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Mobile WiMAX drives speed to market for 4G networks By Data Sharan Mishra, Qtel
1. WiMax 2010 – New Delhi
Mobile WiMAX drives speed to
market for 4G networks
By
Data Sharan Mishra, M.Tech. M.I.E.E.E.
Network Architecture Expert, Qtel
23rd April 2010
2. Agenda
—Need for wireless 4G solutions today
—WiMAX technology enjoys a significant time to market
advantage for seeking to deliver the 4G experience.
—Vendors committed to this technology path are challenging
the traditional mobile infrastructure ecosystem
—Highlighting the technology innovation and network
deployment Experience.
3. Technology and Market Dynamics
Drive Changes
Network
Market Conditions
Transformation
& Telecom Industry
&
Technology
Regulatory
•Opportunity for new
•Massive Growth of
services
Data Traffic •Narrowband to
•New Network
•More Competitor Broadband
Architecture
•Flat growth of Voice •Vertical to Horizontal
•Changes of Control point
Traffic Layering
•Globalization
•Open Standard •Deregulation
•Flexibility & operational
•Maturity of IP •Convergence
efficiency
4. Statements …..
•ARPU is declining
•Competition is Increasing
•Focus shall be alternative revenue stream
•Roles and responsibilities in Value-Chain
•Drivers and Barriers
•It is evolving
5. Cross-industry Penetration and Intensifying
Competition
Carriers compete on a broader scale
Expanding into the IT service field to create value for business users
Expanding into content & entertainment and other fields to create value for
end users
Applications
IT Infrastructure
Mobile
Fixed Voice/Data
Content,
Entertainment
Broadband
Internet
6. Market News ………
•The 2033 concept would allow for the device to capture memories directly from the user’s brain, through a process
Motorola calls "organic memory capture".
•Rel-8 introduced dual-carrier HSDPA operation in the downlink while Rel-9 similarly introduced dual-carrier HSUPA
operation in the uplink and also enhanced the dual-carrier HSDPA operation by combining it with MIMO.
•A reported 130 operators around the world have written LTE into their technology roadmaps. In December 2009,
TeliaSonera launched the world’s first LTE networks in Norway and Sweden and an estimated 17 operators are expected
to follow in its footsteps in 2010.
•“LTE must efficiently and seamlessly coexist with existing wireless technologies during its rise to becoming the leading
next-generation wireless technology.”
•"The demand for LTE femtocells is unquestionable. We are already seeing operators asking for small cell access points
to start testing in the second half of this year. Femtocells represent the key to avoiding the difficulties surrounding the
first 3G deployments where roll-outs cost too much, took too long and did not meet user expectations
•India's mobile phone companies added an average of nearly 15 million subscribers a month in 2009 to bring the total
number of cellular users to 525.15 million - up 51.4 percent from December 2008.
•HSPA+ was generally the most efficient way of upgrading use of bandwidth already in use and was likely to dominate
in the short term at least, with an estimated 1.4 billion subscribers worldwide by 2013, around ten times the estimated
take-up of LTE.
•HSPA+ release 7, which became available last year, uses MIMO technology like that in 11n Wifi to help take the peak
downlink throughput to 28Mbps, with 11Mbps on the uplink. Release 8, for which chipsets will become available this
year, aggregates two carrier signals to bring peak data rates to 42Mbps on the downlink.
•Release 9 will put two MIMO streams on each of two 5MHz carriers, aggregated to produce a 10MHz data pipe
delivering 84Mbps on the downlink; the uplink uses simple aggregation to 23Mbps. A projected Release 10 would bring
the peak downlink speed to 168Mbps, though this would require 20MHz carriers only available in the 2.5GHz and
2.6GHz bands.
