The Norcem CO2 Capture Project tested four post-combustion carbon capture technologies at a test center located at the Norcem cement plant in Brevik, Norway over a scheduled 3.5 year period. The project found that Aker Solution's amine-based technology was able to reliably capture over 90% of CO2 emissions during long-term testing. Benchmark studies were conducted to evaluate the commercial viability of installing carbon capture technology at the Norcem plant. Further work will optimize the amine technology and study integrating a commercial-scale capture plant at the Brevik site. The project provides valuable insights into the feasibility of deploying carbon capture in the cement industry.

1. Norcem CO2 Capture Project
Status and Results
Liv Bjerge | Norcem CO2 Capture Project Manager
Workshop NRC - 18. March 2015

2. Background – Why CCS?
Mar 2015
Norcem CO2 capture project - Project Manager Liv Bjerge
Slide 2 -
850 °C
1450 °C
- Cement industry major emitter of CO2: 5 % (1,9 Gt/ y)
Two sources:
1) 2/3 Main raw material (limestone)
2) 1/3 Fuels  to keep the high temperature in cyclone tower and kiln
- HeidelbergCement: 100 cement plant  50 mill tons CO2/y
- Norcem Brevik: Approx. 800 000 t CO2/ y

3. Norcem CO2 capture project - Project Manager Liv Bjerge
The Project
 Small scale test centre at Norcem Brevik
 4 post-combustion CO2-capture technologies
 Small scale testing  full scale perspective
 Kicked off in May 2013 – scheduled for 3,5 years
 Partners:
• Norcem
• HeidelbergCement
• ECRA (European Cement Research Academy)
 Project on behalf of the cement industry in Europe!
 Total budget: 93 mill. NOK (11,7 M€)
 Gassnova / Climit-Program: 75% support
Mar 2015Slide 3 -

4. Mandate and Main Objectives
■ Study and compare various CO2-capture technologies on real
conditions
■ Qualification of technologies
– Determine how suitable these are for implementation at modern cement kiln
systems
■ Focus on CO2 Capture
– Transport and storage is not part of the study
■ Technology Performance due to:
– Capture rate
– Energy consumption
– Impact from flue gas impurities
– Costs (CAPEX/ OPEX)
■ Full Scale/ Commercial Scale Perspective
– Utilization of waste heat
– Full scale not necessarily 100 % capture
Mar 2015
Norcem CO2 capture project - Project Manager Liv Bjerge
Slide 4

5. Benchmark Study | Commercial Scale Perspective
Norcem CO2 capture project - Project Manager Liv Bjerge
Slide 5 Mar 2015
Benchmark Report – Project Milestone Delivery

6. Benchmark Study - 3 Commercial Cases
■ Case 1:
– Full-size (min 85%) cleaning, no waste heat
■ Case 2:
– Full-size (min 85%) cleaning, waste heat as per Norcem Brevik
■ Case 3:
– Reduced-size cleaning, based on cost-optimal utilization of waste heat
as per Norcem Brevik. In this case the technology provider will decide
which capture ratio is cost-optimal
Mar 2015
Norcem CO2 capture project - Project Manager Liv Bjerge
Slide 6 -

7. Aker Solution | Results from Long Term Testing
■ Amine technology: Solvent S26
■ 6 months test program completed (May – Oct 2014)
■ Long term testing: 2700 test hours/ 300 t CO2 captured
■ Promising test results
■ More than 90 % capture rate
■ Energy consumption (RBD) in the range of 2,7-2,8 MJ/ kg CO2
■ Low degradation and consumption of amine
■ Low emissions of amines and degradation products detected
Norcem CO2 capture project - Project Manager Liv Bjerge
Slide 7 Mar 2015

8. Aker Solution | Commercial scale capture at Norcem
■ Feasibility Study:
– Capture incl. CO2 handling for transport (pipeline 100 bar)
■ Benchmark Study: Input to all 3 cases
■ What is identified (first estimates)?
– Process description, layout, equipment list, space requirement
– Energy consumption (incl. waste heat recovery)
– Utilities & consumables (Sea water, el-power, amine, caustic)
– Waste streams (DCC, reclaimer)
– CO2 avoided
– Life Cycle Costs; CAPEX, OPEX
■ Case 3
Mar 2015
Norcem CO2 capture project - Project Manager Liv Bjerge
Slide 8 -

