1. PHI 445 Entire Course (2 Set of Papers, 2 Response for
each DQ, Quiz – 3 Set)
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This Tutorial contains 3 Paper of Week 3 Assignment, Week 5
Assignment, 3 Set of Week 1,2 Quiz, 2 Response to each DQ
PHI 445 Week 1 Quiz (3 Sets)
PHI 445 Week 1 Discussion Utilitarianism, Deontology, and Virtue
Ethics Case Study: Starbucks
PHI 445 Week 2 Discussion Capitalism and Socialism Case Study:
Uber
PHI 445 Week 2 Quiz (3 Sets)
PHI 445 Week 3 Assignment Case Analysis (Factory Farming
:Perdue Farms)
PHI 445 Week 3 Assignment Case Analysis (Gender Discrimination:
Goodyear)
PHI 445 Week 3 Discussion Currrent Business Problems: Case
Studies: Lehman Brothers, British Petroleum, Monsanto, Merck,
Goodyear, Perdue Farms
PHI 445 Week 3 Assignment Case Analysis (GMOs: Monsanto)
PHI 445 Week 4 Discussion The Effects of Business on Consumers
and the Environment: Case Study Perdue Farms
PHI 445 Week 5 Final Project Argumentative Essay (GMOs:
Monsanto)
PHI 445 Week 5 Final Project Argumentative Essay (Factory Farming
:Perdue Farms)
PHI 445 Week 5 Final Project Argumentative Essay (Gender
Discrimination: Goodyear)
PHI 445 Week 5 Discussion Discrimination Laws: Advantages and
Disadvantages for both Employees and Business Case Study:
Abercrombie & Fitch
==============================================

2. PHI 445 Week 1 Discussion Utilitarianism, Deontology,
and Virtue Ethics Case Study: Starbucks
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PHI 445 Week 1 Discussion Utilitarianism, Deontology, and Virtue
Ethics: Case Study: Starbucks Prepare: The initial post in this
discussion must be informed by the required material for this
discussion. Your preparation should focus on three classical ethical
theories that are fundamental in any ethical analysis: utilitarianism,
deontology, and virtue ethics. Since the subject of your examination is
the Starbucks case, make sure to view the relevant multimedia
carefully with an eye toward the various ethical problems that this
company has had to confront. Reflect: Keep in mind that although the
notion of the moral good will vary among ethical theories, they often
produce the same or similar results. So you should focus on the
differences in (a) the intent and (b) the consequences of the action
under examination. In utilitarianism, for example, the consequences
of the action are weightier than the intent. Accordingly, even if the
intent was morally questionable, the action is nonetheless morally
good if it achieves good consequences for most. The opposite would
be the case if the action were being examined from a deontological
point of view. These reflections will aid your selection of an ethical
theory for your initial post, as well as your critical examinations of the
analysis from fellow students. Write: Start your initial post by
identifying two characteristics of utilitarianism, two characteristics of
virtue ethics, and two characteristics of deontology. Organize this part
of your post so that it is clear which characteristics belong to which
ethical theory. You can do this by means of subtitles, or by presenting
a table. You should aim to write one complete and clear sentence for
each characteristic rather than just one or a few words. Then, take the

3. position that Starbucks is guided by utilitarianism and analyze how
the notion of the moral good in utilitarianism leads to a unique
approach to ethical problems. The way to do this is as follows: • First,
present an ethical problem confronted by Starbucks. You can choose
one such ethical problem from the video. • Then, apply the
characteristics of utilitarianism that you identified for this discussion
in the attempt to solve this problem. • After this, analyze how the
notion of the moral good present in utilitarianism, and the
characteristics that you identified in particular, shape the approach to
solving this problem. Revise: This is your chance to correct any
oversights or errors in your initial post, or show your improved
understanding of the ethical theories and their applications. Start by
reading the feedback provided by your professor to your initial post,
either directly to you or to your fellow students. Use this as an
opportunity to learn from your professor, especially with regard to the
best ways to apply the course material and your research to your
analysis. On the basis of what you have learned in this process, post
an improved revision of your initial post that applies the additional
knowledge that you have gained. Remember that your grade depends
on the quality of your initial and revised responses, not just on the
submission of an attempt at improvement. It is thus to your advantage
to post the best initial post you can and then to also improve that best
effort as much as you can through revision. Taking this process
seriously will help you develop the skills you need to do well on the
final project. Requirements for Your Initial Post: o Your initial
post should be at least 400 words in length and have citations and
references in APA notation. It should address the prompt in its
entirety. This means that you should not split your response to the
prompt in multiple posts. Your examination should be both thorough
and succinct. This is a combination that demands time and thought, so
give yourself sufficient time to draft and revise. o Please be advised
that until you post, you will not see what your fellow students are
posting. Once you submit your post, you will be able to view the posts
from your other classmates. You can then proceed to reply to at least
two different threads based on the required material for this
discussion on virtue ethics and deontology. o Your list of
references for your initial post should include the video and the other

4. required material for this discussion, including Section 1.3 of the
textbook on Starbucks, as well as the Instructor Guidance and any
other announcements presented to you by your professor. Use all of
the material presented to you in the course and by your professor, in
addition to any other sources that you consulted to inform yourself
about Starbucks (but not Wikipedia or similar sources).
==============================================
PHI 445 Week 1 Quiz (3 Set)
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PHI 445 Week 1 Quiz (3 Set) 1 1. Question : Which of these
statements about moral values is true? 2. Question : When a
pharmaceutical company releases a new drug with known side effects
that will help more people than the side effects will harm, this is an
example of what type of ethics? 3. Question : Which of the
following ethical frameworks would support child labor if the
consequences produced better overall results than the available
alternatives? 4. Question : Groups could not function well if
members of groups were completely free to make decisions for
themselves about what to do and how to act. Which of the following
uses legal rules and organizational rules to keep order in groups? 5.
Question : Which of the following shifts the focus from
questions about what a person should do toward a focus on who a
personis? 6. Question : If Mr. Swanson, a college professor, says
that there is no such thing as right and wrong and treats questions
regarding what is good and evil as relative to an individual’s values
and culture, this is an example of the theory of 7. Question : The
Federal Communications Commission (FCC) regulates television and
radio media to ensure they do not broadcast vulgar language. This is

5. an example of the principle of 8. Question : Janelle gives to charity
because she enjoys the gratitude and recognition from the people she
helps. This is an example of 9. Question : The main idea of
utilitarianism is its focus on 10. Question : Which of the following
statements is true about divine command theory? 11. Question :
Mrs. Takeda jumps into an icy river to save a stranger. This is
an example of 12. Question : Limiting free speech by the
government would be an example of the 13. Question : Which theory
of ethics says that we should make decisions that produce “the
greatest good for the greatest number”? PHI 445 Week 1 Quiz (3 Set)
2 1. Question : Which of the following shifts the focus from
questions about what a person should do toward a focus on who a
personis? 2. Question : Which theory of ethics says that we
should make decisions that produce “the greatest good for the greatest
number”? 3. Question : Identify the theory that believes people
act only out of a self-interest. 4. Question : An example of an
intrinsic value for an employee would be 5. Question : If Mr.
Swanson, a college professor, says that there is no such thing as right
and wrong and treats questions regarding what is good and evil as
relative to an individual’s values and culture, this is an example of the
theory of 6. Question : When a pharmaceutical company releases
a new drug with known side effects that will help more people than
the side effects will harm, this is an example of what type of ethics? 7.
Question : The Federal Communications Commission (FCC)
regulates television and radio media to ensure they do not broadcast
vulgar language. This is an example of the principle of 8.
Question : Which of the following is an example of a human
right? 9. Question : The idea that character traits can contribute to
or take away from a happy and meaningful life describes 10.
Question : Groups could not function well if members of groups
were completely free to make decisions for themselves about what to
do and how to act. Which of the following uses legal rules and
organizational rules to keep order in groups? 11. Question :
According to philosopher John Locke, which of the following
statements about human rights is true? 12. Question : The main
idea of utilitarianism is its focus on 13. Question : The idea that we
are born with basic moral principles that we use to judge people’s

