction" and "reasonable chastisement" are still available to adults who are
charged with violent offenses against children in many jurisdictions.
 How many children are physically abused? A large sample of American families found
that 2.4% of children had been kicked, bitten, punched, beaten up, burned, scalded, or
threatened or attacked with a knife or a gun by their parents. An additional 8.5% had
been hit with an object by their parents.
 What are the characteristics of
parents who physically abuse
children? Characteristics of physical child
abusers include emotional impairment,
substance abuse, lack of social support,
presence of domestic violence and a history
of childhood abuse.
 What are the characteristics of
physically abused children? Boys and girls
are equally likely to be physically assaulted
by their parents, and whilst research
suggests that physical abuse peaks when
children are aged 4- to 8-years old, physical assault resulting in death occurs most often
to infants and toddlers.
Signs in childhood
Physically abused children find it difficult relating to their peers and the adults around them.
The constant threat of violence at home makes them perpetually vigilant and mistrustful, and
they may be overly domineering and aggressive in their attempts to predict and control other
people's behaviour. They are also vulnerable to "emotional storms", or instances of
overwhelming emotional responses to everyday situations . These "storms" can take the form
of profound grief, fear, or rage.

11. Physically abused children may also have problems with:
 academic achievement
 physical development and coordination
 developing friendships and relationships
 aggression and anger management
 depression, anxiety and low self-esteem.
Signs in adulthood
Adults physically abused in childhood are at increased risk of either aggressive and violent
behaviour, or shy and avoidant behaviour leading to rejection or re-victimisation. This polarised
behaviour is often driven by hyper-vigilance and the anticipation of threat and violence even in
everyday situations. Men with a history of physical abuse in childhood are particularly prone to
violent behaviour, and physically abused men are over-represented amongst violent and sexual
offenders.
Sexual abuse
Sexual abuse describes any incident in an adult engages a minor in a sexual act, or exposes the
minor to inappropriate sexual behavior or material. Sexual abuse also describes any incident in
which a child is coerced into sexual activity by another child. A person may sexually abuse a
child using threats and physical force, but sexual abuse often involves subtle forms of
manipulation, in which the child is coerced into believing that the activity is an expression of

12. love, or that the child bought the abuse upon themself. Sexual abuse involves contact and non-
contact offences.
 How many children are sexually
abused? Approximately one third of women
surveyed have reported sexual abuse in
childhood.
 Who is most likely to be sexually
abused? Whilst all children are vulnerable to
sexual abuse, girls are more likely to be
sexually abused than boys. Disabled children
are up to seven times more likely to be
abused than their non-disabled peers.
 How often is sexual abuse reported to the authorities? In one study of women, only
10% of child sexual abuse experiences were ever reported to the police, a doctor, or a
health agency.
 Who sexually abuses children? Across all community-based studies, most abusers are
male and related to the child. Most adults who sexually abuse children are not mentally
ill and do not meet the diagnostic criteria for "paedophilia".
Signs in childhood
Sexually abused children exhibit a range of behaviours, including:
 Withdrawn, unhappy and suicidal behaviour
 Self-harm and suicidality

13.  Aggressive and violent behaviour
 Bedwetting, sleep problems, nightmares
 Eating problems e.g. anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa
 Mood swings
 Detachment
 Pains for no medical reason
 Sexual behaviour, language, or knowledge too advanced for their age
Signs in adulthood
Adults sexually abused as children have poorer mental health than other adults. They are more
likely to have a history of eating disorders, depression, substance abuse, and suicide attempts.
Sexual abuse is also associated with financial problems in adulthood, and a decreased likelihood
to graduate from high school or undertake further education
Organized sexual abuse
Organized sexual abuse refers to the range of circumstances in which multiple children are
subject to sexual abuse by multiple perpetrators. In these circumstances, children are subject to
a range of serious harms that can include child prostitution, the manufacture of child
pornography, and bizarre and sadistic sexual practices, including ritualistic abuse and torture.
 What are the circumstances in which children are subject to organised sexual
abuse? Many children subject to organised abuse are raised in abusive families, and
their parents make them available for abuse outside the home. This abuse may include
extended family members, family "friends", or people who pay to abuse the child. Other
children are trafficked into organised abuse by perpetrators in schools, churches, state
or religious institutions, or whilst homeless or without stable housing.
 Who is most likely to be sexually abused in organised contexts? Children who are
vulnerable to organised abuse include the children of parents involved in organised
abuse, and children from unstable or unhappy family backgrounds who may be targeted
by abusers outside the family.

14.  Who sexually abuses children in organised contexts? Organised abuse, like all forms of
child abuse, is primarily committed by parents and relatives. Organised abuse differs
from other forms of sexual abuse in that women are often reported as perpetrators.
Research with female sexual abusers has found that they have often grown up in
environments, such as organised abuse, where sexual abuse is normative, and, as
adults, they may sexually abuse in organised contexts alongside male offenders.
Signs in childhood
Young children subject to organised sexual abuse often have severe traumatic and dissociative
symptoms that inhibit disclosure or help-seeking behaviour. They are often very withdrawn
children with strong suicidal ideation. They may exhibit disturbed behaviours while at play or
when socialising with their peers or other adults.
Signs in adulthood
Organised abuse, and ritual abuse, is a key predisposing factor the development of Dissociative
Identity Disorder and other dissociative spectrum disorders. Adults with histories of organised
abuse frequently have long histories of suicide attempts and self-harm, and they often live with
a heavy burden of mental and physical illnesses.
Planning and preparationofworkshop
The objective of the workshop is to aware children about the child abuses and makes
them understand about the good touch and bad touch. It is important to talk to child
about it.
 We help the children to understand that there are good types of touching
and bad types of touching.
 Empower them by teaching them to know the purpose and meaning of
affection and it’s opposite, bad touching which makes them feel
uncomfortable.

