1. X-B

2. Delhi
Delhi officially the National Capital Territory of Delhi (NCT) is the
largest metropolis by area and thesecond-largest metropolis by
population in India. It is the eighth largest metropolis in the world
by population with 16.7 million inhabitants in the Territory at the
2011 Census. There are nearly 22.2 million residents in the
greater National Capital Region urban area (which also includes
the citiesNoida, Greater
Noida, Ghaziabad, Gurgaon and Faridabad along with other
smaller nearby towns). The name Delhi is often also used to
include urban areas near the NCT, as well as to refer to New Delhi,
the capital of India, which lies within the metropolis. Although
technically a federally administeredunion territory, the political
administration of the NCT of Delhi today more closely resembles
that of a state of India with its own legislature, high courtand an
executive council of ministers headed by a Chief Minister. New
Delhi, jointly administered by both the federal Government of
India and the localGovernment of Delhi, is also the capital of the
NCT of Delhi.

3. Geography of Delhi
 The National Capital Territory of Delhi is spread over an area of
1,484 km2 (573 sq mi), of which 783 km2 (302 sq mi) is designated
rural and 700 km2(270 sq mi) urban. Delhi has a maximum length of
51.9 km (32 mi) and the maximum width of 48.48 km (30 mi). There
are three local bodies (statutory towns) namely, Municipal Corporation
of Delhi (area is 1,397.3 km2 or 540 sq mi), New Delhi Municipal
Committee (42.7 km2 or 16 sq mi) and Delhi Cantonment Board (43
km2 or 17 sq mi).
 Delhi is an expansive area, in its extremity it spans from Narela in the
north to Ghitorni in the south. Najafgarh is the furthest point west and
Seemapuri is its eastern extremity. The NCR encompasses towns south
and east of the said
border, namely Ghaziabad, Noida, Faridabad and Gurgaon.
 Oddly, the main expanse of Delhi does not follow a specific
geographical feature. The main city area of Delhi does not end until
Arjangarh in the South, Anand Vihar in the east and Singhu in the north
and Nangloi in the west. The terrain of Delhi shows great variation. It
changes from plain agricultural fields in the north to dry, arid hills (an
offshoot of the Aravalli Hills of Rajasthan) in the south and west. There
used to be large natural lakes in the southern part of the city, but most
have now dried up. Most of Delhi, including New Delhi, is situated on
the western banks of the river Yamuna which separates the main city
from eastern suburbs, although there is a good connectivity between
the eastern and western sides, with a number of road and railway
bridges as well as the Delhi Metro.

4. Geography of Delhi
 Delhi is located at 28.61°N 77.23°E, and lies in northern India. It
borders the Indian states of Uttar Pradesh to the east
and Haryana on the north, west and south. During British Raj it
was adjacent to the province of Punjab and still historically and
culturally tied closely to the region of Punjab. Almost entirely
within the Gangetic plains, two prominent features of the
geography of Delhi are the Yamuna flood plains and the Delhi
ridge. The low-lying Yamuna flood plains provide fertile alluvial
soil suitable for agriculture but are prone to recurrent floods.
Reaching up to a height of 318 m (1,043 ft), the Delhi ridge forms
a dominating feature in this region. It originates from the Aravalli
Range in the south and encircles the west, northeast and
northwest parts of the city. Yamuna, a sacred river in Hinduism, is
the only major river flowing through Delhi. Another river called
the Hindon River separates Ghaziabad from the eastern part of
Delhi. Delhi falls under seismic zone-IV, making it vulnerable to
major earthquakes, but earthquakes have not been common in
recent history. Delhi has the third highest tree-cover among cities
in India.
 Delhi was one of the world's ten most polluted cities in the
1990s, with vehicles producing 70% of the polluting emissions. In
1996 the Centre for Science and Environment started a public
interest litigation in the Supreme Court of India that ordered the
conversion of Delhi's fleet of buses and taxis to be run
onCompressed Natural Gas and banned the use of leaded petrol in
1998. In 2003, Delhi won the United States Department of
Energy’s first ‘Clean Cities International Partner of the Year’
award for ‘‘bold efforts to curb air pollution and support
alternative fuel initiatives’’.