6. actions describes __________ theory. PHI 445 Week 1 Quiz (3 Set) 1.
Question : When a pharmaceutical company releases a new
drug with known side effects that will help more people than the side
effects will harm, this is an example of what type of ethics? 2.
Question : Which of the following is an example of a human
right? 3. Question : Which of the following shifts the focus from
questions about what a person should do toward a focus on who a
personis? 4. Question : If Mr. Swanson, a college professor, says
that there is no such thing as right and wrong and treats questions
regarding what is good and evil as relative to an individual’s values
and culture, this is an example of the theory of 5. Question : Janelle
gives to charity because she enjoys the gratitude and recognition from
the people she helps. This is an example of 6. Question : The
main idea of utilitarianism is its focus on 7. Question : The Federal
Communications Commission (FCC) regulates television and radio
media to ensure they do not broadcast vulgar language. This is an
example of the principle of 8. Question : Which theory of ethics
says that we should make decisions that produce “the greatest good
for the greatest number”? 9.Question : The idea that we are born with
basic moral principles that we use to judge people’s actions describes
__________ theory. 10. Question : Which of the following is a
legal right in the United States? 11. Question : The idea that
character traits can contribute to or take away from a happy and
meaningful life describes 12. Question : According to Immanuel
Kant, there is essentially one fundamental moral duty: 13.
Question : According to philosopher John Locke, which of the
following statements about human rights is true?
==============================================
PHI 445 Week 2 Discussion Capitalism and Socialism
Case Study: Uber
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7. PHI 445 Week 2 Discussion Capitalism and Socialism Case Study:
Uber Prepare: Your initial post in this discussion must be informed by
the required material for this discussion. The required material for this
discussion will introduce you to what is new about Uber as a business
model, the profit incentive in business, and how laws can make or
break innovation in business. Your preparation should focus on the
characteristics of capitalism and socialism, as well as other business
concepts presented in the required material. Since your initial post in
this discussion will examine the relation between running a business
such as Uber and the laws and economic system of the nation(s) in
which it operates, make sure to comb the material on Uber for laws,
regulations, and the economic setting that affect its operations. You
are encouraged to research relevant laws and regulations to make sure
that you have current information. You will also need to review the
material on the three ethical theories employed in the Week One
Discussion as you will draw from that material for this week’s
discussion too. Reflect: Keep in mind that Uber has presented itself
into the market not as a transportation service but as a service that
pairs consumers with ride sharing services by means of a unique
phone app. But some sources—including the taxi industry and one
California court finding (details in the required material), as well as
the characterization of Uber presented in Section 3.4 of the
textbook—seem to challenge this branding. According to these
sources, Uber is avoiding laws that apply to the transportation
industry and, thereby, usurping a rightful place that the taxi industry
has carved for itself. Consumers, on the other hand, have shown their
preference for Uber by a high demand for its services in the USA and
abroad, including those countries in which Uber has been banned.
Compared to taxis, Uber offers consumers an efficient system for
procuring a ride even in remote areas where taxis do not frequent, a
convenient payment method (no need for cash, and fares can be split
among different users on the same ride), and significantly cheaper
fares compared to taxis. In many instances, Uber cars come equipped
with water, candy, and magazines, all for free. Uber drivers are also
better off because they keep the majority of the fares for the rides that

8. they service, which is exactly the opposite case of taxi drivers, and
they can choose when they want to work. Clearly, this is a
controversial case and thus very apt for the examination for this
discussion. Keep in mind that a nation’s economic system is shaped
by the laws that are in place. Accordingly, laws (including state
regulations and local ordinances) will give you a clue for the kind of
economic system that exists. Keep in mind also that most nations
have mixed economies and there is probably no economic system that
purely represents socialism or capitalism. So you will find a different
combination of both socialism and capitalism in any nation that you
are examining. Write: You have four tasks for your initial post. In
order to present an organized post, address each one of these tasks in
a separate paragraph and in the following order. Your first task is to
articulate the economic system (or combination of characteristics of
both socialism and capitalism) that such laws depict. Your second
task is to examine the laws that either support or limit the operations
by Uber. Your third task is to analyze how your findings from your
first and second tasks affect Uber. And your fourth task is to present
your moral position with regard to Uber. For this latter task, you will
need to identify one of the three ethical theories covered in the Week
One (utilitarianism, deontology, or virtue ethics) as support for the
moral position that you are taking. For example, you may hold the
moral position that Uber is morally justifiable because it provides a
good for consumers that fills in a gap that had not been met by the
taxi industry. Or you may take the position that Uber’s positioning in
the market is morally wrong. Revise: Read the feedback provided by
your professor to your initial post, either directly to you or to your
fellow students. Use this as an opportunity to learn from your
professor, especially with regard to the best ways to apply the course
material and your research to your analysis. On the basis of what you
have learned in this process, post an improved revision of your initial
post that applies the additional knowledge that you have gained.
Remember that your grade depends on the quality of your initial and
revised responses, not just on the submission of an attempt at
improvement. It is thus to your advantage to post the best initial post
you can and then to also improve that best effort as much as you can
through revision. Taking this process seriously will help you develop

9. the skills you need to do well on the Final Project. Requirements for
Your Initial Post: • Your initial post should be at least 400 words in
length and have citations and references in APA notation. It should
address the prompt in its entirety. This means that you should not split
your response to the prompt in multiple posts. Your examination
should be both thorough and succinct. This is a combination that
demands time and thought, so give yourself sufficient time to draft
and revise.
==============================================
PHI 445 Week 2 Quiz (3 Set)
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PHI 445 Week 2 Quiz (3 Set) 1 1. Question : In 2007, a defense
contractor was found guilty for working with a co-conspirator to
submit bids with increased prices for a bulletproof vest contract so
that a particular company would win the contract at a lower price.
This is an example of 2. Question : In the late 1990s, Google,
Yahoo, and MSN purchased most of the existing search engines, such
as Lycros and Jeeves. Google now holds approximately a 90% share
of the market. This is an example of 3. Question : According to Karl
Marx, history is the record of 4. Question : Antitrust acts such as the
Sherman Antitrust Act of 1980 were passed to protect against 5.
Question : The idea that consumers buy luxury items without
considering the hard labor that went into making them is part of the
viewpoint of 6. Question : _________ claimed that if businesses
were allowed to follow their own self-interest, the economy of the
country would improve. 7. Question : One feature of a corporation is
that it can continue indefinitely beyond the lives of individual
managers and stockholders of the corporation. This is called 8.

