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Repositioning prospective graduates for relevance in the emerging IT landscape
- 1. Repositioningprospectivegraduatesfor relevanceintheEmergingITLandscape Mr. Tokunbo Taiwo Principal Consultant/CEO Safe Sail Consulting Ltd. Town and Gown Seminar Department of Computer & Information Sciences Covenant University, Ota October 31 2016
- 2. • The current focus of schools • Emerging fields on the IT landscape • Features • Drivers • Challenges • Career opportunities • Skill requirements • The Gap • Bridging the gap
- 3. Current focus of our schools • A Federal University • Covenant University
- 4. Federal University • The Vision of the Department is to be a world-class Department of Computer Science & Engineering with the Mission of producing World-Class: • Graduates of Computer Science & Engineering • Teachers of Computer Science & Engineering • Researchers in Computer Science & Engineering and • ICT Infrastructure for Community Service.
- 5. Philosophyof the computersciencedepartment • The curriculum of the Computer Science emphasizes the art science, engineering and technology of computing and information systems. Students are made to enrol for core courses in Computer Science, Information Science, Electronic, Physics and Applied Mathematics. • The students are developed to meet the challenges of self-employment as professional software and hardware engineers, private and public employment involving the following. 1. computer hardware system studies, design, assembling, construction, operation and maintenance. 2. computer software system studies, prototyping, development, implementation, documentation and maintenance. 3. Data mining and warehousing 4. Principles and practice of Information Technology and computer Networking, in oil and manufacturing industries, banks business and finance houses, educational institutions and government ministries and parastatals
- 6. Objectives of the computerscience department • The objectives of the department are to: • provide and promote sound practical and theoretical training in computer hardware, software and application areas, that will make the students useful in both private and public sectors of the economy. • identify the basic problems of the society and find appropriate computer solutions to them. • develop and offer service courses in Computer Science and Information Technology to other Departments in the University • equip the students with the capacity for professional practice in Information Technology • develop the students for the purpose of self employment and job placements in the government and industry. • develop the students through sound academic and professional programmes as a basis for postgraduate studies.
- 7. Objectivesof CU Computer Scienceprogramme 1. To develop graduate with skills and knowledge needed to meet the requirements of a rapidly advancing and challenging field of ICT. 2. To produce graduates with IT skills and prepare them for the industry and global competitiveness. 3. To produce highly creative and innovative graduates that are competent enough to be self employed in the field of Information Technology and its allied disciplines, or in the least be immediately employable. 4. To develop human capital with emphasis on creating a knowledge-based society. 5. To develop manpower to pursue careers in a wide range of professions including software development, web design, and system administration, project management, and computational sciences, that would foster the attainment of the Vision 20:2020 and the Millennium Development Goals. 6. To provide a broad and balanced foundation in computer science knowledge and practical skills. 7. To provide students with knowledge and skills base for further studies in computer science or multi-disciplinary studies involving computer science.
- 8. Objectivesof CU MISprogramme 1. To develop graduates with skills and knowledge needed to meet the requirements of a rapidly advancing and challenging field of ICT and Management. 2. To produce graduates with IT, Management and Business skills and prepare them for the industry and global competitiveness. 3. To produce highly creative and innovative graduates that are competent enough to be self-employed in the field of Information Technology and Business and its allied disciplines or in the least be immediately employable. 4. To develop manpower to pursue careers in a wide range of professions including software development, web design, and system administration, project management, and information sciences, that would foster the attainment of the Vision 20:2020 and the Millennium Development Goals. 5. To provide a broad and balanced foundation in Information Systems and Management and practical skills that will enable them pursue higher degrees in Information Systems, Business and Management and or multi-disciplinary studies involving Information Systems. 6. To develop students with broad based knowledge in Information Systems and Business and Management that will apply the skills to all aspects of human endeavours.