7. Indian Telecom Market- The Facts
Since liberalization in 1991 :
•Unprecedented growth ---US$ 200 Billion worth platform
•Contributing to GDP Growth ---13%
•Wireless Market ---400 Million
•Pre Paid --- more than 90%
Pre
•Post paid --- less than 10%
•Every month double digit Millions subscribers are added
•GSM ARPU has been declined in 3 Years US$ 9 to US$ 4
8. Main Drivers for Future Network
Drivers for VAS will depend upon :
•Adaptation Rate
•Subscription &
•Average speed
Main drivers for future Network:
•Consumption of Mobile Data
•Operators profitability
•Terminal Capability
9. Drivers for Future NW – A Service Providers view
High Priority Services:
1. Voice (e.g., VoIP, PoC) - Video Telephony
2. Multimedia conferencing
3. Instant Messaging Services
4. Fast Interactive Sessions
5. High priority E-commerce
6. Email (VPN)
7. Security, Safety & Dependability
8. public safety alarms, sport highlights, TV
Low Priority Services:
1. SMS - MMS
2. Audio – Video streaming
3. Slow Interactive Sessions
4. Download video/audio
5. Web browsing (per page)
6. Email (Internet)
7. Voice mail access
10. NETWORKING REQUIREMENT
•Best Effort IP connectivity such as FTP, email, •Fixed, Nomadic, Portable, Mobile Usage
instant messaging, web browsing, remote Scenarios
access VPN •Deployment scenarios and prioritization
•Managed IP services in support of •Services Support (VoIP, IMS, MBS)
applications such as VoIP, Audio/Video •QoS/Admin Control/Services Flows
streaming, multimedia IP •Network Discovery & Selection
•conferencing, managed VPNs and interactive •Security
gaming. •Accounting
•Mechanisms are required to enforce Service •IP Connection management
Level Agreements (SLAs) providing •Mobility Management
differentiation of service levels across •Radio Resource Management
Radio
subscribers •Roaming
•Support QoS according requirements five •Internetworking
application classes defined by the Application •Migration, Evolution and Forward/backward
Working Group Compatibility
•Security on Airlink using AES CCM 128 bit
11. DRIVERS FOR NETWORK DESIGN
Services Economics
•Data rates •Spectrum, acquisition and usage
•Content delivery •Site acquisition
•QoS •Backhaul
•Mobile/nomadic • Support, management and maintenance
Network Technology
•Number of subscribers Geographic •OFDM
area/Roaming •Smart Antennas
•Quality/Capacity •MIMO
•Coverage •Mesh
•Complexity/cost of network elements •Migration
•Portability/mobility
12. DEPLOYMENT MODEL
Example # 1
• Pay as you grow
• Start with a few macro-cells per city
– Traditional model for BWA networks
– Minimize initial investment
• Outdoor-install CPEs required to achieve desired coverage
– Advanced optional WiMAX features required to provide desired coverage and maximize link
availability under NLOS
• Indoor self-install possible for close-in CPEs
– Advanced optional WiMAX features become critical
• Increase network capacity as subscriber base grows
– Additional base stations and/or sectors per BS
Example # 2
• Start with many micro-cells per city
– Traditional model for mobile networks
– Maximize network capacity and coverage
– Larger initial investment required
– Network designed to maximize probability of coverage
• Higher percentage of indoor self-installs possible
– Advanced optional WiMAX features become critical
• Near-ubiquitous coverage enables nomadic services: “Personal Broadband”
13. Residential & Business Service – What I think
Market Services CS Type Model SLA Example
Residential Internet Access IP-CS/Eth-CS Fixed Best Effort (BE) with per-user bandwidth metering
VoIP Telephony IP-CS/Eth-CS Fixed Extended-real-time polling service (Ert-PS)
Personal BB Internet Access IP-CS Nomadic/Mobile BE with per-user bandwidth metering
L3 VPN IP-CS Nomadic/Mobile nrtPS or BE with per-user bandwidth metering
VoIP IP-CS Nomadic/Mobile Extended Real Time Polling Service (nrtPS)
Business L3 VPN Eth-CS/IP-CS Fixed nrtPS or BE with per-user bandwidth metering
E-Line-(L2VPN P2P) Eth-CS Fixed nrtPS)or BE with per-user bandwidth metering
E-LAN - (L2VPN P2MP) Eth-CS Fixed nrtPS or BE with variable bandwidth metering
Managed Voice Eth-CS/IP-CS Fixed Extended-real-time polling service (Ert-PS)
Wholesale L3 (P2P, MP) Eth-CS Fixed BE per-user bandwidth profiles with optional priority