10. Question : When a company’s leaders have the illusion of
invulnerability that causes them to underestimate factors that lead to
failure, this is an example of: 9. Question : States have the authority
to grant corporate charters, which give permission for corporations to
exist. When a state decides to revoke a corporation’s charter because
of some egregious crime, this is called corporate 10. Question :
Which of the following is not a business structure recognized by
the U.S. Internal Revenue Service? 11. Question : According to
economist Milton Friedman 12. Question : You are a shareholder in
a corporation that filed bankruptcy. The liabilities will be more than
the assets. What you will be required to pay will be based on PHI 445
Week 2 Quiz (3 Set) 2 1. Question : According to Karl Marx,
history is the record of 2. Question : Which of the following
statements is a criticism of capitalism? 3. Question : In 2007, a
defense contractor was found guilty for working with a co-conspirator
to submit bids with increased prices for a bulletproof vest contract so
that a particular company would win the contract at a lower price.
This is an example of 4. Question : In 2001, the government said
it would sue to stop the 4.3 billion dollar merger of American Airlines
and U.S. Airways that would create the world’s largest airline. The
government was concerned that the merger would create a(an)
____________ . 5. Question : One justification for government
regulation of commerce is to 6. Question : A few years ago, the
Bolivian government leased water rights in some of the country’s
poor, drought-stricken regions to private companies, including the
U.S. engineering company Bechtel. Shortly after Bechtel took control
in one area, water prices tripled, sparking protests. The privatization
of water is an example of 7.Question : In 2010, the group United
Students Against Sweatshops campaigned against the Fruit of the
Loom Company because the company had closed a Honduras plant
because it unionized. The result was 1,200 lost jobs. The student
campaign cost the company $50 million in lost contracts with U.S.
and British colleges. The company eventually reopened the factory
and paid $2.5 million in compensation to the workers. This is an
example of consumer 8. Question : One feature of a corporation is
that it can continue indefinitely beyond the lives of individual
managers and stockholders of the corporation. This is called 9.

11. Question : You are a shareholder in a corporation that filed
bankruptcy. The liabilities will be more than the assets. What you will
be required to pay will be based on 10. Question : Which of the
following statements is true about strategic misrepresentation? 11.
Question : The Triple Bottom Line approach measures the
success of sustainable businesses in terms of 12. Question : The
idea that corporations can be moral agents holds that PHI 445 Week 2
Quiz (3 Set) 1. Question : The viewpoint that business should be
privately controlled and not controlled by the government is a
perspective of a ________ economy. 2.Question : After Superstorm
Sandy hit New Jersey, some businesses such as gasoline stations and
car repair stores raised prices to bring in windfall profits off desperate
customers. This is an example of price 3. Question : When
competitors agree to maintain prices at a certain level, this is called 4.
Question : Welfare capitalism and _________ are more modern
versions of capitalism and socialism. 5.Question : One of the main
ideas of The Communist Manifesto is that the proletariat 6. Question :
A few years ago, the Bolivian government leased water rights in
some of the country’s poor, drought-stricken regions to private
companies, including the U.S. engineering company Bechtel. Shortly
after Bechtel took control in one area, water prices tripled, sparking
protests. The privatization of water is an example of 7. Question :
Which of the following is not a business structure recognized by the
U.S. Internal Revenue Service? 8. Question : One of the main
advantages of a corporation is 9. Question : When a company pleads
guilty to a crime and the government orders it to publish an apology,
that is an example of 10. Question : You are a shareholder in a
corporation that filed bankruptcy. The liabilities will be more than the
assets. What you will be required to pay will be based on 11.
Question : When two doctors decide to share office space for
their medical practices, they have formed a(an) 12. Question :
Rehabilitation, retribution, and ________ are reasons that
society has for punishing individuals for crimes.
==============================================
PHI 445 Week 3 Assignment Case Analysis (Factory
Farming :Perdue Farms)

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PHI 445 Week 3 Assignment Case Analysis: Case Studies: Lehman
Brothers, British Petroleum, Monsanto, Merck, Goodyear, Perdue
Farms In the Week Three Discussion, you selected a current business
problem from the following case categories: • Banking • Fuel
and the Environment •GMOs • Factory Farming •
Pharmaceuticals • Gender Discrimination In this written
assignment, you will present your work on the case analysis using
selected components of an argumentative essay as described in
Sections 9.1 and 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical
Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). This written
assignment will include a revised and polished version of your
discussion work, the presentation and support of two premises, and an
analysis of how your chosen ethical theory offers the best moral
solution to the business problem in your case analysis. Using the
components of the argumentative essay located in Sections 9.1 and
9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy,
Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo (2015), your assignment should include the
following: An introduction. This is the “Problem” portion of the essay
that is covered in Section 9.1: The Argumentative Essay (Hardy,
Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). This should be an improved
version of the introduction in your initial post, revised on the basis of
your professor’s feedback and additional research. In this introduction
you will need to (a) identify the specific issue or problem that you
want to address and give an impartial presentation of the controversy,
(b) articulate briefly the characteristics of the economic system that
serves as the setting for the business, and (c) examine the laws that
affect the operations of the business. The introduction should be one
paragraph of around 200 words in length. A thesis. Start a new
paragraph with a precise and clear sentence in which you state your

13. moral position with regard to the case that you presented in your first
paragraph. This is known as stating your thesis. (See the “Thesis”
passage in “The Argumentative Essay” in Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y
Postigo, 2015). The thesis you state here should be an improved
version of the thesis in your initial post in the discussion, revised on
the basis of your professor’s feedback and your reading of “The
Argumentative Essay” indicated above. A thesis is only one sentence,
so do not write a series of sentences, or a complex sentence with
explanatory clauses (e.g., “because...” or “since...” or “according to
Dr. Mary Expert, an economist with the Bureau of Labor statistics...”,
or “a law that was ratified with 80% votes in favor...”). An example of
a precise and clear thesis is this: “Factory farms are not morally
justifiable” or, of course, the opposite point of view: “Factory farms
are morally justifiable.” Keep in mind that your thesis in this
assignment will be the basis for the argumentative essay of the Week
Five written assignment, so take your time when formulating this
thesis. Ethical theory. In the same second paragraph as the thesis
statement, identify the ethical theory that supports your moral
position. You may choose from utilitarianism, duty ethics, or virtue
ethics. Present the characteristics of the ethical theory in a broad
sketch, and include citations and references in APA form. Then, apply
your chosen ethical theory by explaining how it lends itself to the
moral position that you are defending. Two premises. Present at least
two reasons in support of your thesis and these should be presented in
the form of a claim. These are called premises. Articulate each
premise in one clear and grammatically correct sentence. Review
Section 9.1 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking
(Foster, Hardy, and Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). Start a new paragraph
for each. In the rest of the paragraph, support your premise by
presenting an analysis of how the ethical theory lends itself to the best
solution. This analysis includes articulating the characteristics(s) of
the economic system at work that support the claims in your premises.
It also includes examining the effects of the law(s) at work that also
support the claims in your premises. Comparative analysis. In the
final paragraph, analyze how this application lends itself to a solution
that is superior to that offered by one of the ethical theories that you
did not select. To do this, provide a clear statement describing the