- 10. https://www.datanami.com/2015/08/26/why-gartner-dropped-big-data-off-the-hype-curve/ Emerging fields on the IT landscape
- 11. http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/3412017 Emerging fields on the IT landscape
- 12. Emerging fields on the IT landscape https://techcrunch.com/2016/01/21/the-world-economic-forum-on-the-future-of-jobs/ DRIVERS OF EMLOYMENT TRENDS The 4th industrial revolution
- 13. Emerging fields on the IT landscape Mobile Applications Big Data Cloud Computing Internet of Things (IoT) Devops Cybersecurity Gaming Software Defined Networking (SDN) Network Functions Virtualisation (NFV)
- 15. • Nick D'Aloisio at the age of 16 sold an app he developed to Yahoo for US$30m in March 2013, making him one of the youngest self-made millionaires ever
- 18. http://mobileappstuff.blogspot.com.ng/2013/12/top-6-leading-mobile-app-development-platforms.html
- 20. A mobile application, most commonly referred to as an app, is a type of application software designed to run on a mobile device, such as a smartphone or tablet computer. Mobile applications frequently serve to provide users with similar services to those accessed on PCs. Apps are generally small, individual software units with limited function. This use of software has been popularized by Apple Inc. and its App Store, which sells thousands of applications for the iPhone, iPad and iPod Touch. A mobile application also may be known as an app, Web app, online app, iPhone app or smartphone app. https://www.techopedia.com/definition/2953/mobile-application-mobile-app
- 21. • https://gigaom.com/2010/04/12/mary-meeker-mobile-internet-will-soon-overtake-fixed-internet/ • embedded systems like carrier billing and iTunes allow real-time payment Easy-to-Use/Secure Payment Systems • most content and subscriptions carry sub-$5 price tagsSmall Price Tags • content exists in proprietary environments, difficult to get pirated content onto mobile devices Walled Gardens Reduce Piracy • carrier decks and iTunes store allow easy discovery and purchase Established Store Fronts • more important on mobiles than desktopsPersonalization Reasons users are more willing to pay for content on mobile devices than on desktops:
- 30. Native apps are specific to a given mobile platform (iOS or Android) using the development tools and language that the respective platform supports (e.g., Xcode and Objective-C with iOS, Eclipse and Java with Android). Native apps look and perform the best. HTML5 apps use standard web technologies—typically HTML5, JavaScript and CSS. This write-once-run-anywhere approach to mobile development creates cross-platform mobile applications that work on multiple devices. While developers can create sophisticated apps with HTML5 and JavaScript alone, some vital limitations remain at the time of this writing, specifically session management, secure offline storage, and access to native device functionality (camera, calendar, geolocation, etc.) Hybrid apps make it possible to embed HTML5 apps inside a thin native container, combining the best (and worst) elements of native and HTML5 apps. https://developer.salesforce.com/page/Native,_HTML5,_or_Hybrid:_Understandin g_Your_Mobile_Application_Development_Options
- 64. http://upxacademy.com/2016/05/30/beginners-guide-big-data/ The sexiest job of the 21st century according to the Harvard Business Review* *https://hbr.org/2012/10/data-scientist-the-sexiest-job-of-the-21st-century
- 65. Data Analyst Data Scientist Data Engineer • Essentially a junior data scientist. • Perfect place to start a career in data • Don’t have the mathematical or research background to invent new algorithms • Have a strong understanding of how to use existing tools to solve problems. • Requires more sophisticated skills to tackle a higher volume and velocity of data than data analyst. • Can do undirected research and tackle open- ended problems and questions. • Typically have advanced degrees in a quantitative field, like computer science, physics, statistics, or applied mathematics, • Have the knowledge to invent new algorithms to solve data problems. • • Their work can uncover new business opportunities or save the organization money by identifying hidden patterns in data. • Builds a robust, fault-tolerant data pipeline that cleans, transforms, and aggregates unorganized and messy data into databases or datasources. • Typically software engineers by trade. • Responsible for compiling and installing database systems, writing complex queries, scaling to multiple machines, and putting disaster recovery systems into place. • Lay the groundwork for a data analyst or data scientist to easily retrieve the needed data for their evaluations and experiments. http://blog.udacity.com/2014/12/data- analyst-vs-data-scientist-vs-data- engineer.html
- 66. Data Analyst Data Scientist Data Engineer • Need to have a baseline understanding of five core competencies: programming, statistics, machine learning, data munching, and data visualization. • Beyond technical skill, attention to detail and the ability to effectively present results are equally important to be successful as a data analyst. • Explores data from many different sources. • Use tools like Hadoop (the most widely used framework for distributed file system processing), Use programming languages like Python and R • Apply the practices of advanced math and statistics. Have deep knowledge of and expertise in: o Hadoop-based technologies like MapReduce, Hive, and Pig o SQL based technologies like PostgreSQL and MySQL o NoSQL technologies like Cassandra and MongoDB o Data warehousing solutions http://blog.udacity.com/2014/12/data-analyst- vs-data-scientist-vs-data-engineer.html
- 67. Data Analyst Data Scientist Data Engineer • Are given direction from more experienced data professionals in their organization. • They acquire, process, and summarize data • Are the ones managing the quality assurance of data scraping, regularly querying databases for stakeholder requests, and triaging data issues to come to timely resolutions. Package the data to provide digestible insights in narrative or visual form. • Data scientists essentially leverage data to solve business problems. They interpret, extrapolate from, and prescribe from data to deliver actionable recommendations. • While a data analyst summarizes the past; a data scientist strategizes for the future. • Data scientists could identify precisely how to optimize websites for better customer retention, how to market products for stronger customer lifecycle value, or how to fine- tune a delivery process for speed and minimal waste. • Data engineers do the behind- the-scenes work that enables data analysts and data scientists to do their jobs more effectively. • Responsible for making sure that data flows smoothly from source to destination so that it can be processed. http://blog.udacity.com/ 2014/12/data-analyst- vs-data-scientist-vs-data- engineer.html
- 72. Cloud Computing-keyenabling technologies https://www.nist.gov/itl/cloud-computing fast wide-area networks, powerful, inexpensive server computers high-performance virtualization for commodity hardware.
