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Basic Accident prevention and Occupational safety health ppt.pptx
1.
2. OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the session, the participants
should be able to:
1. Explain the basic principles and practice
of accident and disease prevention in the
workplace;
2. Express commitment in preventing the
occurrence and recurrence of accidents
and diseases within their organization.
3. I. Global and local updates
II. Brief overview on
- Industrial hygiene
- Safety basics
- Accident costs and consequences
- Safety principles in workplaces
OUTLINE:
4. Do you know that due to work
connected ailments or injuries
there is an average of
6,000 people who die everyday
equivalent to one every 15
seconds.
Source: ILO Data
5. 2.3 million deaths
per year including
651,000 deaths from
Hazardous substances
and 160 million work-
connected diseases each
year.
more
deadly
than
wars.
Source: ILO Data 2005
6. Source: The ILO Programme on Safety and Health at Work and the Environment
SafeWork
EME6%
FSE6%
India13%
China20%
MEC8%
LAC8%
SSA15%
OAI 24%
EstablishedMarketEconomies
India
OtherAsiaand Islands
LatinAmericaandthe Caribbean
FormerSocialistEconomies
China
Sub-SaharanAfrica
Middle-Eastern Crescent
Fatal occupational injuries- total: 355,000
G
lobal Estimates
(2005)
7. EMPLOYEES COMPENSATION COMISSION DATA
347,310 work-connected sickness,
injury, death claims (2000-2010) or
an average of 141,099 cases per
year, 386 per day
8. 39,587 work-connected injuries
and deaths in 2009:
17,713 with workdays lost
113 are fatal cases
BUREAU OF LOCAL EMPLOYMENT AND STATISTICS DATA (BLES)
Based on 5,126 samples of non-agricultural establishments with 20 or more
workers.
http://bles.dole.gov.ph/SURVEY%20RESULTS/2010%20Survey%20Result/2009-
2010%20BITS%20mainpage.html
11. Encourages a paradigm shift from
purely compensation to one where
prevention plays an important role
Entails active participation of both
employers and workers in achieving
the goals and objectives of WCP
Work Contingency Prevention Concept
12. Types of Preventions
1. Primary Prevention โ any intervention that
addresses a risk factor for an injury or
disease
2. Secondary Prevention โ refers to the
early detection of diseases and
interventions before symptoms appear
3. Tertiary prevention โ clinical management
of workers who are injured.
13. WhyShouldAccidents/ Injuries andIllnessbe
Prevented?
1. Needless destruction of life and health is
morally unjustified
2. Accidents, injuries and illnesses produce far
reaching social harm
3. Regulatory requirements for management to
provide a safe and healthful workplace.
14.
15. INDUSTRIAL HYGIENE isthe
science concernedwith the recognition,
evaluation andcontrol of workplace
environmental factors or hazards
that mayaffect the health, andsafetyof
the worker.
16. Hazards are defined asexistingor
potential conditions in the workplace
that bythemselvesor interacting with
other variablescanresult in death,
injuries, property damageandother
losses.
21. Chemical Hazards
Points to remember:
Chemicals are part of everyoneโs life.