14. moral solution offered by this other theory. For example, if you chose
utilitarianism to apply to your case, then you can choose from either
virtue ethics or deontology for your comparative analysis. Explain in
no more than three sentences what moral solution would result from
the application of this other ethical theory. See the “Sample Case
Analysis” in the required reading for an illustration of how this would
look like. Finally, analyze the strengths of the moral solution
presented by your chosen ethical theory in ways that demonstrate how
it is superior to the moral solution offered by the other ethical theory.
Once you receive your assignment back from your professor, start
working on revisions based on your professor’s feedback. This is the
first step in preparing your Final Project and the details are presented
on the Final Project’s prompt. You will benefit from starting your
Final Project as soon as you receive your assignment back from your
professor. Requirements for Your Assignment: • Your assignment
should be 1000 words in length, excluding the title page and reference
page(s). • Your examination should be both thorough and succinct.
This is a combination that demands time and thought, so give yourself
sufficient time to draft and revise. • Your assignment should
include citations, as well as a list of references. Both must be in APA
form. • You should draw from the sources provided in your
chosen case category in the discussion this week. • Also refer to
Section 9.1: The Argumentative Essay and the introduction to Section
9.2: Strengthening the Argumentative Essay (intro only for the latter)
from Hardy, J., Foster, C., &Zúñiga y Postigo, G. (2015).
==============================================
PHI 445 Week 3 Assignment Case Analysis (Gender
Discrimination: Goodyear)
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15. PHI 445 Week 3 Assignment Case Analysis: Case Studies: Lehman
Brothers, British Petroleum, Monsanto, Merck, Goodyear, Perdue
Farms In the Week Three Discussion, you selected a current business
problem from the following case categories: • Banking • Fuel
and the Environment •GMOs • Factory Farming •
Pharmaceuticals • Gender Discrimination In this written
assignment, you will present your work on the case analysis using
selected components of an argumentative essay as described in
Sections 9.1 and 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical
Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). This written
assignment will include a revised and polished version of your
discussion work, the presentation and support of two premises, and an
analysis of how your chosen ethical theory offers the best moral
solution to the business problem in your case analysis. Using the
components of the argumentative essay located in Sections 9.1 and
9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy,
Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo (2015), your assignment should include the
following: An introduction. This is the “Problem” portion of the essay
that is covered in Section 9.1: The Argumentative Essay (Hardy,
Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). This should be an improved
version of the introduction in your initial post, revised on the basis of
your professor’s feedback and additional research. In this introduction
you will need to (a) identify the specific issue or problem that you
want to address and give an impartial presentation of the controversy,
(b) articulate briefly the characteristics of the economic system that
serves as the setting for the business, and (c) examine the laws that
affect the operations of the business. The introduction should be one
paragraph of around 200 words in length. A thesis. Start a new
paragraph with a precise and clear sentence in which you state your
moral position with regard to the case that you presented in your first
paragraph. This is known as stating your thesis. (See the “Thesis”
passage in “The Argumentative Essay” in Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y
Postigo, 2015). The thesis you state here should be an improved
version of the thesis in your initial post in the discussion, revised on
the basis of your professor’s feedback and your reading of “The
Argumentative Essay” indicated above. A thesis is only one sentence,
so do not write a series of sentences, or a complex sentence with

16. explanatory clauses (e.g., “because...” or “since...” or “according to
Dr. Mary Expert, an economist with the Bureau of Labor statistics...”,
or “a law that was ratified with 80% votes in favor...”). An example of
a precise and clear thesis is this: “Factory farms are not morally
justifiable” or, of course, the opposite point of view: “Factory farms
are morally justifiable.” Keep in mind that your thesis in this
assignment will be the basis for the argumentative essay of the Week
Five written assignment, so take your time when formulating this
thesis. Ethical theory. In the same second paragraph as the thesis
statement, identify the ethical theory that supports your moral
position. You may choose from utilitarianism, duty ethics, or virtue
ethics. Present the characteristics of the ethical theory in a broad
sketch, and include citations and references in APA form. Then, apply
your chosen ethical theory by explaining how it lends itself to the
moral position that you are defending. Two premises. Present at least
two reasons in support of your thesis and these should be presented in
the form of a claim. These are called premises. Articulate each
premise in one clear and grammatically correct sentence. Review
Section 9.1 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking
(Foster, Hardy, and Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). Start a new paragraph
for each. In the rest of the paragraph, support your premise by
presenting an analysis of how the ethical theory lends itself to the best
solution. This analysis includes articulating the characteristics(s) of
the economic system at work that support the claims in your premises.
It also includes examining the effects of the law(s) at work that also
support the claims in your premises. Comparative analysis. In the
final paragraph, analyze how this application lends itself to a solution
that is superior to that offered by one of the ethical theories that you
did not select. To do this, provide a clear statement describing the
moral solution offered by this other theory. For example, if you chose
utilitarianism to apply to your case, then you can choose from either
virtue ethics or deontology for your comparative analysis. Explain in
no more than three sentences what moral solution would result from
the application of this other ethical theory. See the “Sample Case
Analysis” in the required reading for an illustration of how this would
look like. Finally, analyze the strengths of the moral solution
presented by your chosen ethical theory in ways that demonstrate how

17. it is superior to the moral solution offered by the other ethical theory.
Once you receive your assignment back from your professor, start
working on revisions based on your professor’s feedback. This is the
first step in preparing your Final Project and the details are presented
on the Final Project’s prompt. You will benefit from starting your
Final Project as soon as you receive your assignment back from your
professor. Requirements for Your Assignment: • Your assignment
should be 1000 words in length, excluding the title page and reference
page(s). • Your examination should be both thorough and succinct.
This is a combination that demands time and thought, so give yourself
sufficient time to draft and revise. • Your assignment should
include citations, as well as a list of references. Both must be in APA
form. • You should draw from the sources provided in your
chosen case category in the discussion this week. • Also refer to
Section 9.1: The Argumentative Essay and the introduction to Section
9.2: Strengthening the Argumentative Essay (intro only for the latter)
from Hardy, J., Foster, C., &Zúñiga y Postigo, G. (2015).
==============================================
PHI 445 Week 3 Assignment Case Analysis (GMOs:
Monsanto)
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PHI 445 Week 3 Assignment Case Analysis: Case Studies: Lehman
Brothers, British Petroleum, Monsanto, Merck, Goodyear, Perdue
Farms In the Week Three Discussion, you selected a current business
problem from the following case categories: • Banking • Fuel
and the Environment •GMOs • Factory Farming •
Pharmaceuticals • Gender Discrimination In this written
assignment, you will present your work on the case analysis using

