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WiMax 2010 – New Delhi


Mobile WiMAX drives speed to
  market for 4G networks
            By
    Data Sharan Mishra, M.Tech. M.I.E.E.E.
Network Architecture Expert, Qtel
         23rd April 2010
Agenda

—Need for wireless 4G solutions today

—WiMAX technology enjoys a significant time to market
advantage for seeking to deliver the 4G experience.

—Vendors committed to this technology path are challenging
the traditional mobile infrastructure ecosystem

—Highlighting the technology innovation and network
deployment Experience.
Technology and Market Dynamics


                        Drive                             Changes
                                      Network
Market Conditions
                                   Transformation
       &                                                            Telecom Industry
                                         &
   Technology
                                     Regulatory



                                                                 •Opportunity for new
 •Massive Growth of
                                                                          services
      Data Traffic                •Narrowband to
                                                                    •New Network
  •More Competitor                     Broadband
                                                                       Architecture
•Flat growth of Voice           •Vertical to Horizontal
                                                               •Changes of Control point
         Traffic                        Layering
                                                                     •Globalization
   •Open Standard                   •Deregulation
                                                               •Flexibility & operational
    •Maturity of IP                 •Convergence
                                                                         efficiency
Statements …..
•ARPU is declining

•Competition is Increasing

•Focus shall be alternative revenue stream

•Roles and responsibilities in Value-Chain

•Drivers and Barriers

•It is evolving
Cross-industry Penetration and Intensifying
                  Competition


               Carriers compete on a broader scale
Expanding into the IT service field to create value for business users
Expanding into content & entertainment and other fields to create value for
end users


                                   Applications

               IT Infrastructure
                                                   Mobile

                                     Fixed Voice/Data

                                                 Content,
                                               Entertainment

                     Broadband
                      Internet
Market News ………
•The 2033 concept would allow for the device to capture memories directly from the user’s brain, through a process
Motorola calls "organic memory capture".

•Rel-8 introduced dual-carrier HSDPA operation in the downlink while Rel-9 similarly introduced dual-carrier HSUPA
operation in the uplink and also enhanced the dual-carrier HSDPA operation by combining it with MIMO.

•A reported 130 operators around the world have written LTE into their technology roadmaps. In December 2009,
TeliaSonera launched the world’s first LTE networks in Norway and Sweden and an estimated 17 operators are expected
to follow in its footsteps in 2010.

•“LTE must efficiently and seamlessly coexist with existing wireless technologies during its rise to becoming the leading
next-generation wireless technology.”

•"The demand for LTE femtocells is unquestionable. We are already seeing operators asking for small cell access points
to start testing in the second half of this year. Femtocells represent the key to avoiding the difficulties surrounding the
first 3G deployments where roll-outs cost too much, took too long and did not meet user expectations

•India's mobile phone companies added an average of nearly 15 million subscribers a month in 2009 to bring the total
number of cellular users to 525.15 million - up 51.4 percent from December 2008.

•HSPA+ was generally the most efficient way of upgrading use of bandwidth already in use and was likely to dominate
in the short term at least, with an estimated 1.4 billion subscribers worldwide by 2013, around ten times the estimated
take-up of LTE.

•HSPA+ release 7, which became available last year, uses MIMO technology like that in 11n Wifi to help take the peak
downlink throughput to 28Mbps, with 11Mbps on the uplink. Release 8, for which chipsets will become available this
year, aggregates two carrier signals to bring peak data rates to 42Mbps on the downlink.

•Release 9 will put two MIMO streams on each of two 5MHz carriers, aggregated to produce a 10MHz data pipe
delivering 84Mbps on the downlink; the uplink uses simple aggregation to 23Mbps. A projected Release 10 would bring
the peak downlink speed to 168Mbps, though this would require 20MHz carriers only available in the 2.5GHz and
2.6GHz bands.
Indian Telecom Market- The Facts

Since liberalization in 1991 :

   •Unprecedented growth ---US$ 200 Billion worth platform

   •Contributing to GDP Growth ---13%

   •Wireless Market ---400 Million

   •Pre Paid --- more than 90%
    Pre

   •Post paid --- less than 10%

   •Every month double digit Millions subscribers are added

   •GSM ARPU has been declined in 3 Years US$ 9 to US$ 4
Main Drivers for Future Network

   Drivers for VAS will depend upon :

      •Adaptation Rate

      •Subscription &

      •Average speed


   Main drivers for future Network:

     •Consumption of Mobile Data

     •Operators profitability

     •Terminal Capability
Drivers for Future NW – A Service Providers view

High Priority Services:
    1. Voice (e.g., VoIP, PoC) - Video Telephony
    2. Multimedia conferencing
    3. Instant Messaging Services
    4. Fast Interactive Sessions
    5. High priority E-commerce
    6. Email (VPN)
    7. Security, Safety & Dependability
    8. public safety alarms, sport highlights, TV
 Low Priority Services:
     1. SMS - MMS
     2. Audio – Video streaming
     3. Slow Interactive Sessions
     4. Download video/audio
     5. Web browsing (per page)
     6. Email (Internet)
     7. Voice mail access
NETWORKING REQUIREMENT

•Best Effort IP connectivity such as FTP, email,   •Fixed, Nomadic, Portable, Mobile Usage
instant messaging, web browsing, remote            Scenarios
access VPN                                         •Deployment scenarios and prioritization
•Managed IP services in support of                 •Services Support (VoIP, IMS, MBS)
applications such as VoIP, Audio/Video             •QoS/Admin Control/Services Flows
streaming, multimedia IP                           •Network Discovery & Selection
•conferencing, managed VPNs and interactive        •Security
gaming.                                            •Accounting
•Mechanisms are required to enforce Service        •IP Connection management
Level Agreements (SLAs) providing                  •Mobility Management
differentiation of service levels across           •Radio Resource Management
                                                    Radio
subscribers                                        •Roaming
•Support QoS according requirements five           •Internetworking
application classes defined by the Application     •Migration, Evolution and Forward/backward
Working Group                                      Compatibility
•Security on Airlink using AES CCM 128 bit
DRIVERS FOR NETWORK DESIGN

     Services                              Economics
•Data rates                            •Spectrum, acquisition and usage
•Content delivery                      •Site acquisition
•QoS                                   •Backhaul
•Mobile/nomadic                        • Support, management and maintenance




   Network                                Technology

•Number of subscribers Geographic             •OFDM
area/Roaming                                  •Smart Antennas
•Quality/Capacity                             •MIMO
•Coverage                                     •Mesh
•Complexity/cost of network elements          •Migration
                                              •Portability/mobility
DEPLOYMENT MODEL

                       Example # 1
• Pay as you grow
• Start with a few macro-cells per city
– Traditional model for BWA networks
– Minimize initial investment
• Outdoor-install CPEs required to achieve desired coverage
– Advanced optional WiMAX features required to provide desired coverage and maximize link
availability under NLOS
• Indoor self-install possible for close-in CPEs
– Advanced optional WiMAX features become critical
• Increase network capacity as subscriber base grows
– Additional base stations and/or sectors per BS




                      Example # 2
• Start with many micro-cells per city
– Traditional model for mobile networks
– Maximize network capacity and coverage
– Larger initial investment required
– Network designed to maximize probability of coverage
• Higher percentage of indoor self-installs possible
– Advanced optional WiMAX features become critical
• Near-ubiquitous coverage enables nomadic services: “Personal Broadband”
Residential & Business Service – What I think