There are about 5-7 million different
chemicals known in the world
For majority of chemicals in the
workplace, little or nothing is known
about their possible immediate or term
effects on health, yet workers are still
required to work with potentially toxic
substances
22. Worker in a small enterprise that
makes boxes, who sprays wood
with coal tar, a confirmed human
carcinogen, and other hazardous
substances, has daily dermal
exposure
Small-scale shoemaker, who applies glue using
fingers, has dermal exposure to the contents
of the glue
23. Spray painting on cars without the use of personal protective equipment
24. Toxic Property Part of body
affected
Time scale of
appearance
Effect Example
Irritant or
corrosive
Any but usually
the eyes, lungs
and skin
A few minutes
to several
days
Inflammation, burns
of exposed areas
Ammonia,
sulfuric acid,
caustic soda
Fibrogenic Generally lungs Years Gradual loss of lung
function leading to
disability and death
Asbestos,
bagasse
Allergic Lungs and skin Days to years Chronic asthma like
disease; industrial
dermatitis of skin
Toluene, amine
hardeners for
epoxy resins
Dermatitic Skin Days to years Inflamed, peeling of
skin
Strong acids,
alkalis,
detergents
Carcinogenic Skin, lungs,
bladder
10-40 years Cancer in affected
areas
Asbestos, certain
tars and oils
Poisonous Liver, brain,
kidney
A few minutes
to many years
Death of cells in vital
organs affected
Carbon tetra
chloride, carbon
monoxide
Asphyxiants Lungs Minutes Gases replace
normal oxygen
content or air
Carbon dioxide,
methane,
nitrogen
Table 1. Types of Toxic Effects Caused by Industrial Chemicals
25. Biological Hazards
A. Infectious Agents
- workers in hospitals
and laboratories
B. Non-infectious Agents
- viable organisms
-biogenic toxins
bacteria, molds and
toxins that affect
workers in cotton mill,
sewage and sludge
treatment , in silos
-biogenic allergens
workers in agriculture
Classificationof Hazards
36. Ergonomic Hazards
A. Physical Ergonomics
- working postures, materials handling, repetitive movements,
workplace layout
- work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD)
B. Cognitive Ergonomics
- mental workload , decision-making, skilled performance,
human-computer interaction
C. Organizational Ergonomics
- working time, communication, staff resource management, work design, team work,
participatory design, community ergonomics, cooperative work, new work
paradigms, virtual organizations, and quality management
Classificationof Hazards
44. Evaluation of Hazards
Workplace Inventory
Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)
โขPhysico-chemical properties
โขFire and explosion hazard data
โขReactivity
โขHealth Hazard data
- signs and symptoms
- exposure limits
- emergency and first aid
- safe handling: usage and
precaution
- prescribed control measure
45. Workplace Inventory
Equipment/ Machines/ Tools
โข Type
โข Use
โข Biomechanical aspects related to operation
of such devices (specifications/ limitations)
โข Physical condition (brand new/ refurbished)
โข Maintenance (schedules/ service life
replacement)
46. Workplace Inventory
Operation/ Production/ Service
Process details
โขProcess flow from raw materials to
finished product
โขIndividual steps in the process that may
have potential hazards involved
47. Workplace Inventory
Plant/ Factory/ Establishment
โข Design
โข Construction
โข Lay-out
โข Building materials
โข Sanitation and safety facilities
โข Existing hazard controls
50. Evaluationof Hazards
Determine the magnitude or extent
of identified workplace hazards
โข Quantity/ concentration levels
compared to permissible exposure
limits, TLVs)
โข Duration, location, timing of
hazards
โข Number of workers exposed
54. Management of Airborne
Contaminants
Use of local exhaust system
connected into a collection dust
to prevent the worker from being
exposed to harmful dust and
vapors.
Collection ducts connected
intoamain repository
59. Accident
Is an occurrence or event
UNEXPECTED
UNFORESEEN
UNPLANNED UNWANTED
that
โ interrupts or disrupts the normal and orderly
progress of any activity
โ Physical harm
โ Damage to property
โ Delay in operation
60. Vehicular Accidents
US accident statistics:
- 45% of all accidental deaths are workers
- 4.5% occur in the workplace
- 2.5% occur in non-vehicle work accidents
63. Accident Costs
INDIRECT COSTS
Medical Costs
Insurance Premiums
Employee Compensation
DIRECT COSTS
damaged or destroyed
equipment and materials
Order replacement parts,
materials or entire machines
Rent temporary replacement
machines/tools
Pay overtime wages
Absorb possible lost sales
Inspect/repair/remove/replace Hire and train new employee
Investigate accident
Complete written reports
File workersโ compensation or
insurance claims
Clean-up area
Repair damaged work areas
69. Some Signs/ indicators:
Safety signages
Fire extinguishers
Emergency exits
Personal protective equipment
Machine guards
First aid equipment
UNSAFE WORKING CONDITIONS
71. Unsafe Practices
โข
โข
โข
โข
โข
โข
โข
โข
โข
โข
โข
โข
โข Operating without authority or
permit
Failure to warn or secure
Operating at improper speed
Making safety devices inoperable
Using defective equipment
Using equipment improperly
Failure to use personal protective
equipment
Improper loading or placement
Improper lifting
Taking improper position
Servicing equipment in motion
Horseplay
Drinking or drugs
76. Poorly Designed Work Station
- Awkward reaching creating a possible tipping hazard
- No upper lumbar support on chair could lead to CTDโs
Ergonomics
Ergonomically Correct Work Station
77. 1.Unsafe lift. Blocked view and not using handrail.