L2 (P2P, MP) Eth-CS Fixed BE per-user bandwidth profiles with optional priority
14. Mobility vs User Data Rate
Nationwide
WiMax
802.16
Urban
TDD
Flash OFDM
2G 802.20
Campus
Indoors
RFID Bluetooth
Fixed
0.1 Mb/s 1 Mb/s 10 Mb/s 100Mb/s
15. Best Practices
Visibility Don’t Join in just
because it’s “in”
Public/private
partnership
Avoid over-hyping Positive Negative
the project or the Hype Hype
technology
Understand
difference between
immediate
implementation Don’t miss out
and just because it’s
“out”
institutional
thought process Techn- Peak of Tough of Slope of Plateau of
changes ology inflated disillusion- enlighten- productivity
trigger expectation ment ment
16. Short Video - LTE
Hitler upset for LTE does not have CS domain.flv
17. Short Video - WiMax
hitler wiimax (trial version).flv
18. VOICE VS INTERNET
•Typical data rate required for a voice call
– 10 Kbps (and reducing with time)
– Constant bit-rate, static
•Typical data rate for an Internet session
– 1- 5 Mbps (and increasing with time)
– Bursty traffic
•There are 2 orders of magnitude (x100) difference in data rate
requirements with expectations of lower prices
•A network optimized for voice cannot simultaneously be optimized to
handle a high number of broadband mobile Internet users
– More spectrum needed for broadband subscribers to access the
network
– More backhaul required to handle traffic to & from the Internet
•Internet business model requires lower cost per bit and significantly
more capacity
19. SOLUTIONS TO INTERFERENCE
• OFDM & OFDMA
• Antenna Technologies – Adaptive Antenna
System
• Dynamic Frequency Selection
• MIMO
• Software Defined Radios
20. WHY OFDM IS FUTURE……..
• High peak-to-average power levels
• Preservation of orthogonality in severe multi-path
• Efficient FFT based receiver structures
• Enables efficient TX and RX diversity
• Adaptive antenna arrays without joint equalization
• Support for adaptive modulation by subcarrier
• Frequency diversity
• Robust against narrow-band interference
• Efficient for simulcasting
• Variable/dynamic bandwidth
• Used for highest speed applications
• Supports dynamic packet access
21. 4G Network Requirement….
1. A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and bit/s/Hz/site),
2. High network capacity: more number of users per cell
3. A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s at high speeds and 1
Gbit/s at stationary conditions as defined by the ITU-R
4. A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points in
the world
5. Smooth handoff across heterogeneous network
6. Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple
networks
7. High quality of service for next generation multimedia
support (real time audio, high speed data, HDTV video
content, mobile TV, etc)
8. Interoperability with the existing wireless standards, and
9. An all IP, packet switched network
22. Main Characteristics for Mobile 4G…
1. Mobility
2. Latency ( low )
3. Spectral Efficiency.
4. High Throughput
5. Quality of Service
6. Security
7. Backward compatibility
8. TCO
9. High Availability
23. What next …….
Addition of “Presence”, “Location” and “Mobility” is a winning key
factor for Value Addition so future Revenues lies in:
•Mobile Gaming
•Advertising
•Information sharing
Specifically :
•VoIP
•PTT & PTM
•Voice Messaging with Voice Attachment
•Video conferencing
•Video Monitoring
•See what I see
•Higher level of multi-play capability
•Remote control of PVR
•Mobile banking
•User generated contents
•Proximity payment
24. Requirement of Access Network
•Super macro-cell for extra wide-area coverage of sparely populated areas such as
remote villages, seas, or deserts. This type of base station shall support coverage of
tens or hundreds of square kilometres and therefore, may require a different power,
tower, and cabinet design. Furthermore, given its remote location, it needs to remain
highly available in absence of regular maintenance. Deployment of this type of cell
shall be dependent on operator’s internal deployment policies, but all such
deployments shall meet all local regulations (such as maximum allowable power
emission). Finally, please note that for this type of coverage, a new terminal design
may be required.