Market            Services           CS Type          Model                          SLA Example

Residential   Internet Access        IP-CS/Eth-CS   Fixed             Best Effort (BE) with per-user bandwidth metering

              VoIP Telephony         IP-CS/Eth-CS   Fixed             Extended-real-time polling service (Ert-PS)

Personal       BB Internet Access    IP-CS          Nomadic/Mobile   BE with per-user bandwidth metering

               L3 VPN                IP-CS          Nomadic/Mobile    nrtPS or BE with per-user bandwidth metering

               VoIP                  IP-CS          Nomadic/Mobile   Extended Real Time Polling Service (nrtPS)

Business      L3 VPN                 Eth-CS/IP-CS   Fixed            nrtPS or BE with per-user bandwidth metering

              E-Line-(L2VPN P2P)     Eth-CS         Fixed            nrtPS)or BE with per-user bandwidth metering

              E-LAN - (L2VPN P2MP)   Eth-CS         Fixed             nrtPS or BE with variable bandwidth metering

              Managed Voice          Eth-CS/IP-CS   Fixed            Extended-real-time polling service (Ert-PS)

Wholesale     L3 (P2P, MP)            Eth-CS        Fixed            BE per-user bandwidth profiles with optional priority

              L2 (P2P, MP)            Eth-CS         Fixed           BE per-user bandwidth profiles with optional priority
Mobility vs User Data Rate

Nationwide

                                             WiMax
                                             802.16
Urban

                                            TDD
                             Flash OFDM
             2G                 802.20


Campus


Indoors




                  RFID       Bluetooth
Fixed
                  0.1 Mb/s     1 Mb/s     10 Mb/s     100Mb/s
Best Practices

                     Visibility         Don’t Join in just
                                        because it’s “in”
Public/private
partnership
Avoid over-hyping                 Positive              Negative
the project or the                Hype                  Hype
technology
Understand
difference between
immediate
implementation                                         Don’t miss out
and                                                    just because it’s
                                                       “out”
institutional
thought process                   Techn-     Peak of     Tough of       Slope of     Plateau of
changes                           ology      inflated    disillusion-   enlighten-   productivity
                                  trigger    expectation ment           ment
Short Video - LTE




Hitler upset for LTE does not have CS domain.flv
Short Video - WiMax




hitler wiimax (trial version).flv
VOICE      VS    INTERNET

•Typical data rate required for a voice call
    – 10 Kbps (and reducing with time)
    – Constant bit-rate, static
•Typical data rate for an Internet session
    – 1- 5 Mbps (and increasing with time)
    – Bursty traffic
•There are 2 orders of magnitude (x100) difference in data rate
requirements with expectations of lower prices
•A network optimized for voice cannot simultaneously be optimized to
handle a high number of broadband mobile Internet users
    – More spectrum needed for broadband subscribers to access the
    network
    – More backhaul required to handle traffic to & from the Internet
•Internet business model requires lower cost per bit and significantly
more capacity
SOLUTIONS TO INTERFERENCE


• OFDM & OFDMA
• Antenna Technologies – Adaptive Antenna
  System
• Dynamic Frequency Selection
• MIMO
• Software Defined Radios
WHY OFDM                  IS   FUTURE……..


•   High peak-to-average power levels
•   Preservation of orthogonality in severe multi-path
•   Efficient FFT based receiver structures
•   Enables efficient TX and RX diversity
•   Adaptive antenna arrays without joint equalization
•   Support for adaptive modulation by subcarrier
•   Frequency diversity
•   Robust against narrow-band interference
•   Efficient for simulcasting
•   Variable/dynamic bandwidth
•   Used for highest speed applications
•   Supports dynamic packet access
4G Network Requirement….

1. A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and bit/s/Hz/site),
2. High network capacity: more number of users per cell
3. A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s at high speeds and 1
   Gbit/s at stationary conditions as defined by the ITU-R
4. A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points in
   the world
5. Smooth handoff across heterogeneous network
6. Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple
   networks
7. High quality of service for next generation multimedia
   support (real time audio, high speed data, HDTV video
   content, mobile TV, etc)
8. Interoperability with the existing wireless standards, and
9. An all IP, packet switched network
Main Characteristics for Mobile 4G…

    1. Mobility
    2. Latency ( low )
    3. Spectral Efficiency.
    4. High Throughput
    5. Quality of Service
    6. Security
    7. Backward compatibility
    8. TCO
    9. High Availability
What next …….
Addition of “Presence”, “Location” and “Mobility” is a winning key
factor for Value Addition so future Revenues lies in:

        •Mobile Gaming
        •Advertising
        •Information sharing

Specifically :
        •VoIP
        •PTT & PTM
        •Voice Messaging with Voice Attachment
        •Video conferencing
        •Video Monitoring
        •See what I see
        •Higher level of multi-play capability
        •Remote control of PVR
        •Mobile banking
        •User generated contents
        •Proximity payment
Requirement of Access Network

•Super macro-cell for extra wide-area coverage of sparely populated areas such as
remote villages, seas, or deserts. This type of base station shall support coverage of
tens or hundreds of square kilometres and therefore, may require a different power,
tower, and cabinet design. Furthermore, given its remote location, it needs to remain
highly available in absence of regular maintenance. Deployment of this type of cell
shall be dependent on operator’s internal deployment policies, but all such
deployments shall meet all local regulations (such as maximum allowable power
emission). Finally, please note that for this type of coverage, a new terminal design
may be required.
• Conventional macro-cell for wide-area coverage: This type of base station shall aim
to re-use existing resources and support a smooth migration from legacy systems.
These issues are described in more detail in subsequent sections.
• Urban micro-cell for broadband metropolitan coverage: This type of base station is
much less constrained by backward compatibility and migration issues (in terms of
reuse of assets), as it will largely be deployed on new sites. This limits its size and
antenna configuration to fit nicely into an urban landscape.
• Indoors pico-cell for traffic hot spots: This type of base station is optimised for size
and cost and not capacity, with variants for home, office, and mobile installations
(e.g., access points). Furthermore, in this scenario the use of larger than 20 MHz
channels spacing is not precluded in the future if frequency allocations allow it.
Requirement for Core Network