- 79. https://www.urbanpro.com/a/cloud-computing-future-scope • Cloud computing removes the requirement of a company to invest in storage hardware and servers.Cost savings • Since all the services will execute over the internet, a company does not have to bother about technical issues and other problems associated with physical storage and backup. A company can thus focus more on their core business. Focusing on the business • It delivers reliable performance irrespective to the geographical location of the user. Another key feature could be the automatic updating of services and applications. Performance • Cloud Computing offers optimum security which protects you against any unauthorized access, modification and loss of data.Security • Even if part of the cloud environment fails or stops working, the other resources continue to work until the problem is fixed.Flexibility
- 89. Cloud Computing Skills Requirements https://www.urbanpro.com/a/cloud-computing-future-scope • Knowledge of HTML, PaaS (Platform as a Service), Cloud Computing Basics like Virtualization technologies (like VMWare), OOPS and programming languages like Java, C++, .Net etc. Technical Skills • Knowledge of business case, online marketing strategies and financial terminologies like ROI (Return On Investment). Business and Financial Skills • Negotiating with the clients and having knowledge of risk analytics, service agreements and policies. Project Management • Having knowledge of database, data mining and ERP system (Enterprise Resource Planning). Data Integration and Analysis • Having knowledge of internet security, encryption, authorization and security protocols.Security
- 90. Scott Lowe in “Closing the Cloud Skills Gap – How we can prepare ourselves for a future where the cloud is even more pervasive” Risk Management - CRISC IT Service Management -ITIL, PCSM Project/Program Management – PMP, Prince2 Business-IT Alignment – COBIT5 Technical Skills in Cloud Implementation Software development basics (Devops) Linux Automation and orchestration tools Scripting tools –Powershell, Ruby, Perl, Python Configuration management tools – vCenter Orchestrator, vCAC, OpenStack Public Cloud services – Amazon Web Services, Windows Azure, vmware vCloud http://www.slideshare.net/lowescott/closing-the-cloud-skills-gap
- 93. “The Internet of Things (IoT) is a system of interrelated computing devices, mechanical and digital machines, objects, animals or people that are provided with unique identifiers and the ability to transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.” - Webopedia http://internetofthingsagenda.techtarget.com/definition/Internet-of-Things-IoT Get comprehensive graphic on IoT at http://www.postscapes.com/what-exactly-is-the-internet-of-things-infographic/
- 100. OperatingSystemsfordevelopmentIoT Contiki Website: http://www.contiki-os.org/ Contiki is an open source, highly portable, multi-tasking operating system for memory-efficient networked embedded systems and wireless sensor networks. Website: http://www.tinyos.net/ TinyOS is an embedded operating system written in the nesC programming language as a set of cooperating tasks and processes. Website: http://www.riot-os.org/ RIOT OS is an operating system for Internet of Things (IoT) devices. It is based on a microkernel and designed for: energy efficiency, hardware independent development, a high degree of modularity.
- 101. PlatformsfordevelopmentofIoT AMEE Platform Company: AMEE UK Website: http://www.amee.com/ Arkessa Platform Company: Arkessa Website: http://www.arkessa.com IPv4 to IPv6 IPv4 address won't be sufficient for these billions of device. IPv6 solves the scarcity of addresses.