5. Geography of Delhi
Location of Delhi in India.
Coordinates: 28°36′36″N 77°13′48″E
Country India
Government
• Chief Minister Sheila Dikshit (INC)
• Lt. Governor Tejendra Khanna
Area
• Federal district 177.0 km2 (68.3 sq mi)
• Land 159.0 km2 (61.4 sq mi)
• Water 18.0 km2 (6.9 sq mi)
Elevation 0–125 m (0–409 ft)
Population (2011 estimate)
• Federal district 11,007,835
• Density 3,886/km2 (10,065/sq mi)
• Metro 16,314,838
• Demonym Delhite
Time zone EST (UTC-5)
• Summer (DST) EDT (UTC-4)
ZIP code(s) 20001-
20098 , 20201-20599
Area code(s) 202

6. History of Delhi
 Human habitation was probably present in and around
Delhi during the second millennium BC and before,
and continuous inhabitation has been evidenced since at
least the 6th century BC. The city is believed to be the site
of Indraprastha, legendary capital of the Pandavas in the
Indian epic Mahabharata. Settlements grew from the time
of the Mauryan Empire (c. 300 BCE).Remains of seven
major cities has been discovered in Delhi. Anang Pal of
the Tomara dynasty founded the city of Lal Kot in AD 736.

7. History of Delhi
 The Indian capital city of Delhi has a long history, including a history as
the capital of several empires. The earliest architectural relics date back
to theMaurya Period (c. 300 BC); since then, the site has seen
continuous settlement. In 1966, an inscription of the Mauryan
Emperor Ashoka (273-236 BC) was discovered near Srinivaspuri, which
is near Noida. Two sandstone pillars inscribed with the edicts of Ashoka
were brought to by Firuz Shah Tughluq in the 14th century. The
famous Iron pillar near the Qutub Minar was commissioned by the
emperor Kumara Gupta I of the Gupta dynasty (320-540) and
transplanted to Delhi during the 10th century. Eight major cities have
been situated in the Delhi area. The first five cities were in the southern
part of present-day Delhi.
 Though settlements have been dated to have been taking place in Delhi
for millenia, there is no record to stand by that claim. Delhi is generally
considered a close to 5000-year old city, as per Ancient Indian text The
Mahabharata, since the first ever mention of the city is found in this
religious scripture. Therefore, except the scripture, archaeological
evidences to book the city's Ancient history are as good as nought. As a
result, Delhi's Ancient history finds no records and this period may be
regarded as the lost period of its history. Extensive coverage of Delhi's
history begins with the onset of the Delhi Sultanate in the 12th century.
Since then, Delhi had been the seat of Islamic and British rulers
until India's independence in 1947. The core of Delhi's tangible heritage
is Islamic, spanning over 7 centuries of Islamic rule over the city, with
some British-styled architectures and zones in Lutyens' Delhidating to
the British rule in India. Whatever records exist of Delhi- in the form of
scriptures or archaeological evidences, they crown Delhi as the Capital
city of some empire or the other all through, with minor random breaks
in between, making Delhi one of the longest serving Capitals in the
world.

10. Tourism in Delhi
 Being one of the most historic capitals in the world, Delhi has many
tourist sites. This is a list of Delhi's tourist sites. In Old Delhi, there are
attractions like mosques, forts and other monuments that represent
India's history. The important places in Old Delhi include the majestic
Red Fort. New Delhi, on the other hand, is a modern city designed
by Edwin Lutyens and Herbert Baker. New Delhi houses many
government buildings and embassies, apart from places of historical
interest. The Qutub Minar, Red Fort and Humayun's Tomb are listed
as UNESCO World Heritage Sites.
 Delhi is the capital city of India. A fine blend of old and new, ancient
and modern, Delhi is a melting pot of cultures and religions. Delhi has
been the capital of numerous empires that ruled India, making it rich
in history. The rulers left behind their trademark architectural styles.
Delhi currently has many renowned historic monuments and landmarks
such as the Tughlaqabad fort, Qutub Minar, Purana Quila, Lodhi
Gardens, Jama Masjid, Humayun's tomb, Red Fort, andSafdarjung's
Tomb. Modern monuments include Jantar Mantar, India
Gate, Rashtrapati Bhavan, Laxminarayan Temple, Lotus
temple and Akshardham Temple.
 New Delhi is famous for its British colonial architecture, wide roads,
and tree-lined boulevards. Delhi is home to numerous political
landmarks, national museums, Islamic shrines, Hindu temples, green
parks, and trendy malls.