•Access Management
•Content Filtering
•Efficient backhaul and core transport cost
minimization
•Efficient Routing
•Enablers
•Flexible support for different service classes
•Harmonised IP Network Infrastructure
•Latency
•Lawful Interception
•Open and Standardised Architecture
•Operator Service and Access Management
•Packet Inspection for Compliance and Policy
Implementation
•Roaming and Interconnection Support
•Service Management
•Support for Broadcast and Multicast Services
•Support for Competitive Cost Structure
•Support for Diverse Bearers
•Support for Real-time & Streaming Services
•Throughput
•Value Based Charging
VARIOUS ATTRIBUTE OF 3GPP
Release 99: Completed. First deployable version of UMTS. Enhancements to GSM data (EDGE). Majority of
deployments today are based on Release 99. Provides support for GSM/EDGE/GPRS/WCDMA radio-access
networks.
Release 4: Completed. Multimedia messaging support. First steps toward using IP transport in the core
network.
Release 5: Completed. HSDPA. First phase of IMS. Full ability to use IP-based transport instead of just
Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) in the core network.
Release 6: Completed. HSUPA. Enhanced multimedia support through Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast
Services (MBMS). Performance specifications for advanced receivers. WLAN integration option. IMS
enhancements. Initial VoIP capability.
Release 7: Completed. Provides enhanced GSM data functionality with Evolved EDGE. Specifies HSPA
Evolution (HSPA+), which includes higher order modulation and MIMO. Provides fine-tuning and incremental
improvements of features from previous releases. Results include performance enhancements, improved
spectral efficiency, increased capacity, and better resistance to interference. Continuous Packet Connectivity
(CPC) enables efficient “always-on” service and enhanced uplink UL VoIP capacity as well as reductions in call
set-up delay for PoC. Radio enhancements to HSPA include 64 QAM in the downlink DL and 16 QAM in the
uplink. Also includes optimization of MBMS capabilities through the multicast/broadcast single-frequency
network (MBSFN) function.
Release 8: Under development. Comprises further HSPA Evolution features such as simultaneous use of
MIMO and 64 QAM. Includes work item for dual-carrier HSPA (DC-HSPA) where two WCDMA radio channels
can be combined for a doubling of throughput performance. Specifies OFDMA-based 3GPP LTE. Defines EPC.
Release 9: Expected to include HSPA and LTE enhancements.
Release 10: Expected to specify LTE Advanced that meets the requirements set by ITU’s IMT-Advanced
project.
EVOLUTION OR DISRUPTION……..
First generation: Almost all of the systems from this generation were analog systems where
voice was considered to be the main traffic. These systems could often be listened to by third
parties. some of the standards are NMT, AMPS, Hicap, CDPD, Mobitex DataTac

Second generation: All the standards belonging to this generation are commercial centric and
they are digital in form. Around 60% of the current market is dominated by European
standards. The second generation standards are GSM, iDEN, D-AMPS, IS-95, PDC, CSD,
PHS, GPRS, HSCSD, and WiDEN.

Third generation: To meet the growing demands in the number of subscribers (increase in
network capacity), rates required for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications 3G
standards started evolving. The systems in this standard are basically a linear enhancement of
2G systems. They are based on two parallel backbone infrastructures, one consisting of circuit
switched nodes, and one of packet oriented nodes. Currently, transition is happening from 2G
to 3G systems. Some of the 3G standards are EDGE and EGPRS (sometimes denoted
2.75G),CDMA 2000,W-CDMA or UMTS (3GSM), FOMA, 1xEV-DO/IS-856, TD-SCDMA,
GAN/UMA, 3.5G - HSDPA, 3.75G - HSUPA. The ITU defines a specific set of air interface
technologies as third generation, as part of the IMT-2000 initiative.

Fourth generation: According to the 4G working groups, the infrastructure and the terminals
will have almost all the standards from 2G to 3G implemented. The infrastructure will however
only be packet based, all-IP. The system will also serve as an open platform where the new
innovations can go with it. Some of the standards which pave the way for 4G systems are
WiMax, WiBro, 3GPP Long Term Evolution and 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband.
THIS MEANS 4G IS …….

4G is a short form of fourth-generation cellular communication
system which provides end-to-end IP solution where voice, data and
multimedia streaming can be served at higher data rates with
anytime-anywhere concept. No formal definition is set to what 4G is,
but the objectives that are predicted for 4G can be summarized in a
single sentence:

4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system of systems and
network of networks achieved after the convergence of wired and
wireless networks as well as computer, consumer electronics,
communication technology, and several other convergences that will
be capable of providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s, respectively, in
outdoor and indoor environments with end-to-end QoS and high
security, offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere, at
affordable cost and one billing.
Technologies/enablers for 4G Network…


1. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing
   (OFDM)

2. Software Defined Radio (SDR)

3. Multiple-input multiple-output ( MIMO )

4. CRE

5. Re-configurability

6. DSA

7. CR
Network for 2012 and beyond …..

•New Radio Environment
•New Technology
•Link the environment to technology and develop the architecture
•Multi-media centric Services
•MIMO Transceivers
•Flexible software technology to create autonomous networks
•Able to deliver ubiquitous mobile and fixed access supporting a wide range of convergent
services
•Spectrally efficient but low complexity TX/RX
•Space diversity methods for capacity enhancement
•Self planning and dynamically reconfigurable networks
•Indoor distributed antenna systems for high bit rate communication
•Radio resource metric estimation
•Implementation difficulties ( size, complexity and power constraints of the receiving
terminals, Miniaturization) despite potential benefits of MIMO
•Virtual Antenna Array
Technological Requirement what we perceive…



•Autonomous
•Intelligent
•Adaptive
•Flexible yet robust
•Challenge of Variety of traffic condition
•Service demand
•Mobility
Harmonization of IMS with SIP, HTTP & RSTP

    Various SDPs for Push to Talk, VoIP, Video
    streaming, Web Based application has :
       •Own subscriber profile data base
       •Signaling Functions
       •Application policy filter
       •Media transfer function
       •Billing function
       •Security function
HARMONIZATION                          OF      VARIOUS CORE NE


    GERAN         Gb
                                  SGSN           HSS
                                                                     AAA
                 Iu
                                       GPRS CORE                                    PCRF
     UTRAN                                                    S6
                               S3
                                                                              S7           Rx+
                                            S4
                                      S6

                                                        S5b                                 IMS
                            MME            SERVING             PDN
eUTRAN         S1           UPE              GW                GW
         eNB                        S5a
                                                                                   SGI

                                           S2b
                               ePDG
                                                                                    PUBLIC
                                    EVOLVED PACKET CORE                            INTERNET
                                                                        S2c
               IP Sec/PMP
                                                       S2a


                UnTrusted IP               Trusted IP                T/UT Mobile


                                    NON-3GPP ACCESS
Enhanced IMS Architecture


                 Subscriber Profile   Charging               Voice
                     function         Function
                                                   SIP
                                                             Video
      SIP, HTTP, RSTP
                                                             Phone
MS                                       Application
                 Signaling Function    Policy Function
                                                            Streaming
                                                               Video


                                                            SIP/RTSP
     RTP, HTTP                          Media
                   QoS policy and
                                       Transfer                TV
                   Media function      Function

                                                     HTTP

                                                              WEB
SIMPLIFIED CONVERGENT ARCHITECTURE
                               Application Servers
       Presence                     VCC            CSI          Centrex       Messaging




                                    Convergent Core
   HSS/HLR          CSCF       RACS         NASS                CCF           OCS




Mobile Softswitch            GGSN                  Fixed Softswitch




     MGW                     SGSN                                     ASN
                                             MSAN




      RNC              BSC                                                WiMax       IGW
                                          GPON           xDSL
                                                                           BS


   Node-B             BTS
MAIN DIFFERENCE 4G : WIMAX & LTE


 Parameters    WiMax 802.16e         WiMax 802.16m                     LTE
Frequency
               2.3,2.5,3.3,3.5,3.7        Under 6.0      0.7, 0.85, 0.9, 1.8, 1.9, 2.1, 2.5
Band GHz
BW MHz         3.5, 5, 7,8.75,10        Scalable 5-20         1.4,1.6,3.5,10,15,20
CHL
Throughput,
                     35                      50                              50
Mbps/10
MHz/Sector
Band Plan      TDD                       TDD, FDD                 Mostly FDD
User Plane
                     20                      5                           5
Latency ms
Control lane
                     100                    100                         100
Latency
Antenna,
Technology,
Core,                       MIMO, Scalable OFDMA, Flat ALL IP, IMS,
Application,
etc
WIMAX SCALES FOR FUTURE



Mobile WiMAX Release 1.0 (2x2 MIMO) : 64 Mbps in 10 MHz /sector
Mobile WiMAX Release 2.0 (4x4 MIMO) : 150 Mbps in 10 MHz / sector

Rule of thumb: the actual capacity (Mbps per channel per sector) in a multi-cell
environment for wireless technologies is ~ 20-30% of the peak theoretical data
rate.