15. Teach them skills for how to say no, how to protect themselves and how to
report something that is inappropriate.
What is Good Touch/Bad Touch?
There are many positive ways you can show affection: hugs, kisses, backrubs, holding hands,
etc. we have discussed the appropriate ways, family shows physical affection. Make it clear to
children that they should not allow people to touch them where their underwear covers. Children
may think that they will be punished if they tell an adult about a “bad” experience that happened
to them simply because they were there during the experience.
• We help the children to understand that he or she will not be in trouble if someone
does touch them where their underwear covers or in a way that makes them feel
uncomfortable or confused.
• Their parents will believe them if they go to them with the information.
• Teaches them to come to parents if anyone touches them where underwear covers or
in a way that makes them feel uncomfortable or confused.
• It may be helpful to practice ways that a child could approach a parent or trusted
adult with information about “bad touching.”
.

16. Asked Questions to childrens
• What kind of touch do you like best? Hugs? Kisses? High fives? Knuckles?
• Can you think of ways that other people or even animals express affection to each other?
• What should you do if someone touches you in a way that makes you feel
uncomfortable?
• What kind of hug is ok?
• Can bad touch happen when you have clothes on?
Schedule of activity
Description of activity
Week1
Introductory class of community outreach:
Our programme coordinator tell us about importance
and objective of this subject
Week2
Choose our topic –child abuse, make group and
discuss our plan with our programme leader. We had
decided to organize a workshop in a school and
aware them about the topic through poster, speech,
videos and PowerPoint presentation.
Week3
Visit vishwa international school , discuss our plan
with vice principle and ask for the permission
Week4
Started preparing presentations and posters.
Week5
showed the final poster, presentations and videos to
the principal of school and our progrme leader
Week6 Present posters to our programme leader on topic
“sanitation- swach bharat abhiyan” and
“child abuse”

17. Day1:workshop
(10 –oct-2016)
On my first day of workshop, I interacted with the
students from class first to fifth in school
auditorium to know about their view on good
touch and bad touch. I also gave lesson on good
touch and bad touch through presentation. Showed
them video to make their doubt more clear. We
also provide workbook to junior students for
colouring and seniors students fill questionnaire
and feedback forms. Students were very active and
gave there hundred per cent to understand the
seriousness of the issue.
Day2:workshop
(13-oct2016)
I Developedbondwiththe studentsfromclass5th
to 8th
and triedtoknow about theirview andexperience.Two-
waycommunicationhelpedinknowingtheirpointof
views.Workshopsconductedtoteachbasicdifference
betweengoodtouch andbad touchand recently
increasedcasesof childabuse atthistenderage
Counselling was done to know their experience and
views about workshop, for their betterment of the
future discussion of the problems they might face,
and why it is necessary to be focused and careful in
life and always be surrounded with people with
positive attitude and intensions. They started
thinking seriously about their life and safety.
Week7
Study and Evaluate the result of the workshop.
Week8
Prepare photo folio and final report

22. Evaluationandresult
Our two day workshop comes to an end with very good result after calculating result of
questionnaire and feedback from teachers and students, we come to a conclusion that these kind
of workshop are very effective for children to make them understand. There was great difference
in the knowledge of student before and after the workshop.
PRE- AND POST-ASSESSMENTS OF CHILDREN
With permission, 100 children who attend our workshop were assessed. A copy of
the assessment is included at the end of this document.
Evaluation forms were collected from over 100 of participants – 50 pre-tests and
50 post-tests,
Correct responses on pre- and post-tests are outlined below.
Identify weather it is a good or bad touch Pre-
knowledge
Post
knowledge
When a person forces you to touch him or her 80% 99.98%
When Mommy gives you a hug and kiss after you wake
up.
96% 100%
When person asks you not to tell anyone. 60% 98%
When someone touches you on your body where you
don't want to be touched.
72% 100%
When person touches you under your clothing or
tickles you under the clothing.
80% 99.70%
When Daddy gives you a good-night hug and kiss. 90% 100%
A boy is punished in a way that requires stitches 80% 100%
When a person threatens to hurt you if you tell. 70% 98%

23. When Grandma and Grandpa come to visit and
everyone gets hugs and kisses.
99% 100%
A girl is slapped for screaming at her mother; the slap
stings, but leaves no lasting mark or pain.
70% 97%
According to workshop evaluations:
 99% of students and teachers agreed or strongly agreed that the workshop
improved their knowledge about the child sexual abuse
Self-Assessment results:
 58% said that before the training, their level of knowledge about the topic
was average or excellent.
 After the training, 97% rated their knowledge as above average or excellent.
Ques
1
Ques
2
Ques
3
Ques
4
Ques
5
Ques
6
Ques
7
Ques
8
Ques
9
Ques
10
Pre-knowledge 80% 96% 60% 72% 80% 90% 80% 70% 99% 70%
Post knowledge99.98%100% 98% 100%99.70%100% 100% 98% 100% 97%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
100%
120%
workshopresult
Pre-knowledge
Post knowledge

24. Conclusion
Conclusion Community Service has no full stop. This outreach
coursework has successfully ensured that as future professionals we
should be obliged to help others not only in terms of money but through
physical and mental support. Today the students of Vishwa international
school are more aware about the issue of child abuse and the fact that we
have started to feel as if these students belong to us. As a family takes
care of its members, similarly I and my friends have vowed to help
anyone who is genuinely in need. If you show care and respect, you will
be rewarded with a sweet smile.

25. “Hope we have come one step closes to put
end to child sexual abuse through our
workshop

_______________________________________