2. A Six Sigma Project Life Cycle
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3. Which Test / Tool to Choose
(output) (input)
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4. Variable Gauge R&R acceptable criteria for Minitab Output
Components of Variation
Gage R&R
%Contribution
Source VarComp (of VarComp) Criteria %Contribution % Tolerance % Process
Total Gage R&R 0.0044375 10.67 (of Var Comp) (SV/Toler) (SV/Proc)
Repeatability 0.0012917 3.10
Marginally <9% <30% <30%
Reproducibility 0.0031458 7.56
Operator 0.0009120 2.19 Acceptable
Operator*Part 0.0022338 5.37 Good
Part-To-Part 0.0371644 89.33
<4% <20% <20%
Total Variation 0.0416019 100.00 Excellent <1% <10% <10%
Study Var %Study Var %Tolerance %Process
Source StdDev (SD) (6 * SD) (%SV) (SV/Toler) (SV/Proc)
Total Gage R&R 0.066615 0.39969 32.66 28.55 37.01
Repeatability 0.035940 0.21564 17.62 15.40 19.97
Reproducibility 0.056088 0.33653 27.50 24.04 31.16
Operator 0.030200 0.18120 14.81 12.94 16.78
Operator*Part 0.047263 0.28358 23.17 20.26 26.26
Part-To-Part 0.192781 1.15668 94.52 82.62 107.10
Total Variation 0.203965 1.22379 100.00 87.41 113.31
Number of Distinct Categories = 4 In addition , Number of Distinct Categories >= 4
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5. Sources of Variation in a Process
Observed Process
Variation
Actual Process Measurement
variation Variation
Long Term Short Term Variation Variation due Variation due
Process Process Within a to gauge to operator
Variation Variation Sample
Accuracy or
Reproducibility
Bias
Repeatability Stability
Linearity
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6. Box and Whisker Plots
Min Q1 M Q3 Max
smallest First, Second and Third Quartiles largest
value (Second Quartile is the Median, M) value
Inter Quartile Range (Q3-Q1)
Q1-1.5 x (IQR) Q3+1.5 x (IQR)
Boxplot *
Smallest Data Value > Lower Fence Largest Data Value < Upper Fence Outlier
(Min unless min is an outlier) (Max unless max is an outlier)
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7. Box and Whisker Plots
80 x
x
70 x
60
x Extend the
the working out
Cumulative frequency
50 x lines below the
x axis
40
x
30 Median UQ
20
x
LQ x Maximum value
Minimum value 10 x
x
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
Weight (g)
Draw the box
plot like this
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