•Peak data rates are theoretical and assume zero path loss – similar to “100
 Peak
Mbps Ethernet.” Data rates are calculated directly from the indicated air
interface specification.

** IEEE 802.16m Systems Requirements Document sets 300 Mbps as the
minimum peak data rate for the given configuration. Intel estimates rates could
reach 400 Mbps.
GLOBAL WIRELESS SPECTRUM ALLOCATIONS
WIMAX, LTE IN 4G WORLD




 WiMAX 802.16e evolution to 16m or LTE
UNIFIED PLATFORM – GSM/3G/WIMAX/LTE



          Unified Plateform                                Smooth Evolution
Unified    Software          System          Phase I           Phase II    Phase III
 HW
            GSM
                      =       GSM
                                            G      G   G       G   G          G   L
                                                                       3          T   3
                                            S      S   S       S   S          S
                                                                       G          E   G
             3G                             M      M   M       M   M          M
  B                   =      3G
  T
  S
      +                                                                               W
                                                                       W
            WiMAX
                      =      WiMAX           G     G   G       G   G   i      G   G   i
                                                                                      M
                                             S     S   S       S   S   M      S   S
                                             M     M   M       M   M   A      M   M   A
                                                                       X              X
             LTE
                      =     LTE



                      4th generation BS platform
           Unified hardware for GSM/3G/WiMAX/LTE
UPGRADE FROM WIMAX TO LTE

                                                                           Hardware Based On The 4th Generation Base Station.
                                                    New MME                           New BBI needed to support LTE
                                                     added
   Software                                                                RRU no need to change if use the same frequency band
  Upgrade to
      LTE                                          MME

                                                               Software
                eNode                                         Upgrade to
                                                               SAE-GW
                  B WiMA
                           X BS                                                       AAA
                                  IP Bear                                                CSN
  Software
                                  Network               ASN-GW
                                                                                  H                      DHCP
 Upgrade to                                         SAE-GW
     LTE        eNode                                                             A                      server
                  B   WiMAX
                             BS


Share clock, power, surveillance & alarm, save investment.
               Share facilities such as transmission.
      Only software upgrade to protect investment.
               Same GW platform for WiMAX & LTE.
THE KEY TRENDS



•Key RF performance differentiators such as Beamforming
and MIMO
•An open IP architecture making this a data network from
the ground up rather than the conversion of a circuit
switched network to support data.
•A “mass market” device portfolio that drives low subscriber
acquisition cost, retail distribution and user self installation,
including desktop, PCMCIA and outdoor devices
WIRELESS ACCESS & APPLICATION
WiMax Standard Roadmap
  Release 1                 Release 1
Requirements          Spec approved by WMF


                 Release 1.5
                Requirements                                                              Release 1.6
                                              Release 2                                 Spec approved by
                                            Requirements                                      WMF



   2005             2006             2007             2008                 2009                  2010
                                                                   Expected Timeline for Specifications
             Release 1:
   •Mobile and stationary WiMAX                   Release 1.5:                           Release 1.6:
   base spec: ASN, CSN mobility,          •IMS and PCC/Dynamic QoS              •Multimedia Session Continuity
          Sleep/Idle modes,             •Telephony VoIP with emergency                 •Seamless WiFi-WiMAX
      •IPv4 & IPv6 connectivity                     services                                  handover
    •Pre-provisioned/static QoS,              •Lawful interception                 •3GPP/2 IWK (optimized HO)
            •Optional RRM             •OTA APDO and device management                  •Femto Cell/SON
    •Network discovery/selection       •Ethernet services, VLAN, DSL IWK                •IPv4/Ipv6 IWK
         •IP/Eth CS support                 •Location based services                  •Enhancements in
   •Flexible credentials, pre- and                   •RoHC                                    •Roaming
                                                                                               •MCBCS
         postpaid accounting              Unstable so far                               •Emergency Services
      •Roaming (RADIUS only)
    •Mobile Internet applications
                                      may be available in 2010                              •IMS Support
                                             half two                               Unavailable so far
      Q2 2007,released
                                                                            The first version may be released
R1.0 is used by WiMAX industry                                                          in Q2 2010
Mobile Broadband Realistic Evolution

                                                     DL: ~141Mbps
                                                     UL: ~50Mbps

                                                             LTE
                                           DL: ~42Mbps
                                           UL: ~11Mbps
                 ~100 ms
                           DL: ~14.4Mbps            HSPA+
                           UL: ~5.76Mbps

                               HSPA
                                ~70 ms
  DL: ~384Kbps
  UL: ~384Kbps
                                           ~45 ms
  3G-WCDMA
                                                     ~15ms




                 2006            2010       2011     2014          2015 or later




     Increasing Bandwidth Decreasing Latency
BUZZ WORDS …IMS, VOLGA, LTE



There are three different ways to deliver voice services in future ( viz LTE):

•IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is approved by the 3GPP but may be too immature to rely on for early
deployment due to heavy cost, no IMS Roaming etc
•Circuit-switch (CS) fallback, in which the 2G or 3G networks are relied on for voice services ( NSN)
•Circuit-switch-over-packet, where the CS voice or SMS traffic is tunneled over LTE
( VoLGA which was formed on March 9, 2009 by :
                  1.    Alcatel-Lucent (NYSE: ALU)
                  2.    Ericsson AB (Nasdaq: ERIC)
                  3.    Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd.
                  4.    Kineto Wireless Inc.
                  5.    LG Electronics Inc. (London: LGLD; Korea: 6657.KS)
                  6.    Motorola Inc. (NYSE: MOT)
                  7.    Nortel Networks Ltd.
                  8.    Samsung Corp.
                  9.    Starent Networks Corp. (Nasdaq: STAR)
                  10.   T-Mobile International AG
                  11.   ZTE Corp. (Shenzhen: 000063; Hong Kong: 0763)

     How LTE ( Long Term Evolution) can be implemented in a “Short-Term” and it
    is not “Evolution” but it is a “Fork-Lift Replacement”
WHEN TO DEPLOY IMS

At the time being, the main triggers for deciding to deploy an IMS network
are certainly the following:
   1. Deployment or migration of an IPTV solution making use of IMS.
   2. Deployment of a selected set of IMS-enabled fixed mobile services
   3. Replacement of the legacy circuit-switched network for fixed telephony
      services (IMS used as PSTN emulation subsystem).
   4. Deployment of a compelling set of mobile services through the Rich
      Communication Suite (RCS) or something else.
   5. Deployment of a carrier grade VoIP solution for fixed residential customers,
      possibly with mobile/fixed convergence services including or not call
      contuinity between fixed and cellular access (knowned as voice call
      continuity).
   6. Deployment of carrier grade enterprise services including for instance
      business trunking, IP centrex or fixed mobile convergence.
Advancement in 4G beyond 2012…

  Advancement in the 4G for 2012….are towards:
  1. Radio resource management
  2. Adaptive cell sizing
  3. Situation awareness
  4. Dynamic charging
  5. Base station bunching
  6. Intelligent handover
  7. Intelligent relaying
Converged Network Operation Beyond 2012….