18. selected components of an argumentative essay as described in
Sections 9.1 and 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical
Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). This written
assignment will include a revised and polished version of your
discussion work, the presentation and support of two premises, and an
analysis of how your chosen ethical theory offers the best moral
solution to the business problem in your case analysis. Using the
components of the argumentative essay located in Sections 9.1 and
9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy,
Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo (2015), your assignment should include the
following: An introduction. This is the “Problem” portion of the essay
that is covered in Section 9.1: The Argumentative Essay (Hardy,
Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). This should be an improved
version of the introduction in your initial post, revised on the basis of
your professor’s feedback and additional research. In this introduction
you will need to (a) identify the specific issue or problem that you
want to address and give an impartial presentation of the controversy,
(b) articulate briefly the characteristics of the economic system that
serves as the setting for the business, and (c) examine the laws that
affect the operations of the business. The introduction should be one
paragraph of around 200 words in length. A thesis. Start a new
paragraph with a precise and clear sentence in which you state your
moral position with regard to the case that you presented in your first
paragraph. This is known as stating your thesis. (See the “Thesis”
passage in “The Argumentative Essay” in Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y
Postigo, 2015). The thesis you state here should be an improved
version of the thesis in your initial post in the discussion, revised on
the basis of your professor’s feedback and your reading of “The
Argumentative Essay” indicated above. A thesis is only one sentence,
so do not write a series of sentences, or a complex sentence with
explanatory clauses (e.g., “because...” or “since...” or “according to
Dr. Mary Expert, an economist with the Bureau of Labor statistics...”,
or “a law that was ratified with 80% votes in favor...”). An example of
a precise and clear thesis is this: “Factory farms are not morally
justifiable” or, of course, the opposite point of view: “Factory farms
are morally justifiable.” Keep in mind that your thesis in this
assignment will be the basis for the argumentative essay of the Week

19. Five written assignment, so take your time when formulating this
thesis. Ethical theory. In the same second paragraph as the thesis
statement, identify the ethical theory that supports your moral
position. You may choose from utilitarianism, duty ethics, or virtue
ethics. Present the characteristics of the ethical theory in a broad
sketch, and include citations and references in APA form. Then, apply
your chosen ethical theory by explaining how it lends itself to the
moral position that you are defending. Two premises. Present at least
two reasons in support of your thesis and these should be presented in
the form of a claim. These are called premises. Articulate each
premise in one clear and grammatically correct sentence. Review
Section 9.1 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking
(Foster, Hardy, and Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). Start a new paragraph
for each. In the rest of the paragraph, support your premise by
presenting an analysis of how the ethical theory lends itself to the best
solution. This analysis includes articulating the characteristics(s) of
the economic system at work that support the claims in your premises.
It also includes examining the effects of the law(s) at work that also
support the claims in your premises. Comparative analysis. In the
final paragraph, analyze how this application lends itself to a solution
that is superior to that offered by one of the ethical theories that you
did not select. To do this, provide a clear statement describing the
moral solution offered by this other theory. For example, if you chose
utilitarianism to apply to your case, then you can choose from either
virtue ethics or deontology for your comparative analysis. Explain in
no more than three sentences what moral solution would result from
the application of this other ethical theory. See the “Sample Case
Analysis” in the required reading for an illustration of how this would
look like. Finally, analyze the strengths of the moral solution
presented by your chosen ethical theory in ways that demonstrate how
it is superior to the moral solution offered by the other ethical theory.
Once you receive your assignment back from your professor, start
working on revisions based on your professor’s feedback. This is the
first step in preparing your Final Project and the details are presented
on the Final Project’s prompt. You will benefit from starting your
Final Project as soon as you receive your assignment back from your
professor. Requirements for Your Assignment: • Your assignment

20. should be 1000 words in length, excluding the title page and reference
page(s). • Your examination should be both thorough and succinct.
This is a combination that demands time and thought, so give yourself
sufficient time to draft and revise. • Your assignment should
include citations, as well as a list of references. Both must be in APA
form. • You should draw from the sources provided in your
chosen case category in the discussion this week. • Also refer to
Section 9.1: The Argumentative Essay and the introduction to Section
9.2: Strengthening the Argumentative Essay (intro only for the latter)
from Hardy, J., Foster, C., &Zúñiga y Postigo, G. (2015).
==============================================
PHI 445 Week 3 Discussion Currrent Business Problems:
Case Studies: Lehman Brothers, British Petroleum,
Monsanto, Merck, Goodyear, Perdue Farms
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This Tutorial contains 3 Responses British Petroleum, Goodyear,
Perdue Farms PHI 445 Week 3 Discussion Currrent Business
Problems: Case Studies: Lehman Brothers, British Petroleum,
Monsanto, Merck, Goodyear, Perdue Farms Prepare: In your first post
in this discussion, you will identify and apply one ethical theory of
your choosing to a current problem in business, also of your choosing.
Start by reviewing your notes on the Week One course material and
your completed work for Week One. Then, choose one of the three
ethical theories—i.e., utilitarianism, deontology, or virtue ethics—on
the basis of your thoughtfully considered preference in general and
independent of the business problem that you will select here. Keep in
mind that you will employ this ethical theory for supporting your
position not only for this discussion, but also for this week’s

21. assignment and the Final Project. To prepare for your selection of the
current problem in business, look at the list of required articles and
multimedia which are divided in the six case-categories as follows: •
Banking (Lehman Brothers) • Environment (BP) • GMOs
(Monsanto) • Pharmaceuticals (Merck) • Gender Discrimination
(Goodyear) • Factory Farms (Perdue) Choose the case-category
that you find the most interesting and note that each category also
corresponds to one particular case. Please choose carefully because
your choice for this discussion will establish the case that will be
central to your argumentative essay this week as well as your Final
Project in Week Five. It is recommended that you leaf through all the
required resources indicated for the possible case-categories that you
identify as possible contenders before making your final choice.
Reflect: Once you have selected your ethical theory and your case
category, articulate the characteristics of the economic system (or
combination of both systems) that serves as the setting for the case
presented in the case category sources. Given this context, examine
how the nation’s laws affect the operations of the business. Next,
identify the characteristics of your chosen ethical theory and its notion
of the moral good. For the latter, you will need to review again the
PowerPoint that was introduced in Week One, which is also listed in
this week’s Required Resources and it is titled The Moral Good in
Three Traditional Ethical Theories. Then, think how you would apply
the ethical theory to the specific problem presented in the case
category sources. Write: Start your post by (a) identifying the issue or
problem that you want to address in the case that you have selected
and providing an impartial presentation of the controversy, (b)
articulating briefly the characteristics of the economic system that
serves as the setting, and (c) examining the laws that affect the
operations of the business. The following illustration should help.
Consider, for example, the case of Uber that we examined in Week
Two. If the California decision establishes a precedent for similar
claims, then Uber would have to do business as an employer and not
merely as a service that pairs consumers with ride sharing services by
means of a unique phone app. Accordingly, the law would require
Uber to reimburse its drivers for certain costs and perhaps offer
benefits. Take in consideration, then, the legal setting for the case that

22. you have chosen. Does the case take place in the United States or
another country? What are the laws that are relevant to the problem
under examination? Keep in mind that all laws are constraints on our
actions, whether those by individuals or corporations. The relevant
laws, then, will be (a) any laws that present not only a constraint on
the company’s operations, (b) any laws that are being violated by the
corporation, or (c) any laws that unfairly limit the goods and services
that can be offered to and are demanded by consumers. In a second
paragraph, formulate a sentence that presents the moral position that
you want to defend in regard to the issue or problem introduced in the
previous paragraph. In the same paragraph, present the ethical theory
that you choose to employ. Your choices are utilitarianism,
deontology, and virtue ethics, and the necessary material is included
in the required readings and media. Make sure to identify the
characteristics of the ethical theory, and include in-text citations and
full references in APA form at the end of the post. Once you have
done this, apply the ethical theory to your selected case by explaining
how it lends itself to the moral position that you are defending.
==============================================
PHI 445 Week 4 Discussion The Effects of Business on
Consumers and the Environment: Case Study Perdue
Farms
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PHI 445 Week 4 Discussion The Effects of Business on Consumers
and the Environment: Case Study: Perdue Farms Prepare: In
preparation for your first post in this discussion, you will become
familiar with the case of Perdue Farms by means of the material listed
under Required Resources (Generally). You will also find more