- 103. http://www.techrepublic.com/article/16-tech-jobs-that-will-be-needed-for-the-future-of-smart-cities/
- 105. Conway's Law states: Organizations that design systems are constrained to produce designs which are copies of the communication structures of these organizations. https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/sei_blog/2014/11/devops-and-agile.html
- 108. • DevOps represents a change in IT culture, focusing on rapid IT service delivery through the adoption of agile, lean practices in the context of a system-oriented approach. • DevOps emphasizes people (and culture), and seeks to improve collaboration between operations and development teams. DevOps implementations utilize technology — especially automation tools that can leverage an increasingly programmable and dynamic infrastructure from a life cycle perspective. - Gartner http://www.gartner.com/it-glossary/devops/
- 109. Tangible Benefits • Improvements in early defect detection • Shorter Development Cycles – from requirements to production deployment • Increased velocity of change/improvement in the Application • Reduced deployment failures – With the availability of VMs for example, when there is a deployment to Production, it should not be the first time the release was deployed as if it were going to Production. Soft Benefits Essentially building a culture of performance and pride in what they own. • Teams take on more ownership of their applications/products • Teams that take ownership are always more productive and more creative • Less finger-pointing and more teamwork • Better/quicker problem solving • • http://cloudsmartz.com/devops-enabled-cloud-drives-paradigm-shift-to-it/
- 110. http://blog.spec-india.com/from-waterfall-to-agile-to-devops-a-cultural-and-technological-shift/
- 125. https://www.praetorian.com/blog/nist-cybersecurity-framework-vs-nist-special-publication-800-53
- 128. http://csrc.nist.gov/nice/documents/nicestratplan/nice-strategic- plan_sep2012.pdf • focuses on the general public to provide basic information to both individuals and organizations on how to better protect themselves in cyberspace. Goal 1 • focuses on students at every level to increase interest in cybersecurity classes while better preparing students to pursue careers in cybersecurity. Goal 2 • focuses on the current cybersecurity workforce including providers, suppliers, and architects of cybersecurity to make the Nation’s cybersecurity workforce the best in the world. Goal 3
- 129. Objective 2.1 Increase Exposure to Cybersecurity in PreK-12 education by Emphasizing Connect ions to Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathemat ics (STEM) Education and the Role of Mathematics and Computational Thinking in Cybersecurity Objective 2.2 Promote Interest in Computer Science and Cybersecurity by increasing the Diversity and Quantity of Course Offerings and Research Opportunities Strategies for objective 2.2 1. Increase the quantity and diversity of computer science courses in high schools 2. Increase the quantity and diversity of undergraduate and graduate cybersecurity curricula 3. Champion cybersecurity competitions 4. Advance excellence in cybersecurity research and development 5. Coordinate a learning network of virtual national cybersecurity laboratories http://csrc.nist.gov/nice/documents/nicestratplan/nice-strategic- plan_sep2012.pdf
- 130. Only one university offers Cybersecurity as a course in Nigeria Enough said!
- 132. 13 Major Reasons Why Nigerian Graduates Are Unemployable • Lack of employability skills Mr. Kenedy Brake, Former Kokodiagbene Youth leader and director, Brakin resources Source:www.vanguardngr.com/2014/09/99-todays-graduates-employable/ Sept 2014 • Failure of school curriculum to place emphasis on practical concepts of entreprenuership/ Too much emphasis on theoretical education than entreprenuership exposure Prof. Peter Okebukola, Former NUC Executive Secretary Source: www.punchng.com/news/why-nigerian-graduates-are-not-employable/Punch April 30,2014 • The quality and focus of training offered by the universities were not in tune with the needs of society Prof. Julius Okojie, Former NUC executive secretary Source: www.thebeat99.com/discussion/are-nigerian-graduates-employable-15-04-13 • Most of the programmes run in the universities are irrelevant Prof. Sola Fajana, V.C Ayo Babalola University, Source: Daily Independent October 2, 2013 http://nigerianuniversityscholarships.com/13-major-reasons-nigerian-graduates-unemployable-share/
- 133. Findings • Collaboration is discouraged in the classroom but embraced in the workplace • Canned problems vs real world disasters -students work on pre- packaged exercises Recommendations: • Building trust between the university and industry • Curriculum change is a concept that university understands and that industry can provide invaluable insight • Make Interdisciplinary Education (IE) teaching the norm by promoting incentives and faculty sabbaticals • In the classroom, allow students to make mistakes, encourage interns to provide feedback, provide a forum for recent graduates and invest in the right technology tools • In the workplace, provide student-centred internships and ongoing supervisor engagement “Overcoming the skills gap in Big Data Analytics” by Patricia Cotter Ed. D. (http://www.slideshare.net/trishcotter5/pcotter-research-presentation-v1-2)