                                              PSTN
                      PLMN
  Sensor
 Networks                                                Private
             Adhoc              IP NETWORK
            Network                                      Network




                                         Network         BRAN
                         Cellular
                                      Reconfiguration    WLAN
    CELLULAR             Network
                                             &           Access
    NETWORK               Access
                                           DSA
    MACRO
    MICRO
    PICO
    NANO

                                       Reconfigurable
                        Satellite                          DVB
                                      Mobile Terminals
Converged Terminal Operation Beyond 2012….


                                        Application Layer
 Terminal
 Management
 System

 •Profile                                Transport Layer
 •User Preference                           TCP/UDP
 •Terminal characteristic
                                                             Protocols
 •QoS
 •Mobility                                                   Boosters
                                                                 &
 •Intersystem
 •Network selection                       Network Layer     Conversion
 •Network discovery                            IP




                             GPRS       UMTS           WLAN/BRAN           DVB
   Bandwidth
                            Support    Support          Support          Support
 reassignment
                            Protocol   Protocol         Protocol         Protocol
Conclusion

• Advanced 4G ( Network for 2012 & Beyond LTE) is a
  concept rather than technology for mobile and wireless
  communications.

• It stands for "MAGIC," i.e. Mobile multimedia, Anytime/any-
  where, Global mobility support, Integrated wireless and
  Customized personal service.


• It is a convergence of Mobile and Fixed Broadband ( Voice,
  Data & Video) Wireless with enhanced mobility in vertical
  domain of self-organized adaptive network elements

•   “Advanced 4G” deployments are expected to be seen around
    2012 to 2015.
CONCLUSION

      THANKS
         For
An Excellent Audience

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Mobile WiMAX drives speed to market for 4G networks By Data Sharan Mishra, Qtel