23. material under Required Resources (Per Subject Heading) because the
specific task for this discussion is to examine this case with an eye for
any one of the following four subject headings in business ethics: (1)
the environment, (2) advertising, (3) consumer safety and (4) moral
responsibility. You must select one of these subject headings and your
selection will be the specific focus of your work for your discussion.
Accordingly, you will be responsible to complete the readings and
videos listed under your chosen subject heading. Reflect: If you
choose the environment subject heading, reflect on the sheer density
of chickens raised at any given time in the Perdue facilities. The
disposal of their discarded remains and their processing for
distribution, either individually and most definitely together, pose a
number of environmental concerns. If you choose the advertising
subject heading, reflect on how the two videos on Perdue farms
present the sharp contrast between the way the company presents its
product and the way in which it has been discovered to run its chicken
farms. Consider whether this is an example of failure to provide truth
in advertising and how you would support such a stance. If you
choose the consumer safety subject heading, reflect on the way in
which chickens raised in factory farms risks consumer safety. These
might include (a) bacterial contamination, (b) the effects of antibiotics
on the meat that is consumed, or (c) the release of adrenaline,
cortisone, and other chemicals resulting from the acute stress endured
by factory farm animals, which then becomes part of the meat that is
later consumed by humans. If you choose the moral responsibility
heading, reflect on the stewardship role that may fall upon humans
toward non-human animals. Can we utilize them as mere means to an
end (for entertainment, companionship, or food)? Or do we have
special obligations toward them (e.g., not to mistreat or torture them
and to slaughter them quickly and without stress) because they are
sentient beings? Once you have completed the indicated readings and
videos, reflect on the ethical theories that we have covered in the
discussions thus far and identify one that you want to apply for your
analysis in your discussion post. Also, reflect on the regulations (or
lack thereof) in the factory farming industry in order to be able to
examine how our nation’s laws affect the operations of the business.
You will need to research the applicable laws on the factory farming

24. industry. Finally, since Perdue Farms is an American corporation,
reflect on the mixed economic system in the United States in order to
articulate the setting for the operations of factory farming, and then,
be able to analyze the ethical actions of Perdue given this setting.
Write: In the first part of your initial post, you will need to introduce
the Perdue case within the particular subject heading that you have
chosen. In this introduction, you will also need to (1) articulate the
relevant characteristics of our mixed economic system and (2) present
the regulations for the factory farming industry. These will provide
the setting for you to be able to examine how the nation’s laws affect
its operations. In the second part of your initial post, present your
analysis of the problem in a way that identifies which entities (Perdue
as a corporation, the economic system in the USA, the regulatory
control of the state, or all of these) have a role in the problem that you
have presented. In your analysis, you must assess the negative effects
of the interplay between business activity and one of the following:
the environment, advertising, consumer safety, or corporate social
responsibility. Your focus must be an ethical analysis of this
interplay, and it must be well supported by reliable and/or scholarly
sources by clearly identifying the ethical theory that you are applying
in your analysis. Revise: Read the feedback provided by your
professor to your initial post, either directly to you or to your fellow
students. Use this as an opportunity to learn from your professor,
especially with regard to the best ways to apply the course material
and your research to your analysis. On the basis of what you have
learned in this process, post an improved revision of your initial post
that applies the additional knowledge that you have gained.
Remember that your grade depends on the quality of your initial and
revised responses, not just on the submission of an attempt at
improvement. It is thus to your advantage to post the best initial post
you can and then to also improve that best effort as much as you can
through revision. Taking this process seriously will help you develop
the skills you need to do well on the Final Project. Requirements for
Your Initial Post: • Your initial post should be at least 400 words in
length and have citations and references in APA notation. It should
address the prompt in its entirety. This means that you should not split
your response to the prompt in multiple posts. Your examination

25. should be both thorough and succinct. This is a combination that
demands time and thought, so give yourself sufficient time to draft
and revise. • Please be advised that until you post, you will not see
what your fellow students are posting. Once you submit your post,
you will be able to view the posts from your other classmates. You
can then proceed to reply to at least two different threads based on the
required material for this discussion. • Your list of references for
your initial post should include the videos and the other required
reading material for this discussion, the Instructor Guidance, and any
other announcements presented to you by your professor. List all the
course material that informed your work in the list of references and
cite these too where appropriate. In addition, your references should
include any other sources that you consult to inform yourself (but not
Wikipedia or similar sources). • Your initial post for this discussion
should be submitted no later than the end of Thursday (11:59 pm,
U.S. Mountain time).
==============================================
PHI 445 Week 5 Discussion Discrimination Laws:
Advantages and Disadvantages for both Employees and
Business Case Study: Abercrombie & Fitch
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PHI 445 Week 5 Discussion Discrimination Laws: Advantages and
Disadvantages for both Employees and Business Case Study:
Abercrombie & Fitch Prepare: In your first post in this discussion,
you will become familiar with the case of Abercrombie & Fitch by
means of the relevant material in the Required Resources this week.
There is also a specific media feature located at the end of Section 5.3
of the textbook titled Workplace Discrimination: Abercrombie &

26. Fitch. In order to be prepared for this task, you will need to complete
the required readings and media listed. Reflect: There are two sides to
consider in the Abercrombie & Fitch case. On the one hand, we have
the job candidate’s side. She went to the job interview wearing a
hijab. The interviewer did not remark on the hijab, and the candidate
also did not volunteer that her religious beliefs required her to wear a
hijab. She was subsequently not hired based on the perception that her
appearance was incongruous with the company’s look policy. For
example, caps are not permitted and the male sales associates
(referred to as “models” in the company’s corporate language) are
often shirtless and in sweatpants in order to create the mood at the
stores for the aesthetic for which Abercrombie & Fitch has become
known: young, preppy, and hormonally charged. When she was
notified that she was not hired for the position, she filed a complaint
with the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission that, in turn,
filed a lawsuit on her behalf alleging a violation of Title VII. On the
other hand, we have Abercrombie & Fitch’s side. As a company
doing business in the United States, Abercrombie & Fitch is legally
permitted to hire those employees who fit its look policy. This is no
different from the look requirements for the Dallas Cowboys
Cheerleaders, the Chicago Bulls, the New York City Ballet company,
or for jockeys hired by thoroughbred owners to race them at the
Kentucky Derby. In all of these cases, there are height, size, and other
look requirements for employment that are justified by the particular
demands and aesthetics of the position. She was found to be qualified
for the job but her dress was clearly in conflict with Abercrombie &
Fitch’s look policy. Yet, the job applicant knowingly sought
employment at this retailer. According to the law, should a special
accommodation be required due to a religious practice, then Title VII
dictates that the look requirements give way to the religious
requirement in order not to be considered an act of religious
discrimination. The EEOC prevailed in the District Court, but this
judgment was reversed by the Tenth Circuit on the ground that
failure-to-accommodate liability only attaches when a job candidate
provides the potential employer with knowledge of the need for an
accommodation due to religious practice. Once it reached the
Supreme Court, the decision was made in favor of the job candidate.

