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4. CONTROL
AND
COORDINATION

5. WHAT IS CONTROLAND WHAT IS COORDINATION
CONTROL COORDINATION

6. WHAT IS CONTROLAND WHAT IS COORDINATION
When various parts of a body work in a regulated manner it is known as
control and coordination

7. COORDINATION AND ITS TYPES
COORDINATION
NERVOUS HORMONAL
Animals
(Not in plants)
Message electrical impulse -Fast
Animals and Plants
Message chemical hormones - Slow

8. NERVOUS COORDINATION IN HUMANS
Nervous System
CENTRAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM
PERIPHERAL
NERVOUS SYSTEM
BRAIN SPINAL CORD SOMATIC AUTOMATIC
Type of Nerves
Cranial
Nerve
Brain
Spinal Cord
Spinal
Nerve
Controls Voluntary
muscles & transmits
Sensory information
to the CNS
SOMATIC
Controls
Involuntary body
functions
SYMPATHETIC
Arouses body to
expend energy
PARA-SYMPATHETIC
Clams body to conserve
& maintain energy

10. NEURON – THE NERVE CELL
Dendrite
Nucleus
Axon
Nerve ending

11. TYPES OF NEURON

12. TYPES OF SENSORY NEURON
TOUCH TASTE HEARING VISION SMELL
THIGMO – RECEPTOR (Skin - Touch)
GUSTATO – RECEPTOR (Tongue - Touch)
PHOTO – RECEPTOR (Eye - Light)
AUDIO – RECEPTOR (Ear - Sound)
OLFACTO – RECEPTOR (Skin - Touch)

13. DIAGRAM OF NEURON

14. HUMAN BRAIN FUNCTION
Left Brain Function Right Brain Function
ANALYSIS
LOGIC
IDEA
FACTS
MATH
TRAINING
CREATIVITY
INTUITION
ARTS
CREATION
FEELING
IMAGINATION
Right brain – Left brain each hemisphere controls
the opposite side of the body.

15. 1) HUMAN BRAIN

16. PROTECTION OF BRAIN

17. FOREBRAIN
It is the complex and specified part of the brain.
It Consists Of Cerebrum.
Functions of forebrain
Thinking part of the brain.
Control the voluntary actions.
Store information (Memory)
Receives sensory impulses from various
parts of the body and integrate it.
Centre associated with hunger.

18. FUNCTION OF MID-BRAIN AND HIND-BRAIN
Functions of forebrain
CEREBELLUM → Controls posture and balance.
It controls precision action.
Example: Picking pen.
MEDULLA → Controls involuntary actions.
Example: Salivation, blood pressure, vomiting.
PONS → Involuntary actions, regulation of
respiration

19. SPINAL CORD
1) Spinal Cord connects Large parts of
the peripheral nervous system to the brain.
Functions
2) Reflex Action

20. WHAT IS REFLEX ACTION
It is a quick sudden and immediate response of the body to a stimulus.
Example – Knee jerk, withdrawal of hand on touching a hot object.

21. WHAT IS REFLEX ARC
The reflex arc is the nerve pathway that is followed by reflex action. An example of the
reflex arc is it happens when we accidentally touch something hot. The change in
temperature is detected by the receptor first.

22. TYPES OF RESPONSES
Voluntary Action Involuntary Action Reflex Action

23. HORMONAL COORDINATION
PLANT HORMONE HUMAN HORMONE

24. PLANT HORMONE
TYPE OF PHYTOHORMONES OR GROWTH REGULATORS
GROWTH PROMOTERS GROWTH INHIBITORS
1
2
3
AUXINS - CELL ELONGATION
GIBBERELLINS
CYTOKININS
1
2
ABSCISIC ACID
ETHYLENE
Gibberllins - Stimulates stem elongation and leaf expansion.
Ethylene - Ripening of fruit , the opening of flower, and the
abscission (or shedding of leaves) of leaves.

25. Germination
Growth to
maturity
Flowering
Fruit
development
Abscission
Seed
dormancy
Gibberellin
Auxin
Cytokinin
Ethylene
abscisic
acid

26. HUMAN HORMONES (ENDOCRINE)
Glands Hormones Functions
Pituitary
Growth
hormone
▪ Regulates growth
▪ Controls the functioning of
endocrine glands
Thyroid Thyroxine
▪ Controls the metabolism rate.
▪ It also brings about balanced
growth.
Parathyroid Parathormone
▪ Controls calcium balance of the
body.
Adrenal Adrenaline ▪ Prepares body for emergency.
Pancreas Insulin ▪ Controls glucose level of the
blood.
Testes Testosterone
▪ Controls growth and development
of male reproductive system.
Ovaries
Oestrogen,
progesterone
▪ Controls growth and development
of female reproductive system.

27. FEEDBACK MECHANISM
▪ A Feedback Mechanism regulates the action of the hormones.
▪ The timing and amount of hormone released are regulated by feedback mechanisms.
For example, if the sugar levels in blood rise, they are detected by the cells of the
pancreas which respond by producing more insulin. As the blood sugar level falls, insulin
secretion is reduced.

28. MOVEMENT IN PLANTS
Tropic Movement Nastic Movement
Growth Dependent
Response is slow
Growth Independent
Response is slow
Example Dropping of leaves of Mimosa
plant on Touching
It is directional

29. MOVEMENT IN PLANTS
Tropic Movement
It is directional
Phototropism
(Movement
towards light)
Geotropism
(Response to
Gravity)
Hydrotropism
(Response to
Water)
Thigmotropism
(Response to
Touch)
Chemotropism
(Response to
Chemical)

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