  • 1. WiMax 2010 – New Delhi Mobile WiMAX drives speed to market for 4G networks By Data Sharan Mishra, M.Tech. M.I.E.E.E. Network Architecture Expert, Qtel 23rd April 2010
  • 2. Agenda —Need for wireless 4G solutions today —WiMAX technology enjoys a significant time to market advantage for seeking to deliver the 4G experience. —Vendors committed to this technology path are challenging the traditional mobile infrastructure ecosystem —Highlighting the technology innovation and network deployment Experience.
  • 3. Technology and Market Dynamics Drive Changes Network Market Conditions Transformation & Telecom Industry & Technology Regulatory •Opportunity for new •Massive Growth of services Data Traffic •Narrowband to •New Network •More Competitor Broadband Architecture •Flat growth of Voice •Vertical to Horizontal •Changes of Control point Traffic Layering •Globalization •Open Standard •Deregulation •Flexibility & operational •Maturity of IP •Convergence efficiency
  • 4. Statements ….. •ARPU is declining •Competition is Increasing •Focus shall be alternative revenue stream •Roles and responsibilities in Value-Chain •Drivers and Barriers •It is evolving
  • 5. Cross-industry Penetration and Intensifying Competition Carriers compete on a broader scale Expanding into the IT service field to create value for business users Expanding into content & entertainment and other fields to create value for end users Applications IT Infrastructure Mobile Fixed Voice/Data Content, Entertainment Broadband Internet
  • 6. Market News ……… •The 2033 concept would allow for the device to capture memories directly from the user’s brain, through a process Motorola calls "organic memory capture". •Rel-8 introduced dual-carrier HSDPA operation in the downlink while Rel-9 similarly introduced dual-carrier HSUPA operation in the uplink and also enhanced the dual-carrier HSDPA operation by combining it with MIMO. •A reported 130 operators around the world have written LTE into their technology roadmaps. In December 2009, TeliaSonera launched the world’s first LTE networks in Norway and Sweden and an estimated 17 operators are expected to follow in its footsteps in 2010. •“LTE must efficiently and seamlessly coexist with existing wireless technologies during its rise to becoming the leading next-generation wireless technology.” •"The demand for LTE femtocells is unquestionable. We are already seeing operators asking for small cell access points to start testing in the second half of this year. Femtocells represent the key to avoiding the difficulties surrounding the first 3G deployments where roll-outs cost too much, took too long and did not meet user expectations •India's mobile phone companies added an average of nearly 15 million subscribers a month in 2009 to bring the total number of cellular users to 525.15 million - up 51.4 percent from December 2008. •HSPA+ was generally the most efficient way of upgrading use of bandwidth already in use and was likely to dominate in the short term at least, with an estimated 1.4 billion subscribers worldwide by 2013, around ten times the estimated take-up of LTE. •HSPA+ release 7, which became available last year, uses MIMO technology like that in 11n Wifi to help take the peak downlink throughput to 28Mbps, with 11Mbps on the uplink. Release 8, for which chipsets will become available this year, aggregates two carrier signals to bring peak data rates to 42Mbps on the downlink. •Release 9 will put two MIMO streams on each of two 5MHz carriers, aggregated to produce a 10MHz data pipe delivering 84Mbps on the downlink; the uplink uses simple aggregation to 23Mbps. A projected Release 10 would bring the peak downlink speed to 168Mbps, though this would require 20MHz carriers only available in the 2.5GHz and 2.6GHz bands.
  • 7. Indian Telecom Market- The Facts Since liberalization in 1991 : •Unprecedented growth ---US$ 200 Billion worth platform •Contributing to GDP Growth ---13% •Wireless Market ---400 Million •Pre Paid --- more than 90% Pre •Post paid --- less than 10% •Every month double digit Millions subscribers are added •GSM ARPU has been declined in 3 Years US$ 9 to US$ 4
  • 8. Main Drivers for Future Network Drivers for VAS will depend upon : •Adaptation Rate •Subscription & •Average speed Main drivers for future Network: •Consumption of Mobile Data •Operators profitability •Terminal Capability
  • 9. Drivers for Future NW – A Service Providers view High Priority Services: 1. Voice (e.g., VoIP, PoC) - Video Telephony 2. Multimedia conferencing 3. Instant Messaging Services 4. Fast Interactive Sessions 5. High priority E-commerce 6. Email (VPN) 7. Security, Safety & Dependability 8. public safety alarms, sport highlights, TV Low Priority Services: 1. SMS - MMS 2. Audio – Video streaming 3. Slow Interactive Sessions 4. Download video/audio 5. Web browsing (per page) 6. Email (Internet) 7. Voice mail access
  • 10. NETWORKING REQUIREMENT •Best Effort IP connectivity such as FTP, email, •Fixed, Nomadic, Portable, Mobile Usage instant messaging, web browsing, remote Scenarios access VPN •Deployment scenarios and prioritization •Managed IP services in support of •Services Support (VoIP, IMS, MBS) applications such as VoIP, Audio/Video •QoS/Admin Control/Services Flows streaming, multimedia IP •Network Discovery & Selection •conferencing, managed VPNs and interactive •Security gaming. •Accounting •Mechanisms are required to enforce Service •IP Connection management Level Agreements (SLAs) providing •Mobility Management differentiation of service levels across •Radio Resource Management Radio subscribers •Roaming •Support QoS according requirements five •Internetworking application classes defined by the Application •Migration, Evolution and Forward/backward Working Group Compatibility •Security on Airlink using AES CCM 128 bit
  • 11. DRIVERS FOR NETWORK DESIGN Services Economics •Data rates •Spectrum, acquisition and usage •Content delivery •Site acquisition •QoS •Backhaul •Mobile/nomadic • Support, management and maintenance Network Technology •Number of subscribers Geographic •OFDM area/Roaming •Smart Antennas •Quality/Capacity •MIMO •Coverage •Mesh •Complexity/cost of network elements •Migration •Portability/mobility
  • 12. DEPLOYMENT MODEL Example # 1 • Pay as you grow • Start with a few macro-cells per city – Traditional model for BWA networks – Minimize initial investment • Outdoor-install CPEs required to achieve desired coverage – Advanced optional WiMAX features required to provide desired coverage and maximize link availability under NLOS • Indoor self-install possible for close-in CPEs – Advanced optional WiMAX features become critical • Increase network capacity as subscriber base grows – Additional base stations and/or sectors per BS Example # 2 • Start with many micro-cells per city – Traditional model for mobile networks – Maximize network capacity and coverage – Larger initial investment required – Network designed to maximize probability of coverage • Higher percentage of indoor self-installs possible – Advanced optional WiMAX features become critical • Near-ubiquitous coverage enables nomadic services: “Personal Broadband”
  • 13. Residential & Business Service – What I think Market Services CS Type Model SLA Example Residential Internet Access IP-CS/Eth-CS Fixed Best Effort (BE) with per-user bandwidth metering VoIP Telephony IP-CS/Eth-CS Fixed Extended-real-time polling service (Ert-PS) Personal BB Internet Access IP-CS Nomadic/Mobile BE with per-user bandwidth metering L3 VPN IP-CS Nomadic/Mobile nrtPS or BE with per-user bandwidth metering VoIP IP-CS Nomadic/Mobile Extended Real Time Polling Service (nrtPS) Business L3 VPN Eth-CS/IP-CS Fixed nrtPS or BE with per-user bandwidth metering E-Line-(L2VPN P2P) Eth-CS Fixed nrtPS)or BE with per-user bandwidth metering E-LAN - (L2VPN P2MP) Eth-CS Fixed nrtPS or BE with variable bandwidth metering Managed Voice Eth-CS/IP-CS Fixed Extended-real-time polling service (Ert-PS) Wholesale L3 (P2P, MP) Eth-CS Fixed BE per-user bandwidth profiles with optional priority L2 (P2P, MP) Eth-CS Fixed BE per-user bandwidth profiles with optional priority
  • 14. Mobility vs User Data Rate Nationwide WiMax 802.16 Urban TDD Flash OFDM 2G 802.20 Campus Indoors RFID Bluetooth Fixed 0.1 Mb/s 1 Mb/s 10 Mb/s 100Mb/s
  • 15. Best Practices Visibility Don’t Join in just because it’s “in” Public/private partnership Avoid over-hyping Positive Negative the project or the Hype Hype technology Understand difference between immediate implementation Don’t miss out and just because it’s “out” institutional thought process Techn- Peak of Tough of Slope of Plateau of changes ology inflated disillusion- enlighten- productivity trigger expectation ment ment
  • 16. Short Video - LTE Hitler upset for LTE does not have CS domain.flv
  • 17. Short Video - WiMax hitler wiimax (trial version).flv
  • 18. VOICE VS INTERNET •Typical data rate required for a voice call – 10 Kbps (and reducing with time) – Constant bit-rate, static •Typical data rate for an Internet session – 1- 5 Mbps (and increasing with time) – Bursty traffic •There are 2 orders of magnitude (x100) difference in data rate requirements with expectations of lower prices •A network optimized for voice cannot simultaneously be optimized to handle a high number of broadband mobile Internet users – More spectrum needed for broadband subscribers to access the network – More backhaul required to handle traffic to & from the Internet •Internet business model requires lower cost per bit and significantly more capacity