27. According to Justice Scalia, Title VII does not demand mere
neutrality with regard to religious practices—that they be treated no
worse than other practices. Rather, it gives them favored treatment,
affirmatively obligating employers not “to fail or refuse to hire or
discharge any individual . . . because of such individual’s” “religious
observance and practice.” An employer is surely entitled to have, for
example, a no headwear policy as an ordinary matter. But when an
applicant requires an accommodation as an “aspec[t] of religious . . .
practice,” it is no response that the subsequent “fail[ure] . . . to hire”
was due to an otherwise-neutral policy. Title VII requires otherwise-
neutral policies to give way to the need for an accommodation. The
only dissenting opinion was that of Justice Thomas who wrote: Mere
application of a neutral policy cannot constitute “intentional
discrimination.”...I would hold that Abercrombie’s conduct did not
constitute “intentional discrimination.” Abercrombie refused to create
an exception to its neutral Look Policy for Samantha Elauf ’s
religious practice of wearing a headscarf... In doing so, it did not treat
religious practices less favorably than similar secular practices, but
instead remained neutral with regard to religious practices...Resisting
this straightforward application of §1981a, the majority expands the
meaning of “intentional discrimination” to include a refusal to give a
religious applicant “favored treatment.”...But contrary to the
majority’s assumption, this novel theory of discrimination is not
commanded by the relevant statutory text. Write: In the first part of
your initial post, you will need to introduce the Abercrombie & Fitch
lawsuit. In this introduction, you will also need to (1) articulate the
freedoms that companies in the United States enjoy given our
relatively-free market system and (2) present the Title VII regulations
concerning employment discrimination. These will provide the setting
for you to be able to examine how the nation’s laws affect the hiring
practices of Abercrombie & Fitch and other companies whose hiring
policy includes a particular aesthetic for employees. In the second part
of your initial post, present your analysis of this case in a way that
identifies which entities (Abercrombie & Fitch as a corporation, the
economic system in the USA, the regulatory control of the state, or all
of these) have a role in the problem that led to the lawsuit under
examination. In your analysis, you must assess the positive or

28. negative effects of the interplay between business activity and one of
the following: the free- market system, advertising, hiring regulations,
or corporate social responsibility. Your focus must be an ethical
analysis of this interplay. Be sure to clearly identify the ethical theory
that you are applying in your analysis, and to support your analysis by
reliable and/or scholarly sources. Revise: Read the feedback provided
by your professor to your initial post, either directly to you or to your
fellow students. Use this as an opportunity to learn from your
professor, especially with regard to the best ways to apply the course
material and your research to your analysis. On the basis of what you
have learned in this process, post an improved revision of your initial
post that applies the additional knowledge that you have gained.
Remember that your grade depends on the quality of your initial and
revised responses, not just on the submission of an attempt at
improvement. It is thus to your advantage to post the best initial post
you can and then to also improve that best effort as much as you can
through revision. Requirements for Your Initial Post: • Your initial
post should be at least 350 words in length and have citations and
references in APA notation. It should address the prompt in its
entirety. This means that you should not split your response to the
prompt in multiple posts. Your examination should be both thorough
and succinct. This is a combination that demands time and thought, so
give yourself sufficient time to draft and revise. • Please be advised
that until you post, you will not see what your fellow students are
posting. Once you submit your post, you will be able to view the posts
from your other classmates. You can then proceed to reply to at least
two different threads based on the required material for this
discussion. • Your list of references for your initial post should
include not only the video and the other required material for this
discussion, as well as the Instructor Guidance and any other
announcements presented to you by your professor. Use all of the
material presented to you in the course and by your professor, in
addition to any other sources that you consulted to inform yourself
about this case (but not Wikipedia or similar sources). • Your initial
post for this discussion should be submitted no later than the end of
Thursday (11:59 pm, U.S. Mountain time).
==============================================

29. PHI 445 Week 5 Final Project Argumentative Essay
(Factory Farming :Perdue Farms)
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In the Week Three Assignment, you engaged in a case analysis of a
current business problem using some of the components of an
argumentative essay. In this written assignment, you will write a
complete argumentative essay as described in Sections 9.1 and 9.2 of
With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking(Foster, Hardy,
&Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). This essay will include a revised and
polished version of your Week Three Assignment, an objection to
your thesis, a rebuttal, and concluding remarks. In order to benefit the
most, you should start working on your Final Project from the time
you receive your Week Three Assignment back with comments from
your professor. Your assignment should include the following: A
revision of your Week Three Case Analysis Assignment. Your
revision should represent a substantial edit of your work that fully
incorporates feedback from your professor and goes well beyond
correcting any grammatical or APA errors. The strongest possible
objection to your thesis. After the final paragraph of your Week Three
Case Analysis Assignment, start a new paragraph that introduces the
strongest possible objection to your thesis. The considerations for this
are detailed in Section 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical
Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). Make sure to
employ the appropriate language to introduce the objection, such as
“some may object to my thesis as follows” or “according to [so and
so] the thesis presented here fails to account for X” [whatever he or
she finds problematic]. You can find other language to do this, of
course, but the key point here is to make sure that you indicate that

30. someone else is speaking when presenting this objection. It is also
important to remember that you do research to discover good
objections and not merely objections that are weak and thus easily
rebutted. Look for peer-reviewed journal articles in the Ashford
University Library, full- text articles in Google Scholar, or articles in
the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Present the opposing
position fairly and in detail. This may take more than one paragraph.
A rebuttal. This is a refutation of the objection that you have just
presented. Start this in a new paragraph following the objection
paragraph(s). Once again, follow the indications of Section 9.2 of
With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy, Foster,
&Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). You may point out an error in the
objection. Or you may show that, while it is an important objection, it
does not apply squarely to your argument, or does not account for
facts that make it irrelevant. Above all, make sure to maintain
philosophical decorum in your rebuttal. Toward this end, you should
apply the principles of charity and of accuracy, first introduced in the
Week One course material. See “Confronting Disagreement” in
Section 9.4 ofWith Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking
(Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). Closing remarks. End your
argumentative essay with a paragraph of closing remarks. Provide
some reflections of what you have attempted to achieve by means of
your essay. You could, for example, explain how your essay sheds
light on the broader controversy that it addresses. Or you could point
out how your essay addresses a frequently ignored point or the
unpopular side in the controversy. You could also reflect on the
related matters in the broader controversy that would be useful to
examine by others. Do not merely summarize what you have done in
the body of your essay, and do not add new information here that
would support or contradict your essay since the body of your essay
should have addressed all the relevant points. See “Closing Your
Essay” in Section 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical
Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo (2015). Requirements
for your Assignment: • Your assignment should be between 1500
to 1700 words in length, excluding the cover and references pages. •
Your examination should be both thorough and succinct. This is
a combination that demands time and thought, so give yourself

