Taxonomies - A Foundation for more
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A brief introduction to taxonomies through ontologies for indexing given to the American Society of Indexers at their annual conference in Providence, RI on April 30, 2011.
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Taxonomies - A Foundation for more
- 1. Taxonomies - A Foundation for more Christine JM. Connors TriviumRLG LLC A presentation to the American Society of Indexers at their Annual Conference, April 29, 2011, Providence, RI
- 2. The Continuum Thesaurus Ambiguity Control Folksonomy Synonym Ring Synonym Control Hierarchical Relationships Personalized Labels Synonym Associative Relationships Control Scope Note (Equivalency) (BT, NT, RT, USE, SeeAlso) Less Complexity More Taxonomy Ontology List Ambiguity Control Ambiguity Control Ambiguity Synonym Control Synonym Control Control Hierarchical Relationships Hierarchical Relationships (BT, NT) Associative Relationships Classes Properties Localization Annotation Reasoning “NOT” See NISO Z39.19-2005
- 3. Ontology Thesaurus Taxonomy Power Synonym Ring List Folksonomy Complexity The Continuum We are building more complex and powerful data architectures; all types are available for use on the semantic web
- 4. NT England Britain BT NT NT BT BT Wales Great Britain NT NT BT Scotland BT United NT Northern Kingdom BT Ireland
- 5. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT flag NT BT Scotland BT United NT Northern Kingdom BT Ireland anthem God Save the Queen official language English capital legislature London Parliament
- 6. NT England Britain BT God and my right NT NT BT BT Wales motto Great Britain NT flag NT BT Scotland BT Royal United NT Northern Peculiar Kingdom BT Ireland anthem God Save the Queen official language English currency pound sterling capital legislature not London euro Parliament
- 7. OpenCyc Large ontology based on the Cyc Knowledge Base http://sw.opencyc.org/concept/Mx4rvViRhJwpEbGdrcN5Y29ycA
- 8. DBpedia A sizable ontology derived from data in Wikipedia
- 9. How would you index? ✤ http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-13217693 ✤ Aboutness vs. occurrence
- 10. Simile Exhibit - Flags http://simile-widgets.org/exhibit/examples/flags/flags.html
- 11. Capabilities ✤ Business development - market analysis, use cases ✤ Technical development - servers, apps, web ✤ Information architects ✤ Information scientists - define, organize, link ✤ User interface and interaction designers - user studies, structural design
- 12. Why do clients care? ✤ Reduce, reuse, recycle ✤ Use less storage space ✤ Purpose content for multiple delivery channels and services ✤ Mashup content ✤ Increase revenue and customer satisfaction ✤ Improved findability ✤ Brand management
- 13. Why do clients care? ✤ Reduce time to action ✤ More finely tuned analytical capabilities ✤ Competitive intelligence ✤ Reduce risk ✤ More granular legal and business models for more precise compliance certification ✤ Comply with regulations ✤ e.g. XBRL (adopting semantic capabilities)
- 14. Thank you Text Christine Connors TriviumRLG LLC cjmconnors@triviumrlg.com FOAF: http://triviumrlg.com/foaf.rdf Nick: CJMConnors on Twitter, LinkedIn, Slideshare
Editor's Notes
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- A list can be a pick list, an index, an authority file\nAmbiguity Control\nChristine Connors vs. Christine Conners :(\n\nList of food\nWe recently had a long holiday weekend, usually highlighted by barbecues, so let’s start with a list of food: hot dogs, hamburgers, buns, mustard, mayo, ketchup, onions, pickles, chips, salad, cookies, etc etc\n\n-----------\nA synonym ring is what we think Roget’s Thesaurus is.\nSynonym Control (Equivalence Relationships)\nKetchup or Catsup\n\n----------\nHierarchical Relationships\nIs A, Part of type relationships\nWhere would you put the poor tomato?\nTomato - vegetable? Fruit? Both? It’s part of ketchup, should it be linked to ketchup under condiments? \nMono-hierarchical vs. poly-hierarchical\n\n\n\n------------\nAssociative Relationships - See Also\nSalt and Pepper - Spice? Condiment? Or would it be helpful to tell the user who is looking at Spices to also review Condiments? (or, do it for them -- Steve Krug’s Don’t Make Me Thnk)\nSee NISO Z39.19-2005\nBT = Broader Term\n NT = Narrower Term\n RT = Related Term (“See also”)\n SN = Scope Note\n UF = Used For\n USE = “See” (Refers reader from variant term to vocabulary term.)\n------------\nGet to define your own relationship types!\nLocalization\nAnnotation\nReasoning\n“NOT”\n\nOntology 101 by Natalya Foy and Deb McGuinnes \nSemantic Web for the Workind Ontologist by Dean Allemang and James Hendler\n----------------------------\n\n\nThere is NO ONE RIGHT WAY to build any of these. They are an ART and a SCIENCE. The IA, UX, UI, etc - all human-computer interaction models for your system are important inputs to the design. \n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
- I can do my BT/NT stuff, but I can also create classes and properties that i need for my own application\n\nI can also say NO - this object is NOT part of a certain class or have a certain property. In this diagram, I could easily add a branch for the British Isles, define it as having England, Wales, Scotland, Northern Ireland, Ireland, the Isle of Man, the Channel Islands etc, but be able to state specifically that Ireland is not part of the United Kingdom, so as not to create confusion for a machine processing the concept base. The power of no.\n\nI an also now take this graph (presuming I’d encoded it properly) and link it to other graphs that define the UK if I choose.\n
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