case study of delhi air pollution

1. By:
Vaibhavi Kadu
M.Sc. Final Environmental Science
The Maharaja Sayajirao University of Baroda

2.  Introduction
 Causes of Air Pollution
 Effects of Air Pollution
 Rising Level of Air Pollution
 Case Study – Delhi
 Control Equipments
 Conclusion

3.  Air pollution is the
introduction of chemicals,
particulate matter, or
biological materials that
cause harm or discomfort
to humans or other living
organisms, or cause
damage to the natural
environment or built
environment, into the
atmosphere.
Source:
https://www.google.co.in/search?q=air+pollution&source=lnms&tbm
=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwissZjs1tnYAhXMn5QKHfAKAZgQ_AUI
CigB&biw=1366&bih=651#imgrc=0Z2qzfE6_7V03M:

4. Pollutants can be classified as primary or
secondary. Usually, primary pollutants are
directly emitted from a process, such as ash
from a volcanic eruption, the carbon
monoxide gas from a motor vehicle exhaust
or sulfur dioxide released from factories.
Secondary pollutants are not emitted directly.
Rather, they form in the air when primary
pollutants react or interact.
FOSSILS
INDUSTRIES
CHIMNEYS
AUTOMOBILE
S

5. Exhaust from factories
and industries
Mining operations
Agricultural activitiesBurning of Fossil Fuels
Indoor air pollution Vehicle Emissions

6.  Respiratory and heart problems
 Global warming
 Acid Rain
 Eutrophication
 Effect on Wildlife
 Depletion of Ozone layer

8.  Air pollution in Delhi has hit
dangerous levels. Since last
winter, this problem had faded
from public concern as had the
smog itself — until now.
 Such particulate matter pollution
is made up of tiny particles (the
tiniest are about 30 times
smaller than the width of hair)
that come from vehicles,
factories, biomass combustion
and construction dust, among
other sources. Source:
https://www.google.co.in/search?q=air+pollution+delhi&sour
ce=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjRyc6v5eDYAhX
MvI8KHenuAKEQ_AUICygC&biw=1366&bih=651#imgrc=_

9.  This particulate matter pollution is the single largest
environmental health risk across the world, contributing to 4.2
million premature deaths in 2015-16.
 A recent study from the Energy Policy Institute at the University of
Chicago (EPIC), on the impact of prolonged exposure to
particulates, finds that an additional 10 micrograms per cubic
metre (10 ìg/m3) of PM10 pollution (PM10 is particulate matter 10
micrometres or less in diameter) reduces life expectancy by 0.6
years.
 Air pollution levels are unacceptably high in Delhi throughout the
year. Between November 2016 and October 2017, both RK
Puram in South Delhi and Anand Vihar in East Delhi exceeded
the national daily standard (60 microgram/cubic metre for PM 2.5)
75% of the time. During winters, pollution levels become
perceptibly worse as two factors converge.

10.  One, atmospheric conditions trap pollutants closer to the surface
of the earth, and reduce the rate at which they can disperse. This
increases concentrations. Two, season-specific emissions, like
the burning of biomass for heating and stubble burning, add to
regular sources like vehicular emissions and construction dust.
Fireworks during Diwali also spike pollution levels, and the effects
persist for days.
 There are multiple factors, which over a period have grown in
intensity contributing to increase in the severity and frequency of
smog over delhi.
Source:
https://www.google.co.in/search?biw=1366&bih=651&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=XTd
gWvPBIIvrvgSt0pCQCQ&q=vehicle+pollution+delhi&oq=vehicle+pollution+del
hi

11.  It starts with BURNING OF RICE STUBBLE by farmers in
Punjab, Haryana and western Uttar pradesh in the month of
October. It is estimated that approx 35 million tonnes of crop
are set as fire by these states. The wind carries all the
pollutants and dust particles , which have got locks in the air.
With an increase in the cultivated area for paddy in recent
decades, pollution caused by rice stubble burning has been
increasing over a period.
 Pollution caused by the TRAFFIC menace in Delhi is another
reason contribution to the air pollution and smog. The Air
Quality Index has reached the severe level . Vehicular emission
is increasing the hazardous effects to the air pollution and
smog. The CPCB and NEERI have declared that vehicular
emission as a major contributor to Delhi’s increasing air
pollution.

12.  The next culprit is dust pollution caused by large scale
CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY going on in the NCR region including
metro construction. Third in line is vehicular traffic, which has been
increasing each year, contributing to higher pollution in NCR
region.
 Under normal conditions, nature has diurnal, large-scale
circulation features to disperse pollutants and mitigate the smog.
However, on many occasions meteorological conditions like light
wind, low temperatures, stable layer are such that rather than
causing dispersion, these increase in the concentration of air
pollutants resulting in smog persisting for days together.