- 134. “Over the past decade, research has emphasized the need for today’s young professionals to possess deep disciplinary knowledge along with a keen ability to communicate across social, cultural and economic boundaries. These “T-shaped professionals” are in high demand for their ability to innovate, build relationships, advance research and strengthen their organizations.” http://tsummit.org/t
- 135. http://tsummit.org/t
- 137. Soft Skills Effective Communication Effective Meetings Effective Leadership Presentation Skills Stress Management Time Management & Organisational Skills Transition & Change High Performance Team Building and Managing Conflict Resolution Problem Solving Strategies Dealing with difficult people Effective Listening
- 138. Effective Communication Communication at a workplace goes beyond e-mails and meetings. It requires new dimensions when one has to deal with people from different backgrounds, cultures, and language. Expertise is acquired slowly. However, feedback from mentors is one great way to help in honing these critical skills. Problem Solving A typical IT role demands problem-solving skills to enhance the existing solutions. Problem-solving is all about applying logic, and imagination to make sense of the situation and come up with an intelligent solution. You will need to adopt a mindset of learning as a continuous journey. Teamwork Teamwork is an essential skill not just for IT industry but for any. Any job requires the employee to coordinate with multiple people from several functions and varying geographies. Coordinating with different people, understanding from their perspective, and respecting them for the positive changes they bring to the company is an invaluable “team asset”. Self Improvement Your employer may make learning options and tools available to you, but the responsibility to use and learn at work will be only yours. Spending minimum 2 hours on the weekends to keep yourself up-to-date of technology trends will go a long way and benefit you. Time Management Skills You will be crowded with people, activities, e-mails, discussions, and a lot. But remembering your tasks, prioritizing them, and staying organized will benefit you in building your credibility as an efficient and reliable employee. http://www.universalhunt.com/articles/top-5-soft-skills-for-it-job-aspirants/10140
- 140. • Determine your area(s) of interest within the fields presented • I hope I have been able to stimulate your interest! • Acquire knowledge and skills online Visit https://www.onlinecoursereport.com/ • Cybrary • Edureka • Coursera • Google CS Education • You are on twitter and facebook, why are you not on • Job search sites (it’s not too early!) • Linkedin
- 141. Be social ! Be technical ! • NACOSS • Nigeria Computer Society (NCS) • Student Member • Student member is currently undergoing a course of study in computer science/ Computer Engineering/Information Technology or related course in a University or Polytechnic or other Institutions of Higher learning recognized by the Society. • Join local chapters of relevant associations • ISACA (Student and Young Professionals Groups are encouraged)
- 145. • Curriculum Revision • Educational institutions need to revise their curriculum • Partnership with the industry • Industry needs to view it as investment in probable workforce • Interswitch Skills Base (https://lms.skillbaseng.com/) • 3rd & Final Year Students, Entrepreneurs & Professionals in Financial Services • Final Year Students, Graduates & Professionals in Financial Services
- 146. Commendable strides of Covenant University that are bridging the gap • The 1st International Workshop on Pattern Discovery in Biology was organised and hosted by the department from 18th – 27th April 2005. • The department also organised and hosted International Conference on New Trends in the Mathematical and Computer Sciences with Application to Real World Problems from 19th – 23rd June 2006. • The 2nd International Workshop on Pattern Discovery in Biology was organised and hosted by the department from 6th – 11th July 2009. • The 1st International Conference and Workshop on Software Engineering and Intelligent Systems (Theme: Towards the Evolution of Smart Systems) was organised and hosted by the department from the 5th – 9th July 2010. • Yearly Computer training programme for the staff and students of two (2) schools within its community : • 1. Iganmode High School, Oju-ore, Ota. • 2. Iju Ibiye Grammar School, Iju, Ota. • Town & Gown Seminar Series Keep it up!
- 147. • IT Strategy Development • IT Audit • IT Risk Management • IT Security • IT Governance, Security, Risk and Compliance Training Information Technology Governance, Security, Risk and Compliance •Sales, Installation & maintenance of computer hardware, software and peripheral equipment •Disaster Recovery and Contingency Planning •Data Media Scrubbing/Degaussing/Disposal Services •PABX System Design and installation/Voice Logging •Surveillance Systems •End User training Information Technology & Telecommunications Management • Bespoke Software Development • Turnkey Software Development Software Development www.safesailconsult.com