11. Tourism in Delhi
 Delhi is at par with any other city in the world. It can boast of a new
international airport and the new metro rail which is a convenient
mode of travel for the common man. The Delhi Metro is one of the
fastest ways to commute in Delhi and has transformed public transport
in the city so much so that the Metro line has become the life-line of
New Delhi. Recently a superfast airport express has been put in service
to connect the airport with the central part of New Delhi. The many
flyovers which have been constructed at whooping costs showcase
Delhi as a modern city. Pragati Maidan is another tourist destination. It
is a large area of land covered with pavilions which can house
exhibitions from other states as well as countries. It is a permanent
construction for International Trade Fairs. Delhi has a mix of the
traditional and modern. Where you might see the latest car on the
road, there might be a bullock cart alongside.It is a melting pot of all
kinds of people and a visit to this wonderful city is a must.

14. Development and

Infrastructure
Delhi Tourism and Transportation Development
Corporation (DTTDC) is an undertaking of the Government
of Delhi, India, that was established in December 1975 for
the purpose of promoting tourism and related services in
the city of Delhi. It has an authorized share capital of Rs.
10.00 crores and a paid up capital of Rs. 6.28 crores. It is
involved in several other activities, some of which do not
fall under the core activity of promotion of tourism, such as
the selling of liquor. This particular activity, however,
provides the corporation with revenue that can be utilized
in tourism or other related development activities for the
National Capital Region of Delhi.
 The Corporation constructs flyovers as part of the
development of infrastructure for easy commuting by
tourists in Delhi. The revenue for the construction of some
of the flyovers in Delhi has been generated from a share of
profit that the Corporation earns from the sale of Country
made Liquor (CL). The Corporation charges a flat rate of
profit, a margin of Rs.6 per bottle of country liquor, of
which a share of Rs.5/- has been fixed as a contribution
towards the construction of flyovers. The construction is
carried out by the Engineering Division of the Corporation.

16. Disaster management
 The State of Delhi has been prone to
disasters. Over the years these disasters
have caused extensive damage to life
and property and have adversely
impacted economic development. The
Government of NCT of Delhi (GoD)
recognized the need to have a proactive,
comprehensive and sustained approach
to disaster management to reduce the
detrimental effects of disasters on
overall socio-economic development of
the State.

19. DISASTER PREPAREDNESS
AND MITIGATION PLAN
 The State Plan for preparedness and mitigation attempts to protect the
lives and properties of the people of Delhi from potentially devastating
hazards by the implementation of an effective long term Delhi Disaster
Management Policy. The initiatives under this plan lay down certain
objectives and suggest definitive strategies leading to the achievement
of goals in a set time frame. The ultimate goal for the Government of
Delhi with respect to various hazards is to have prepared communities
in a way that when the hazards strike, there is little or no loss of life;
least number of injuries and the losses to property and infrastructure
are not critical.
 The State of Delhi has been prone to various disasters both natural as
well as manmade. The Government of NCT of Delhi recognized the need
to have a proactive, comprehensive and sustained approach to disaster
management to reduce the detrimental effects of disasters on overall
socio-economic development of the State. Further, on a day-to-day
basis, Delhi is at risk to numerous hazards, such as earthquake, flood,
bomb-blasts, other acts of terrorism, fires, industrial and nuclear,
biological & chemical hazards, flash floods, building collapses, road
accidents, water logging, etc.

20. Transport in Delhi
 Delhi has significant reliance on its transport
infrastructure. The city has developed a highly
efficient public transport system with the
introduction of the Delhi Metro, which is undergoing
a rapid modernization and expansion. There are 5.5
million registered vehicles in the city, which is the
highest in the world among all cities most of which
do not follow any pollution emission norm (within
municipal limits), while the Delhi metropolitan region
(NCR Delhi) has 11.2 million vehicles. Delhi and NCR
lose nearly 42 crores (420 million) man-hours every
month while commuting between home and office
through public transport, due to the traffic
congestion. Therefore serious efforts, including a
number of transport infrastructure projects, are
under way to encourage usage of public transport in
the city.