• Conventional macro-cell for wide-area coverage: This type of base station shall aim
to re-use existing resources and support a smooth migration from legacy systems.
These issues are described in more detail in subsequent sections.
• Urban micro-cell for broadband metropolitan coverage: This type of base station is
much less constrained by backward compatibility and migration issues (in terms of
reuse of assets), as it will largely be deployed on new sites. This limits its size and
antenna configuration to fit nicely into an urban landscape.
• Indoors pico-cell for traffic hot spots: This type of base station is optimised for size
and cost and not capacity, with variants for home, office, and mobile installations
(e.g., access points). Furthermore, in this scenario the use of larger than 20 MHz
channels spacing is not precluded in the future if frequency allocations allow it.
25. Requirement for Core Network
•Access Management
•Content Filtering
•Efficient backhaul and core transport cost
minimization
•Efficient Routing
•Enablers
•Flexible support for different service classes
•Harmonised IP Network Infrastructure
•Latency
•Lawful Interception
•Open and Standardised Architecture
•Operator Service and Access Management
•Packet Inspection for Compliance and Policy
Implementation
•Roaming and Interconnection Support
•Service Management
•Support for Broadcast and Multicast Services
•Support for Competitive Cost Structure
•Support for Diverse Bearers
•Support for Real-time & Streaming Services
•Throughput
•Value Based Charging
26. VARIOUS ATTRIBUTE OF 3GPP
Release 99: Completed. First deployable version of UMTS. Enhancements to GSM data (EDGE). Majority of
deployments today are based on Release 99. Provides support for GSM/EDGE/GPRS/WCDMA radio-access
networks.
Release 4: Completed. Multimedia messaging support. First steps toward using IP transport in the core
network.
Release 5: Completed. HSDPA. First phase of IMS. Full ability to use IP-based transport instead of just
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) in the core network.
Release 6: Completed. HSUPA. Enhanced multimedia support through Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast
Services (MBMS). Performance specifications for advanced receivers. WLAN integration option. IMS
enhancements. Initial VoIP capability.
Release 7: Completed. Provides enhanced GSM data functionality with Evolved EDGE. Specifies HSPA
Evolution (HSPA+), which includes higher order modulation and MIMO. Provides fine-tuning and incremental
improvements of features from previous releases. Results include performance enhancements, improved
spectral efficiency, increased capacity, and better resistance to interference. Continuous Packet Connectivity
(CPC) enables efficient “always-on” service and enhanced uplink UL VoIP capacity as well as reductions in call
set-up delay for PoC. Radio enhancements to HSPA include 64 QAM in the downlink DL and 16 QAM in the
uplink. Also includes optimization of MBMS capabilities through the multicast/broadcast single-frequency
network (MBSFN) function.
Release 8: Under development. Comprises further HSPA Evolution features such as simultaneous use of
MIMO and 64 QAM. Includes work item for dual-carrier HSPA (DC-HSPA) where two WCDMA radio channels
can be combined for a doubling of throughput performance. Specifies OFDMA-based 3GPP LTE. Defines EPC.
Release 9: Expected to include HSPA and LTE enhancements.
Release 10: Expected to specify LTE Advanced that meets the requirements set by ITU’s IMT-Advanced
project.
27. EVOLUTION OR DISRUPTION……..
First generation: Almost all of the systems from this generation were analog systems where
voice was considered to be the main traffic. These systems could often be listened to by third
parties. some of the standards are NMT, AMPS, Hicap, CDPD, Mobitex DataTac
Second generation: All the standards belonging to this generation are commercial centric and
they are digital in form. Around 60% of the current market is dominated by European
standards. The second generation standards are GSM, iDEN, D-AMPS, IS-95, PDC, CSD,
PHS, GPRS, HSCSD, and WiDEN.
