1.
MODELS OF CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT
INTRODUCTION
Educators use guides to help them decides what, when, and how to teach.
This curriculum guides however, are based on models. Have you ever
thought ever on where your lesson plan comes from? It is through this
guide provided by instructors or the educational authorities that help a
teacher to draw a lesson plan for his/her lesson to be delivered well.
However, to understand a curriculum model, one need to have a clear
understanding of what a curriculum itself all about, Curriculum can
therefore be defined as a plan used in education that directs teacher
instruction. Many schools use a tooldesign to help the teachers to pace
their lessons called curriculum guide. But curriculum and curriculum
guide do not just come out a thin air. Time and energy goes into the
creation of this document. This process is then known as curriculum
development.
Also it is important to note that curriculum development is base on
curriculum model which is really the first step in curriculum development.
A curriculum models determines the type of curriculum used; it
encompasses educational philosophy, approachto teaching, and
methodology. The good news is that, unless you have been hired to design
curriculum, you won’t come across curriculum model. However, it is for
educators to be familiar with the model used in their schools.

2.
CURRICULUM MODEL FRAMEWORKS
To dive in a bit new further, and before we look at the specific models in
Curriculum development, let us look at how curriculum models are
formed. Five broad categories are can be used to define the focus of
curriculum models
1. SUBJECTSOR DISCIPLINE CENTRE:in this framework, the
curriculum is organized around subjects like Mathematics or
science
2. INTEGRATED:Just like it sound, this framework pulls many
subjects together. We see this model is used in problem based
learning and experimental learning
3. SPIRAL: In this framework, the content is presented several times
across the span of the schoolyear. It is seen mostly in mathematics
using the design allows student to be introduced and then revisit
material often
4. INQUIRY OR PROBLEM BASED: Not to be confused with the
integrated models, this curriculum focuses on the central problem
or question. In this frame, all curriculums are problem based, while
in integrated it may or may not.
5. EXPERIMENTAL:using this framework allows students to
participate in real life ways with their works such as; experimenting
with hypothesis, working through problems and find solutions.
MODELS OF CURRICULUM
They are two main curriculum development models used in
education.

3.
1. THE TYLER MODEL: it was named after the educator who
developed it, Raph Tyler. This model id=s deductive and from a
basis of scientific management with a preference for education
administrators developing the curriculum and having the
teachers implement it. Moreover, the Tyler model uses only four
(4) steps with a state of the objectives coming first, followed by
choosing learning experience to attain those objectives,
organizing materials for effective instructions and finally
evaluating the effectiveness and revising effective areas.
THE TYLER RATIONAL
25 years ago, R W TYLER, produced his cause and titled basic
principle of curriculum and instructions. In it we identify four
fundamental questions which he suggested to be answered in
developing any curriculum and plane of instruction, these
questions were;
i. What educational purposes should the educational
establishment seek to attain?
ii. What educational experiences can be provided that is
likely to attain this purposes?
iii. How can these educational experiences be effectively
organized?
iv. How can we determine whether these purposes are being
attained?
The Tyler rationale (as it has become known) continues to
e the bases of much of the recent curriculum development
which has taken place. Attempts have been made to
attained the list of possible questions, comprising the

4.
curriculum process (forexample) with a jurney, as is
shown below
(1) Is the journey necessary?
(2) Where are we going? (aims and objective)
(3)What road do we take? (subject model)
(4)What vehicle shall we drive? (content)
(5)How shall we drive the vehicle (approach to learning)
(6)What sort of map shall we provide (education
technology)
(7)Who are our fellow travellers (other areas of the
curriculum)
(8)How do we tell whether we are on the right track?
(evaluation)
(9)How can we tell if we have arrived? (assessment)
(10) How do we tell others? ( dissemination)
(11) What mistakes did we make? (feedback)
2. THE TABA MODEL: like the Tyler model, the Tabamodel is
also named after the educator who developed it. This model is
inductive, it encourages significant amounts of inputs from
teachers in creating curriculum because they are the ones
interacting on the daily basis with learns. This model however,
uses seven steps. The first being a diagnosis of needs, followed
by an identification of the objectives and implementation based
on those objectives. The following steps involve organizing the
content by the teacher, selecting the learning experiences,

5.
organizing the activities and evaluating the effectiveness of the
curriculum.
It is important to note that bot the Tyler and the Taba models are
developed to serve educational purposes with the structure of the
curriculum. Also the two models have similarities but
approaches education from different perspectives
REFERENCES
1. Researchomatic.com-cuip.uchicago.edu
2. Curriculum model by Fkv.wikispace.com
3. Rogers C.R. 1969, Freedom to learnin, Merril.