  • 19. SOLUTIONS TO INTERFERENCE • OFDM & OFDMA • Antenna Technologies – Adaptive Antenna System • Dynamic Frequency Selection • MIMO • Software Defined Radios
  • 20. WHY OFDM IS FUTURE…….. • High peak-to-average power levels • Preservation of orthogonality in severe multi-path • Efficient FFT based receiver structures • Enables efficient TX and RX diversity • Adaptive antenna arrays without joint equalization • Support for adaptive modulation by subcarrier • Frequency diversity • Robust against narrow-band interference • Efficient for simulcasting • Variable/dynamic bandwidth • Used for highest speed applications • Supports dynamic packet access
  • 21. 4G Network Requirement…. 1. A spectrally efficient system (in bits/s/Hz and bit/s/Hz/site), 2. High network capacity: more number of users per cell 3. A nominal data rate of 100 Mbit/s at high speeds and 1 Gbit/s at stationary conditions as defined by the ITU-R 4. A data rate of at least 100 Mbit/s between any two points in the world 5. Smooth handoff across heterogeneous network 6. Seamless connectivity and global roaming across multiple networks 7. High quality of service for next generation multimedia support (real time audio, high speed data, HDTV video content, mobile TV, etc) 8. Interoperability with the existing wireless standards, and 9. An all IP, packet switched network
  • 22. Main Characteristics for Mobile 4G… 1. Mobility 2. Latency ( low ) 3. Spectral Efficiency. 4. High Throughput 5. Quality of Service 6. Security 7. Backward compatibility 8. TCO 9. High Availability
  • 23. What next ……. Addition of “Presence”, “Location” and “Mobility” is a winning key factor for Value Addition so future Revenues lies in: •Mobile Gaming •Advertising •Information sharing Specifically : •VoIP •PTT & PTM •Voice Messaging with Voice Attachment •Video conferencing •Video Monitoring •See what I see •Higher level of multi-play capability •Remote control of PVR •Mobile banking •User generated contents •Proximity payment
  • 24. Requirement of Access Network •Super macro-cell for extra wide-area coverage of sparely populated areas such as remote villages, seas, or deserts. This type of base station shall support coverage of tens or hundreds of square kilometres and therefore, may require a different power, tower, and cabinet design. Furthermore, given its remote location, it needs to remain highly available in absence of regular maintenance. Deployment of this type of cell shall be dependent on operator’s internal deployment policies, but all such deployments shall meet all local regulations (such as maximum allowable power emission). Finally, please note that for this type of coverage, a new terminal design may be required. • Conventional macro-cell for wide-area coverage: This type of base station shall aim to re-use existing resources and support a smooth migration from legacy systems. These issues are described in more detail in subsequent sections. • Urban micro-cell for broadband metropolitan coverage: This type of base station is much less constrained by backward compatibility and migration issues (in terms of reuse of assets), as it will largely be deployed on new sites. This limits its size and antenna configuration to fit nicely into an urban landscape. • Indoors pico-cell for traffic hot spots: This type of base station is optimised for size and cost and not capacity, with variants for home, office, and mobile installations (e.g., access points). Furthermore, in this scenario the use of larger than 20 MHz channels spacing is not precluded in the future if frequency allocations allow it.
  • 25. Requirement for Core Network •Access Management •Content Filtering •Efficient backhaul and core transport cost minimization •Efficient Routing •Enablers •Flexible support for different service classes •Harmonised IP Network Infrastructure •Latency •Lawful Interception •Open and Standardised Architecture •Operator Service and Access Management •Packet Inspection for Compliance and Policy Implementation •Roaming and Interconnection Support •Service Management •Support for Broadcast and Multicast Services •Support for Competitive Cost Structure •Support for Diverse Bearers •Support for Real-time & Streaming Services •Throughput •Value Based Charging
  • 26. VARIOUS ATTRIBUTE OF 3GPP Release 99: Completed. First deployable version of UMTS. Enhancements to GSM data (EDGE). Majority of deployments today are based on Release 99. Provides support for GSM/EDGE/GPRS/WCDMA radio-access networks. Release 4: Completed. Multimedia messaging support. First steps toward using IP transport in the core network. Release 5: Completed. HSDPA. First phase of IMS. Full ability to use IP-based transport instead of just Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) in the core network. Release 6: Completed. HSUPA. Enhanced multimedia support through Multimedia Broadcast/Multicast Services (MBMS). Performance specifications for advanced receivers. WLAN integration option. IMS enhancements. Initial VoIP capability. Release 7: Completed. Provides enhanced GSM data functionality with Evolved EDGE. Specifies HSPA Evolution (HSPA+), which includes higher order modulation and MIMO. Provides fine-tuning and incremental improvements of features from previous releases. Results include performance enhancements, improved spectral efficiency, increased capacity, and better resistance to interference. Continuous Packet Connectivity (CPC) enables efficient “always-on” service and enhanced uplink UL VoIP capacity as well as reductions in call set-up delay for PoC. Radio enhancements to HSPA include 64 QAM in the downlink DL and 16 QAM in the uplink. Also includes optimization of MBMS capabilities through the multicast/broadcast single-frequency network (MBSFN) function. Release 8: Under development. Comprises further HSPA Evolution features such as simultaneous use of MIMO and 64 QAM. Includes work item for dual-carrier HSPA (DC-HSPA) where two WCDMA radio channels can be combined for a doubling of throughput performance. Specifies OFDMA-based 3GPP LTE. Defines EPC. Release 9: Expected to include HSPA and LTE enhancements. Release 10: Expected to specify LTE Advanced that meets the requirements set by ITU’s IMT-Advanced project.
  • 27. EVOLUTION OR DISRUPTION…….. First generation: Almost all of the systems from this generation were analog systems where voice was considered to be the main traffic. These systems could often be listened to by third parties. some of the standards are NMT, AMPS, Hicap, CDPD, Mobitex DataTac Second generation: All the standards belonging to this generation are commercial centric and they are digital in form. Around 60% of the current market is dominated by European standards. The second generation standards are GSM, iDEN, D-AMPS, IS-95, PDC, CSD, PHS, GPRS, HSCSD, and WiDEN. Third generation: To meet the growing demands in the number of subscribers (increase in network capacity), rates required for high speed data transfer and multimedia applications 3G standards started evolving. The systems in this standard are basically a linear enhancement of 2G systems. They are based on two parallel backbone infrastructures, one consisting of circuit switched nodes, and one of packet oriented nodes. Currently, transition is happening from 2G to 3G systems. Some of the 3G standards are EDGE and EGPRS (sometimes denoted 2.75G),CDMA 2000,W-CDMA or UMTS (3GSM), FOMA, 1xEV-DO/IS-856, TD-SCDMA, GAN/UMA, 3.5G - HSDPA, 3.75G - HSUPA. The ITU defines a specific set of air interface technologies as third generation, as part of the IMT-2000 initiative. Fourth generation: According to the 4G working groups, the infrastructure and the terminals will have almost all the standards from 2G to 3G implemented. The infrastructure will however only be packet based, all-IP. The system will also serve as an open platform where the new innovations can go with it. Some of the standards which pave the way for 4G systems are WiMax, WiBro, 3GPP Long Term Evolution and 3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband.
  • 28. THIS MEANS 4G IS ……. 4G is a short form of fourth-generation cellular communication system which provides end-to-end IP solution where voice, data and multimedia streaming can be served at higher data rates with anytime-anywhere concept. No formal definition is set to what 4G is, but the objectives that are predicted for 4G can be summarized in a single sentence: 4G will be a fully IP-based integrated system of systems and network of networks achieved after the convergence of wired and wireless networks as well as computer, consumer electronics, communication technology, and several other convergences that will be capable of providing 100 Mbit/s and 1 Gbit/s, respectively, in outdoor and indoor environments with end-to-end QoS and high security, offering any kind of services anytime, anywhere, at affordable cost and one billing.
  • 29. Technologies/enablers for 4G Network… 1. Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) 2. Software Defined Radio (SDR) 3. Multiple-input multiple-output ( MIMO ) 4. CRE 5. Re-configurability 6. DSA 7. CR