Third generation: To meet the growing demands in the number of subscribers (increase in
network capacity), rates required for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications 3G
standards started evolving. The systems in this standard are basically a linear enhancement of
2G systems. They are based on two parallel backbone infrastructures, one consisting of circuit
switched nodes, and one of packet oriented nodes. Currently, transition is happening from 2G
to 3G systems. Some of the 3G standards are EDGE and EGPRS (sometimes denoted
2.75G),CDMA 2000,W-CDMA or UMTS (3GSM), FOMA, 1xEV-DO/IS-856, TD-SCDMA,
GAN/UMA, 3.5G - HSDPA, 3.75G - HSUPA. The ITU defines a specific set of air interface
technologies as third generation, as part of the IMT-2000 initiative.
Fourth generation: According to the 4G working groups, the infrastructure and the terminals
will have almost all the standards from 2G to 3G implemented. The infrastructure will however
only be packet based, all-IP. The system will also serve as an open platform where the new
innovations can go with it. Some of the standards which pave the way for 4G systems are
WiMax, WiBro, 3GPP Long Term Evolution and 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband.
28. THIS MEANS 4G IS …….
4G is a short form of fourth-generation cellular communication
system which provides end-to-end IP solution where voice, data and
multimedia streaming can be served at higher data rates with
anytime-anywhere concept. No formal definition is set to what 4G is,
but the objectives that are predicted for 4G can be summarized in a
single sentence:
4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system of systems and
network of networks achieved after the convergence of wired and
wireless networks as well as computer, consumer electronics,
communication technology, and several other convergences that will
be capable of providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s, respectively, in
outdoor and indoor environments with end-to-end QoS and high
security, offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere, at
affordable cost and one billing.
29. Technologies/enablers for 4G Network…
1. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
(OFDM)
2. Software Defined Radio (SDR)
3. Multiple-input multiple-output ( MIMO )
4. CRE
5. Re-configurability
6. DSA
7. CR
30. Network for 2012 and beyond …..
•New Radio Environment
•New Technology
•Link the environment to technology and develop the architecture
•Multi-media centric Services
•MIMO Transceivers
•Flexible software technology to create autonomous networks
•Able to deliver ubiquitous mobile and fixed access supporting a wide range of convergent
services
•Spectrally efficient but low complexity TX/RX
•Space diversity methods for capacity enhancement
•Self planning and dynamically reconfigurable networks
•Indoor distributed antenna systems for high bit rate communication
•Radio resource metric estimation
•Implementation difficulties ( size, complexity and power constraints of the receiving
terminals, Miniaturization) despite potential benefits of MIMO
•Virtual Antenna Array
31. Technological Requirement what we perceive…
•Autonomous
•Intelligent
•Adaptive
•Flexible yet robust
•Challenge of Variety of traffic condition
•Service demand
•Mobility
32. Harmonization of IMS with SIP, HTTP & RSTP
Various SDPs for Push to Talk, VoIP, Video
streaming, Web Based application has :
•Own subscriber profile data base
•Signaling Functions
•Application policy filter
•Media transfer function
•Billing function
•Security function
33. HARMONIZATION OF VARIOUS CORE NE
GERAN Gb
SGSN HSS
AAA
Iu
GPRS CORE PCRF
UTRAN S6
S3
S7 Rx+
S4
S6
S5b IMS
MME SERVING PDN
eUTRAN S1 UPE GW GW
eNB S5a
SGI
S2b
ePDG
PUBLIC
EVOLVED PACKET CORE INTERNET
S2c
IP Sec/PMP
S2a
UnTrusted IP Trusted IP T/UT Mobile
NON-3GPP ACCESS
34. Enhanced IMS Architecture
Subscriber Profile Charging Voice
function Function
SIP
Video
SIP, HTTP, RSTP
Phone
MS Application
Signaling Function Policy Function
Streaming
Video
SIP/RTSP
RTP, HTTP Media
QoS policy and
Transfer TV
Media function Function
HTTP
WEB
36. MAIN DIFFERENCE 4G : WIMAX & LTE
Parameters WiMax 802.16e WiMax 802.16m LTE
Frequency
2.3,2.5,3.3,3.5,3.7 Under 6.0 0.7, 0.85, 0.9, 1.8, 1.9, 2.1, 2.5
Band GHz
BW MHz 3.5, 5, 7,8.75,10 Scalable 5-20 1.4,1.6,3.5,10,15,20
CHL
Throughput,
35 50 50
Mbps/10
MHz/Sector
Band Plan TDD TDD, FDD Mostly FDD
User Plane
20 5 5
Latency ms
Control lane
100 100 100
Latency
Antenna,
Technology,
Core, MIMO, Scalable OFDMA, Flat ALL IP, IMS,
Application,
etc
37. WIMAX SCALES FOR FUTURE
Mobile WiMAX Release 1.0 (2x2 MIMO) : 64 Mbps in 10 MHz /sector
Mobile WiMAX Release 2.0 (4x4 MIMO) : 150 Mbps in 10 MHz / sector
Rule of thumb: the actual capacity (Mbps per channel per sector) in a multi-cell
environment for wireless technologies is ~ 20-30% of the peak theoretical data
rate.