31. sufficient time to draft and revise. • Your assignment should
include citations, as well as a list of references. Both must be in APA
form. • Your references should include at least four peer-reviewed
articles in addition to those that you will be carrying over from our
Week Three Case Analysis Assignment. These references should be
drawn from the Ashford University Library, Google Scholar, or the
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. • Your assignment should
be submitted no later than the end of Monday (midnight, U.S.
Mountain time).
==============================================
PHI 445 Week 5 Final Project Argumentative Essay
(Gender Discrimination: Goodyear)
FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
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In the Week Three Assignment, you engaged in a case analysis of a
current business problem using some of the components of an
argumentative essay. In this written assignment, you will write a
complete argumentative essay as described in Sections 9.1 and 9.2 of
With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking(Foster, Hardy,
&Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). This essay will include a revised and
polished version of your Week Three Assignment, an objection to
your thesis, a rebuttal, and concluding remarks. In order to benefit the
most, you should start working on your Final Project from the time
you receive your Week Three Assignment back with comments from
your professor. Your assignment should include the following: A
revision of your Week Three Case Analysis Assignment. Your
revision should represent a substantial edit of your work that fully
incorporates feedback from your professor and goes well beyond
correcting any grammatical or APA errors. The strongest possible

32. objection to your thesis. After the final paragraph of your Week Three
Case Analysis Assignment, start a new paragraph that introduces the
strongest possible objection to your thesis. The considerations for this
are detailed in Section 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical
Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). Make sure to
employ the appropriate language to introduce the objection, such as
“some may object to my thesis as follows” or “according to [so and
so] the thesis presented here fails to account for X” [whatever he or
she finds problematic]. You can find other language to do this, of
course, but the key point here is to make sure that you indicate that
someone else is speaking when presenting this objection. It is also
important to remember that you do research to discover good
objections and not merely objections that are weak and thus easily
rebutted. Look for peer-reviewed journal articles in the Ashford
University Library, full- text articles in Google Scholar, or articles in
the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Present the opposing
position fairly and in detail. This may take more than one paragraph.
A rebuttal. This is a refutation of the objection that you have just
presented. Start this in a new paragraph following the objection
paragraph(s). Once again, follow the indications of Section 9.2 of
With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy, Foster,
&Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). You may point out an error in the
objection. Or you may show that, while it is an important objection, it
does not apply squarely to your argument, or does not account for
facts that make it irrelevant. Above all, make sure to maintain
philosophical decorum in your rebuttal. Toward this end, you should
apply the principles of charity and of accuracy, first introduced in the
Week One course material. See “Confronting Disagreement” in
Section 9.4 ofWith Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking
(Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). Closing remarks. End your
argumentative essay with a paragraph of closing remarks. Provide
some reflections of what you have attempted to achieve by means of
your essay. You could, for example, explain how your essay sheds
light on the broader controversy that it addresses. Or you could point
out how your essay addresses a frequently ignored point or the
unpopular side in the controversy. You could also reflect on the
related matters in the broader controversy that would be useful to

33. examine by others. Do not merely summarize what you have done in
the body of your essay, and do not add new information here that
would support or contradict your essay since the body of your essay
should have addressed all the relevant points. See “Closing Your
Essay” in Section 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical
Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo (2015). Requirements
for your Assignment: • Your assignment should be between 1500
to 1700 words in length, excluding the cover and references pages. •
Your examination should be both thorough and succinct. This is
a combination that demands time and thought, so give yourself
sufficient time to draft and revise. • Your assignment should
include citations, as well as a list of references. Both must be in APA
form. • Your references should include at least four peer-reviewed
articles in addition to those that you will be carrying over from our
Week Three Case Analysis Assignment. These references should be
drawn from the Ashford University Library, Google Scholar, or the
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. • Your assignment should
be submitted no later than the end of Monday (midnight, U.S.
Mountain time).
==============================================
PHI 445 Week 5 Final Project Argumentative Essay
(GMOs: Monsanto)
FOR MORE CLASSES VISIT
www.phi445mart.com
In the Week Three Assignment, you engaged in a case analysis of a
current business problem using some of the components of an
argumentative essay. In this written assignment, you will write a
complete argumentative essay as described in Sections 9.1 and 9.2 of
With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking(Foster, Hardy,

34. &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). This essay will include a revised and
polished version of your Week Three Assignment, an objection to
your thesis, a rebuttal, and concluding remarks. In order to benefit the
most, you should start working on your Final Project from the time
you receive your Week Three Assignment back with comments from
your professor. Your assignment should include the following: A
revision of your Week Three Case Analysis Assignment. Your
revision should represent a substantial edit of your work that fully
incorporates feedback from your professor and goes well beyond
correcting any grammatical or APA errors. The strongest possible
objection to your thesis. After the final paragraph of your Week Three
Case Analysis Assignment, start a new paragraph that introduces the
strongest possible objection to your thesis. The considerations for this
are detailed in Section 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical
Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). Make sure to
employ the appropriate language to introduce the objection, such as
“some may object to my thesis as follows” or “according to [so and
so] the thesis presented here fails to account for X” [whatever he or
she finds problematic]. You can find other language to do this, of
course, but the key point here is to make sure that you indicate that
someone else is speaking when presenting this objection. It is also
important to remember that you do research to discover good
objections and not merely objections that are weak and thus easily
rebutted. Look for peer-reviewed journal articles in the Ashford
University Library, full- text articles in Google Scholar, or articles in
the Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Present the opposing
position fairly and in detail. This may take more than one paragraph.
A rebuttal. This is a refutation of the objection that you have just
presented. Start this in a new paragraph following the objection
paragraph(s). Once again, follow the indications of Section 9.2 of
With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking (Hardy, Foster,
&Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). You may point out an error in the
objection. Or you may show that, while it is an important objection, it
does not apply squarely to your argument, or does not account for
facts that make it irrelevant. Above all, make sure to maintain
philosophical decorum in your rebuttal. Toward this end, you should
apply the principles of charity and of accuracy, first introduced in the

35. Week One course material. See “Confronting Disagreement” in
Section 9.4 ofWith Good Reason: A Guide to Critical Thinking
(Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo, 2015). Closing remarks. End your
argumentative essay with a paragraph of closing remarks. Provide
some reflections of what you have attempted to achieve by means of
your essay. You could, for example, explain how your essay sheds
light on the broader controversy that it addresses. Or you could point
out how your essay addresses a frequently ignored point or the
unpopular side in the controversy. You could also reflect on the
related matters in the broader controversy that would be useful to
examine by others. Do not merely summarize what you have done in
the body of your essay, and do not add new information here that
would support or contradict your essay since the body of your essay
should have addressed all the relevant points. See “Closing Your
Essay” in Section 9.2 of With Good Reason: A Guide to Critical
Thinking (Hardy, Foster, &Zúñiga y Postigo (2015). Requirements
for your Assignment: • Your assignment should be between 1500
to 1700 words in length, excluding the cover and references pages. •
Your examination should be both thorough and succinct. This is
a combination that demands time and thought, so give yourself
sufficient time to draft and revise. • Your assignment should
include citations, as well as a list of references. Both must be in APA
form. • Your references should include at least four peer-reviewed
articles in addition to those that you will be carrying over from our
Week Three Case Analysis Assignment. These references should be
drawn from the Ashford University Library, Google Scholar, or the
Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. • Your assignment should
be submitted no later than the end of Monday (midnight, U.S.
Mountain time).
==============================================