9. RTI - Research Triangle Institute| Testing Phase I
Phase I (Apr – Jun 2014):
– Cyclic thermal-swing, absorption-
desorption process
– Sorbent material is based on a CO2-philic
poly-ethylene-imine, PEI
– Dual fluidized, moving-bed reactor design
– Bench-scale; flue gas capacity: 6-10 slpm
Results:
– 300 absorption/ regeneration cycles with
capture loading between 5-7 wt %
– Sorbent exhibited no critical failure in CO2
capture performance
– Presence of contaminants  reduce
performance  pre-treatment system
required
– First estimates of full-scale capture plants
(based on the 3 cases)
Mar 2015
Norcem CO2 capture project - Project Manager Liv Bjerge
Slide 9 -

10. RTI - Research Triangle Institute| Phase II
3-floor pilot:
– Flue Gas capacity: 500-1500 slpm
– Detail engineering on-going
Long term testing (2016):
– Investigating new sorbent materials
expected capture loading: 9-11 wt%
– Economic analysis of full scale capture
plant (3 cases) incl CO2 handling for
shipment (piping)
Mar 2015
Norcem CO2 capture project - Project Manager Liv Bjerge
Slide 10 -

11. DNV GL, NTNU & Yodfat Engineers | Membrane Technology
Phase I: May – Oct 2014:
– One stage membrane module
– Flat sheet polysulfon membranes with a
top layer of poly-vinyl-amine (PVAm)
– Feed flow: ~ 25 m3/h
Results:
– Pre-treatment system is required to
remove water and contaminants
– Good separation performance with
permeate purity of 70 % CO2
– First LCC estimates (Case 1 and 3)
available for commercial scale capture
using the membrane technology in Brevik
Project terminated after Phase I
– Design/ Concept Phase II module too
immature
Norcem CO2 capture project - Project Manager Liv Bjerge
Slide 11 Mar 2015

12. Alstom Power │Calcium-Looping
1 year study completed:
– Characterization of local materials
(limestones from Norway)
– Confirmation of sorbent performance
through pilot testing
Pilot testing at IFK (Stuttgart University)
– Sorbent reactivity, degradation over time
– Circulation pattern between reactors – close
material balance
Results:
– Limestone from Verdal highest reactivity
– Sorbent deactivated more quickly with
thermal cycles than expected
– Input from field testing used as input to
modelling of various full-scale integration
cases
Norcem CO2 capture project - Project Manager Liv Bjerge
Slide 12 Mar 2015

13. Status
Focus the coming months:
■ Evaluation of project results
– Based on field testing & input to benchmark study
■ Compare technologies and evaluation of commercial scale
perspective
■ Before summer 2015 Norcem will have much more knowledge
regarding the realism of industrial carbon capture; especially in
the cement industry
Mar 2015
Norcem CO2 capture project - Project Manager Liv Bjerge
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14. Further contribution towards CCS realization
■ Further testing at site using the MTU
– Long term testing (will achieve 5000 testing hours)
– Part of the Solvit R&D-project
– Optimize technical aspects and investigate new solvents
■ Concept Study:
– Identify most optimal integration of a 400 000 t CO2 capture amine plant
including CO2 handling for shipment in Brevik
– Best waste heat recovery (Norcem Brevik, capture plant/ compression train)
– Identify necessary re-constructions/ replacement of equipment
– Cost-estimate (Capture and further handling)
– Identify possible showstoppers/ possible risk elements
Mar 2015
Norcem CO2 capture project - Project Manager Liv Bjerge
Slide 14 -

15. Summary Norcem CO2 Capture Project
■ Important project to understand the realism of deployment of
carbon capture in the cement industry.
■ We have tested several technologies on REAL condition and the
technologies manages to capture the CO2 at expected level.
■ Our view is that Aker Solutions amine technology can be defined
as available technology.
■ Further step is to identify optimal integration of a commercial scale
capture plant including CO2 handling, based on Aker Solutions
amine technology, at site in Brevik.
■ We need a system for transport and storage/ reuse of the CO2
Mar 2015
Norcem CO2 capture project - Project Manager Liv Bjerge
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16. Thank you for your attention!
Mar 2015
Norcem CO2 capture project - Project Manager Liv Bjerge
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