  • 30. Network for 2012 and beyond ….. •New Radio Environment •New Technology •Link the environment to technology and develop the architecture •Multi-media centric Services •MIMO Transceivers •Flexible software technology to create autonomous networks •Able to deliver ubiquitous mobile and fixed access supporting a wide range of convergent services •Spectrally efficient but low complexity TX/RX •Space diversity methods for capacity enhancement •Self planning and dynamically reconfigurable networks •Indoor distributed antenna systems for high bit rate communication •Radio resource metric estimation •Implementation difficulties ( size, complexity and power constraints of the receiving terminals, Miniaturization) despite potential benefits of MIMO •Virtual Antenna Array
  • 31. Technological Requirement what we perceive… •Autonomous •Intelligent •Adaptive •Flexible yet robust •Challenge of Variety of traffic condition •Service demand •Mobility
  • 32. Harmonization of IMS with SIP, HTTP & RSTP Various SDPs for Push to Talk, VoIP, Video streaming, Web Based application has : •Own subscriber profile data base •Signaling Functions •Application policy filter •Media transfer function •Billing function •Security function
  • 33. HARMONIZATION OF VARIOUS CORE NE GERAN Gb SGSN HSS AAA Iu GPRS CORE PCRF UTRAN S6 S3 S7 Rx+ S4 S6 S5b IMS MME SERVING PDN eUTRAN S1 UPE GW GW eNB S5a SGI S2b ePDG PUBLIC EVOLVED PACKET CORE INTERNET S2c IP Sec/PMP S2a UnTrusted IP Trusted IP T/UT Mobile NON-3GPP ACCESS
  • 34. Enhanced IMS Architecture Subscriber Profile Charging Voice function Function SIP Video SIP, HTTP, RSTP Phone MS Application Signaling Function Policy Function Streaming Video SIP/RTSP RTP, HTTP Media QoS policy and Transfer TV Media function Function HTTP WEB
  • 35. SIMPLIFIED CONVERGENT ARCHITECTURE Application Servers Presence VCC CSI Centrex Messaging Convergent Core HSS/HLR CSCF RACS NASS CCF OCS Mobile Softswitch GGSN Fixed Softswitch MGW SGSN ASN MSAN RNC BSC WiMax IGW GPON xDSL BS Node-B BTS
  • 36. MAIN DIFFERENCE 4G : WIMAX & LTE Parameters WiMax 802.16e WiMax 802.16m LTE Frequency 2.3,2.5,3.3,3.5,3.7 Under 6.0 0.7, 0.85, 0.9, 1.8, 1.9, 2.1, 2.5 Band GHz BW MHz 3.5, 5, 7,8.75,10 Scalable 5-20 1.4,1.6,3.5,10,15,20 CHL Throughput, 35 50 50 Mbps/10 MHz/Sector Band Plan TDD TDD, FDD Mostly FDD User Plane 20 5 5 Latency ms Control lane 100 100 100 Latency Antenna, Technology, Core, MIMO, Scalable OFDMA, Flat ALL IP, IMS, Application, etc
  • 37. WIMAX SCALES FOR FUTURE Mobile WiMAX Release 1.0 (2x2 MIMO) : 64 Mbps in 10 MHz /sector Mobile WiMAX Release 2.0 (4x4 MIMO) : 150 Mbps in 10 MHz / sector Rule of thumb: the actual capacity (Mbps per channel per sector) in a multi-cell environment for wireless technologies is ~ 20-30% of the peak theoretical data rate. •Peak data rates are theoretical and assume zero path loss – similar to “100 Peak Mbps Ethernet.” Data rates are calculated directly from the indicated air interface specification. ** IEEE 802.16m Systems Requirements Document sets 300 Mbps as the minimum peak data rate for the given configuration. Intel estimates rates could reach 400 Mbps.
  • 39. WIMAX, LTE IN 4G WORLD WiMAX 802.16e evolution to 16m or LTE
  • 40. UNIFIED PLATFORM – GSM/3G/WIMAX/LTE Unified Plateform Smooth Evolution Unified Software System Phase I Phase II Phase III HW GSM = GSM G G G G G G L 3 T 3 S S S S S S G E G 3G M M M M M M B = 3G T S + W W WiMAX = WiMAX G G G G G i G G i M S S S S S M S S M M M M M A M M A X X LTE = LTE 4th generation BS platform Unified hardware for GSM/3G/WiMAX/LTE
  • 41. UPGRADE FROM WIMAX TO LTE Hardware Based On The 4th Generation Base Station. New MME New BBI needed to support LTE added Software RRU no need to change if use the same frequency band Upgrade to LTE MME Software eNode Upgrade to SAE-GW B WiMA X BS AAA IP Bear CSN Software Network ASN-GW H DHCP Upgrade to SAE-GW LTE eNode A server B WiMAX BS Share clock, power, surveillance & alarm, save investment. Share facilities such as transmission. Only software upgrade to protect investment. Same GW platform for WiMAX & LTE.
  • 42. THE KEY TRENDS •Key RF performance differentiators such as Beamforming and MIMO •An open IP architecture making this a data network from the ground up rather than the conversion of a circuit switched network to support data. •A “mass market” device portfolio that drives low subscriber acquisition cost, retail distribution and user self installation, including desktop, PCMCIA and outdoor devices
  • 43. WIRELESS ACCESS & APPLICATION
  • 44. WiMax Standard Roadmap Release 1 Release 1 Requirements Spec approved by WMF Release 1.5 Requirements Release 1.6 Release 2 Spec approved by Requirements WMF 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Expected Timeline for Specifications Release 1: •Mobile and stationary WiMAX Release 1.5: Release 1.6: base spec: ASN, CSN mobility, •IMS and PCC/Dynamic QoS •Multimedia Session Continuity Sleep/Idle modes, •Telephony VoIP with emergency •Seamless WiFi-WiMAX •IPv4 & IPv6 connectivity services handover •Pre-provisioned/static QoS, •Lawful interception •3GPP/2 IWK (optimized HO) •Optional RRM •OTA APDO and device management •Femto Cell/SON •Network discovery/selection •Ethernet services, VLAN, DSL IWK •IPv4/Ipv6 IWK •IP/Eth CS support •Location based services •Enhancements in •Flexible credentials, pre- and •RoHC •Roaming •MCBCS postpaid accounting Unstable so far •Emergency Services •Roaming (RADIUS only) •Mobile Internet applications may be available in 2010 •IMS Support half two Unavailable so far Q2 2007,released The first version may be released R1.0 is used by WiMAX industry in Q2 2010
  • 45. Mobile Broadband Realistic Evolution DL: ~141Mbps UL: ~50Mbps LTE DL: ~42Mbps UL: ~11Mbps ~100 ms DL: ~14.4Mbps HSPA+ UL: ~5.76Mbps HSPA ~70 ms DL: ~384Kbps UL: ~384Kbps ~45 ms 3G-WCDMA ~15ms 2006 2010 2011 2014 2015 or later Increasing Bandwidth Decreasing Latency
  • 46. BUZZ WORDS …IMS, VOLGA, LTE There are three different ways to deliver voice services in future ( viz LTE): •IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS) is approved by the 3GPP but may be too immature to rely on for early deployment due to heavy cost, no IMS Roaming etc •Circuit-switch (CS) fallback, in which the 2G or 3G networks are relied on for voice services ( NSN) •Circuit-switch-over-packet, where the CS voice or SMS traffic is tunneled over LTE ( VoLGA which was formed on March 9, 2009 by : 1. Alcatel-Lucent (NYSE: ALU) 2. Ericsson AB (Nasdaq: ERIC) 3. Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. 4. Kineto Wireless Inc. 5. LG Electronics Inc. (London: LGLD; Korea: 6657.KS) 6. Motorola Inc. (NYSE: MOT) 7. Nortel Networks Ltd. 8. Samsung Corp. 9. Starent Networks Corp. (Nasdaq: STAR) 10. T-Mobile International AG 11. ZTE Corp. (Shenzhen: 000063; Hong Kong: 0763) How LTE ( Long Term Evolution) can be implemented in a “Short-Term” and it is not “Evolution” but it is a “Fork-Lift Replacement”
  • 47. WHEN TO DEPLOY IMS At the time being, the main triggers for deciding to deploy an IMS network are certainly the following: 1. Deployment or migration of an IPTV solution making use of IMS. 2. Deployment of a selected set of IMS-enabled fixed mobile services 3. Replacement of the legacy circuit-switched network for fixed telephony services (IMS used as PSTN emulation subsystem). 4. Deployment of a compelling set of mobile services through the Rich Communication Suite (RCS) or something else. 5. Deployment of a carrier grade VoIP solution for fixed residential customers, possibly with mobile/fixed convergence services including or not call contuinity between fixed and cellular access (knowned as voice call continuity). 6. Deployment of carrier grade enterprise services including for instance business trunking, IP centrex or fixed mobile convergence.
  • 48. Advancement in 4G beyond 2012… Advancement in the 4G for 2012….are towards: 1. Radio resource management 2. Adaptive cell sizing 3. Situation awareness 4. Dynamic charging 5. Base station bunching 6. Intelligent handover 7. Intelligent relaying
  • 49. Converged Network Operation Beyond 2012…. PSTN PLMN Sensor Networks Private Adhoc IP NETWORK Network Network Network BRAN Cellular Reconfiguration WLAN CELLULAR Network & Access NETWORK Access DSA MACRO MICRO PICO NANO Reconfigurable Satellite DVB Mobile Terminals
  • 50. Converged Terminal Operation Beyond 2012…. Application Layer Terminal Management System •Profile Transport Layer •User Preference TCP/UDP •Terminal characteristic Protocols •QoS •Mobility Boosters & •Intersystem •Network selection Network Layer Conversion •Network discovery IP GPRS UMTS WLAN/BRAN DVB Bandwidth Support Support Support Support reassignment Protocol Protocol Protocol Protocol
  • 51. Conclusion • Advanced 4G ( Network for 2012 & Beyond LTE) is a concept rather than technology for mobile and wireless communications. • It stands for "MAGIC," i.e. Mobile multimedia, Anytime/any- where, Global mobility support, Integrated wireless and Customized personal service. • It is a convergence of Mobile and Fixed Broadband ( Voice, Data & Video) Wireless with enhanced mobility in vertical domain of self-organized adaptive network elements • “Advanced 4G” deployments are expected to be seen around 2012 to 2015.
  • 52. CONCLUSION THANKS For An Excellent Audience