•Peak data rates are theoretical and assume zero path loss – similar to “100
Peak
Mbps Ethernet.” Data rates are calculated directly from the indicated air
interface specification.
** IEEE 802.16m Systems Requirements Document sets 300 Mbps as the
minimum peak data rate for the given configuration. Intel estimates rates could
reach 400 Mbps.
39. WIMAX, LTE IN 4G WORLD
WiMAX 802.16e evolution to 16m or LTE
40. UNIFIED PLATFORM – GSM/3G/WIMAX/LTE
Unified Plateform Smooth Evolution
Unified Software System Phase I Phase II Phase III
HW
GSM
= GSM
G G G G G G L
3 T 3
S S S S S S
G E G
3G M M M M M M
B = 3G
T
S
+ W
W
WiMAX
= WiMAX G G G G G i G G i
M
S S S S S M S S
M M M M M A M M A
X X
LTE
= LTE
4th generation BS platform
Unified hardware for GSM/3G/WiMAX/LTE
41. UPGRADE FROM WIMAX TO LTE
Hardware Based On The 4th Generation Base Station.
New MME New BBI needed to support LTE
added
Software RRU no need to change if use the same frequency band
Upgrade to
LTE MME
Software
eNode Upgrade to
SAE-GW
B WiMA
X BS AAA
IP Bear CSN
Software
Network ASN-GW
H DHCP
Upgrade to SAE-GW
LTE eNode A server
B WiMAX
BS
Share clock, power, surveillance & alarm, save investment.
Share facilities such as transmission.
Only software upgrade to protect investment.
Same GW platform for WiMAX & LTE.
42. THE KEY TRENDS
•Key RF performance differentiators such as Beamforming
and MIMO
•An open IP architecture making this a data network from
the ground up rather than the conversion of a circuit
switched network to support data.