2.Trash on stairs.
3. Foot protection. Employees must wear protective footwear when
heavy items may fall on the feet.
Safe Access Fire and Electrical Safety
82. An easy-to-move cart on
wheels to transport metal
scraps
ProperMaterialsHandlingandStorage
Use mechanical devices for
lifting, lowering and moving
heavy materials
84. 84
MachineGuards
- Guards should fit the danger
areas as closely as possible, but
should leave the operation easy
touse.
MachineGuards
- Fixed guards should be made of
strong material and provide
protection against flying
fragments.
87. 87
FirstAidMedicines/ Equipment
- Emergency medicines & equipment
of adequate quantity as determined
bythefirst-aiderorhealth personnel
ofthe enterprise
QualifiedFirst-Aider
- Must have completed a course/
training under PNRC or any
organization accredited by the
same
90. Accident COSTS MONEY
Safety SAVES MONEY
More workplace accidents that take place result to
higher company insurance premium
and
Higher company premiums means lower profit on
each product unit sold
91. Philosophy of Accident Prevention
โข Society as a whole has a moral responsibility to
prevent needless destruction of life and health,
particularly in the workplace
โข The employer is primarily responsible for
ensuring a safe, healthy work environment
โข Employees are held accountable for following
prescribed safety standards and guidelines
92. โข ThePhilippineConstitution,1987
โlabor shallbe entitled
toโฆhumaneconditionsof workโฆโ
PhilippineLabor
Code,1974
BookIV isdevoted to prevention
andcompensation of work-related
injuriesand illnesses
OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY
AND HEALTH STANDARDS
A set of specific
rules on OSH
LEGAL BASIS
93. Rules of the OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH
STANDARDS
1000 General Provisions
1010 Other Safety Rules
1020 Registration
1030 Training & Accreditation
1040 Health and Safety
Committee
1050 Notification & Keeping of
Records of Accidents/Illnesses
1060 Premises of
Establishments 1070
Environmental Control 1080
Personal Protective Equipment
1090 Hazardous
Materials 1100 Gas &
Electric Welding & Cutting
Operations 1120
Hazardous Work Processes 1140
Explosives 1150
Materials Handling & Storage
Engine
Guarding
Safety
Control
Fertilizers
Services
1160 Boiler
1170 Unfired Pressure Vessels
1180 Internal Combustion
1200 Machine
1210
Electrical Safety 1220
Elevators & Related Equipment
1230
Identification of Piping System
1240 Power Piping Lines
1410 Construction
1420 Logging
1940 Fire Protection &
1950 Pesticides &
1960 OH
1970 Fees
1980 Authority
1990 Final
of LGUs
Provisions
94.
95. To fulfill the SOCIAL
obligation
To fulfill the FISCAL obligation
To fulfill the LEGAL obligation
96. 96
People working
in a safe and
healthful workplace
areโฆ
Productive Competitive
Efficient
97. In Summary:
โข Millions of work-connected illness, injuries
and deaths worldwide each year
โข Common occupational hazards are chemical,
physical, biologic and ergonomic
โข Hazards are controlled thru engineering,
administrative and use of PPE
โข Accidents can be avoided, mindset change is
needed
โข Direct and indirect costs of accidents
โข Accidents are due to unsafe conditions and
unsafe practices
โข Management commit to safety in order to
fulfil its legal, fiscal and social obligation