13.  First is a ban on burning of rice
stubble. It will require alternate
solution for the disposal of rice
stubble. State governments have
to enforce ban on crop burning with
all sincerity to make it happen.
 The Delhi Government proposed
the Odd/ even rule wherein cars
odd numbered registration plates
would ply on odd dates and those
with the even numbered
registration plates would do so on
even dates. the idea is used to
reduce congestion as well as to
reduce pollution reducing from
vehicular emission.
Source:https://www.google.co.in/search?biw=1366&bih=65
1&tbm=isch&sa=1&ei=XTdgWvPBIIvrvgSt0pCQCQ&q=veh
icle+pollution+delhi&oq=vehicle+pollution+delhi&gs_l=psy-
ab.3..0i24k1.80820.

14.  The court has ordered that all taxis plying in the city must
convert to CNG. Also commercial vehicles which are registered
before 2005 wont be allowed to enter the National Capital.
 Next is control of dust pollution from construction sites each
construction site should have dust-monitoring mechanism by
local pollution boards with provision of heavy penalty on
violation of permissible limits.
 Since meteorological conditions can be very well forecast one
week in advance, state government should take proactive
measures such as shutting down of polluting industries,
restricting interstate traffic and regulating city traffic so that
smog like conditions do not develop.

15. SOLUTIONS
Use public
mode of
transportati-
on
Conserve
energy
Understand
the concept
of Reduce,
Reuse and
Recycle
Emphasis on
clean energy
resources
Use energy
efficient
devices

16. Features :
• Widely popular for the removal of very small
size particulate matter
• Polluted gas is pass between two electrodes
as shown in fig.
• One is a negative charged high voltage
electrode (.e.g. wire) and the other is
positively charges plate or a cylinder
• High potential difference (25 to 100 kv) is
maintained between them
• Because of high potential difference, a
powerful ionising field is formed.
• The electric field attract the particulates
towards the collecting electrode (plate) and
deposited there

17. Features :
• Water sprays are introduced in a variety
of ways and the particles are collected
by impingement and centrifugal action
• Effective for removal of 1-2 micron size
particles
• Efficiency is 90 to 98% for 5 to 50
microns size particles

18. BAG FILTER
Features :
• Used for the removal of particles of size
less than 10 microns
• Reliable, efficient system for particulate
removal
• These are arranged in an enclosure
called as “bag house”
• Size of bag is 120 to 400 mm in dia and 2
to 10 m long which are suspended
• The outlet ends of the bags are open
alternatively and attached to a manifold
• The gas flow into the bags and leaves
through the outlet pipe

19.  The air pollution level is increasing day by day. Which affect the
human, other living species and environment. Air pollution in
Delhi has hit dangerous levels. Burning of rice stubble,
vehicular emission, construction activity etc factors increase the
air pollution level in Delhi. The Delhi government proposed
different solutions for this like odd/even rule for vehicles, ban on
burning of rice stubble and use energy efficient device. Electro
static precipitator, cyclone scrubber and bag filter are used in
industries for removal of particulate matter.

20.  https://www.conserve-energy-future.com/causes-effects-solutions-of-air-
pollution.php
 https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/delhi-air-
pollution-hits-hazardous-levels-but-its-not-the-capitals-problem-
alone/articleshow/61608766.cms
 https://www.theguardian.com/world/2016/nov/06/delhi-air-pollution-closes-
schools-for-three-days
 https://www.geographyandyou.com/media/expert-column/delhi-smog-
problem-causes-solution/
 https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/politics-and-nation/delhi-air-
pollution-hits-hazardous-levels-but-its-not-the-capitals-problem-
alone/articleshow/61608766.cms
 http://www.gogreenacademy.com/causes-and-effects-of-air-pollution/
 https://www.livestrong.com/article/217888-seven-causes-of-air-pollution/
 https://www.pollutionsystems.com/air-pollution-systems.html

21.  http://cpcbenvis.nic.in/envis_newsletter/Air%20pollution%20in%20Delh
i.pdf
 http://www.envergy.co.in/air-pollution-control-equipment.html
 https://www.google.co.in/search?q=last+10+years+data+of+air+polluti
on+mumbai&source=lnms&tbm=isch&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwisi-
Ker9_YAhWCJZQKHdf9CDgQ_AUICigB&biw=1366&bih=651#imgrc=_
 http://www.undeerc.org/equipment/Combustion-Systems/Full-Suite-of-
Air-Pollution-Control-Devices.aspx
 https://www.che.iitb.ac.in/online/labfacility/cyclone-separator
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types-working-principles-daily-maintenance/
 http://www.hitachi-
infra.com.sg/services/energy/bugfilter/architecture/index.html
 http://toolguyd.com/how-does-a-cyclone-dust-separator-work/