•A “mass market” device portfolio that drives low subscriber
acquisition cost, retail distribution and user self installation,
including desktop, PCMCIA and outdoor devices
44. WiMax Standard Roadmap
Release 1 Release 1
Requirements Spec approved by WMF
Release 1.5
Requirements Release 1.6
Release 2 Spec approved by
Requirements WMF
2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Expected Timeline for Specifications
Release 1:
•Mobile and stationary WiMAX Release 1.5: Release 1.6:
base spec: ASN, CSN mobility, •IMS and PCC/Dynamic QoS •Multimedia Session Continuity
Sleep/Idle modes, •Telephony VoIP with emergency •Seamless WiFi-WiMAX
•IPv4 & IPv6 connectivity services handover
•Pre-provisioned/static QoS, •Lawful interception •3GPP/2 IWK (optimized HO)
•Optional RRM •OTA APDO and device management •Femto Cell/SON
•Network discovery/selection •Ethernet services, VLAN, DSL IWK •IPv4/Ipv6 IWK
•IP/Eth CS support •Location based services •Enhancements in
•Flexible credentials, pre- and •RoHC •Roaming
•MCBCS
postpaid accounting Unstable so far •Emergency Services
•Roaming (RADIUS only)
•Mobile Internet applications
may be available in 2010 •IMS Support
half two Unavailable so far
Q2 2007,released
The first version may be released
R1.0 is used by WiMAX industry in Q2 2010
45. Mobile Broadband Realistic Evolution
DL: ~141Mbps
UL: ~50Mbps
LTE
DL: ~42Mbps
UL: ~11Mbps
~100 ms
DL: ~14.4Mbps HSPA+
UL: ~5.76Mbps
HSPA
~70 ms
DL: ~384Kbps
UL: ~384Kbps
~45 ms
3G-WCDMA
~15ms
2006 2010 2011 2014 2015 or later
Increasing Bandwidth Decreasing Latency
46. BUZZ WORDS …IMS, VOLGA, LTE
There are three different ways to deliver voice services in future ( viz LTE):
•IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is approved by the 3GPP but may be too immature to rely on for early
deployment due to heavy cost, no IMS Roaming etc
•Circuit-switch (CS) fallback, in which the 2G or 3G networks are relied on for voice services ( NSN)
•Circuit-switch-over-packet, where the CS voice or SMS traffic is tunneled over LTE
( VoLGA which was formed on March 9, 2009 by :
1. Alcatel-Lucent (NYSE: ALU)
2. Ericsson AB (Nasdaq: ERIC)
3. Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.
4. Kineto Wireless Inc.
5. LG Electronics Inc. (London: LGLD; Korea: 6657.KS)
6. Motorola Inc. (NYSE: MOT)
7. Nortel Networks Ltd.
8. Samsung Corp.
9. Starent Networks Corp. (Nasdaq: STAR)
10. T-Mobile International AG
11. ZTE Corp. (Shenzhen: 000063; Hong Kong: 0763)
How LTE ( Long Term Evolution) can be implemented in a “Short-Term” and it
is not “Evolution” but it is a “Fork-Lift Replacement”
47. WHEN TO DEPLOY IMS
At the time being, the main triggers for deciding to deploy an IMS network
are certainly the following:
1. Deployment or migration of an IPTV solution making use of IMS.
2. Deployment of a selected set of IMS-enabled fixed mobile services
3. Replacement of the legacy circuit-switched network for fixed telephony
services (IMS used as PSTN emulation subsystem).
4. Deployment of a compelling set of mobile services through the Rich
Communication Suite (RCS) or something else.
5. Deployment of a carrier grade VoIP solution for fixed residential customers,
possibly with mobile/fixed convergence services including or not call
contuinity between fixed and cellular access (knowned as voice call
continuity).
6. Deployment of carrier grade enterprise services including for instance
business trunking, IP centrex or fixed mobile convergence.
48. Advancement in 4G beyond 2012…
Advancement in the 4G for 2012….are towards:
1. Radio resource management
2. Adaptive cell sizing
3. Situation awareness
4. Dynamic charging
5. Base station bunching
6. Intelligent handover
7. Intelligent relaying
50. Converged Terminal Operation Beyond 2012….
Application Layer
Terminal
Management
System
•Profile Transport Layer
•User Preference TCP/UDP
•Terminal characteristic
Protocols
•QoS
•Mobility Boosters
&
•Intersystem
•Network selection Network Layer Conversion
•Network discovery IP
GPRS UMTS WLAN/BRAN DVB
Bandwidth
Support Support Support Support
reassignment
Protocol Protocol Protocol Protocol
51. Conclusion
• Advanced 4G ( Network for 2012 & Beyond LTE) is a
concept rather than technology for mobile and wireless
communications.
• It stands for "MAGIC," i.e. Mobile multimedia, Anytime/any-
where, Global mobility support, Integrated wireless and
Customized personal service.
• It is a convergence of Mobile and Fixed Broadband ( Voice,
Data & Video) Wireless with enhanced mobility in vertical
domain of self-organized adaptive network elements
• “Advanced 4G” deployments are expected to be seen around
2012 to 2015.