21. Transport in Delhi
 Road transport
 Buses
 Auto-Rickshaws
 Taxis
 Taxi and Auto Fare Calculator
 Cycle-Rickshaws
 Major Arteries
 inner Ring Road
 Outer Ring Road
 Expressways and Highways
 Rail transport
 Metro
 Ring Railway
 Inter-state transport
 Railway connectivity
 Road
 Highways
 Bus services
 Airports

24. Metro
 Rapid increase of population coupled with large-scale
immigration due to high economic growth has resulted in
ever increasing demand for better transport, putting
excessive pressure on the city's existent transport
infrastructure. Like many other cities in the developing
world, the city faces acute transport management problems
leading to air pollution, congestion and resultant loss of
productivity. In order to meet the transportation demand in
Delhi, the State and Union government started the
construction of an ambitious Mass Rapid Transit system,
known as Delhi Metro in 1998. The project started
commercial operations on December 24, 2002. It has set
many performance and efficiency standards ever since and
is continuously expanding at a very rapid pace. As of 2010,
the metro operates 5 lines with a total length of 190
km and 132 stations while several other lines are under
construction

25. Delhi Metro lines in operation
Name Number Terminals Length (km) Stations Rolling stock
Dilshad
Red 1 Garden – 25.09 21 23 trains
Rithala
Jahangirpuri –
Yellow 2 HUDA City 45 34 40 trains
Centre
Noida City
Centre –
3 Yamuna Bank – 47.40 42 43 trains
Dwarka Sector
9
Blue
4 Yamuna Bank – 6.25 5 4 trains
Anand Vihar
Green 5 Inderlok – 15.15 14 13 trains
Mundka
Violet line is also operational- from Badarpur to Central Secretariat

27. Economy
 With an estimated net State Domestic Product (FY 2010) of
Rs.157,817 Crores in nominal terms and ~Rs.630,000
Crores in PPP terms, Delhi is the largest commercial center
in northern India.In 2010, Delhi had a per capita income of
Rs.135,820 at current prices, the third highest in India
after Chandigarh and Goa as of 2010. Delhi's GDP (at
2004-05 prices), on an average, has registered an
astonishing 10.7% growth for the past five years, making it
one of the fastest emerging city in the region.
 The tertiary sector contributes 70.95% of Delhi's gross SDP
followed by secondary and primary sectors, with 25.20%
and 3.85% contribution, respectively. Delhi's workforce
constitutes 32.82% of the population showing an increase
of 52.52% between 1991 and 2001. Delhi's unemployment
rate decreased from 12.57% in 1999–2000 to 4.63% in
2003. In December 2004, 636,000 people were registered
with various employment exchange programmes in Delhi.

28. Economy
 In 2001 the total workforce in all government (union and state)
and quasi-government sector was 620,000. In comparison, the
organised private sector employed 219,000. Key service
industries include information technology, telecommunications,
hotels, banking, media and tourism. Delhi's manufacturing
industry has also grown considerably as many consumer goods
industries have established manufacturing units and headquarters
in and around Delhi. Delhi's large consumer market, coupled with
the easy availability of skilled labour, has attracted foreign
investment in Delhi. In 2001, the manufacturing sector employed
1,440,000 workers while the number of industrial units was
129,000.
 Construction, power, telecommunications, health and community
services, and real estate form integral parts of Delhi's economy.
Delhi has India's largest and one of the fastest growing retail
industries. As a result, land prices are booming and Delhi is
currently ranked the 7th most expensive office hotspot in the
world, with prices at $145.16 per square foot. As in the rest of
India, the fast growth of retail is expected to affect the traditional
unorganized retail trading system.

30. MCD Elections
 MCD Delhi Elections 2012 Schedule-:
 Here you will find every bit of details about the Delhi Election 2012
Schedule, Results, Winning Candidates and latest news on
Munciple Corporation of Delhi Police for 272 seats / wards.
 MCD Election 2012 Voting
 15-Apr-2012 (Sunday)
 Counting MCD Election Result 2012
 17-Apr-2012 (Tuesday)
 Responsibilities of the MCD-:
 - Maintenance of Roads neighborhood
 - Birth & Death Certificates
 - Devlopment & Maintenance of parks
 - Devlopment & Maintenance of community centers
 - MCD schools
 - Drainage & Garbage system maintenance
 - Street light maintenance
 - Child Programme immunisation
 - Medical facilities / health centers
 - Complete Devlopment of neighborhood

33. Social Science Project
 Made By – Tushar Goyal
 Class – 10 – B
 On behalf of the whole class.
 Thank You.