Encode Club

1. STARK Validity Rollups:
The Ultimate Scaling Technology
Henri Lieutaud / Developer advocate
February 2022
1
@henrilieutaud | @starkwareltd

2. Blockchain Paradox
Bitcoin was launched in 2008, Ethereum in 2015.
Why so slow, compared to banks, credit cards, Alipay?

3. Trusted Party
(e.g., Banks)
=
Delegated
Accountability
Trust central party/auditor

4. Verify, Don’t Trust
Verify (all transactions), don’t trust
Blockchains
=
Inclusive
Accountability

5. Blockchains
=
Inclusive
Accountability
Sacrifice Privacy & Scalability
Verify (all transactions), don’t trust

6. How to Scale
With
Inclusive Accountability?

7. Verify (all transactions), don’t trust
Trust central party/auditor
Current State of Affairs

8. Verify (all transactions), don’t trust
Trust Big Computer
Current State of Affairs

9. Slow, inclusive
Fast, exclusive
Current State of Affairs
Trust Big Computer Verify (all transactions), don’t trust

10. Increase Scale (gas/block limit) Fraud Proof Rollups
(Arbitrum, Optimism)
Fast, exclusive
Trust Big Computer
Trust a few Big Computers
Fast, semi inclusive

11. Validity Proofs
(StarkNet, zkSync)
Big computer to generate proof
Expensive, semi inclusive (~mining) Fast, inclusive
Smol computer to verify proof
ZK-STARK
proof

12. 12
STATEMENT
X amount of computation was spent
looking for a solution
VERIFIER
Party checking proof
(Full nodes)
PROVER
Party producing proof
(The whole network, miners)
Proofs

13. *With respect to size of computation
13
Privacy (Zero Knowledge, ZK)
Prover’s private inputs are shielded
Scalability
Exponentially small verifier running time*
Nearly linear prover running time*
Prover verifier
v
π
ZK-STARK
Proofs
STATEMENT
X amount of computation was spent
looking for a solution
VERIFIER
Party checking proof
(Full nodes)
PROVER
Party producing proof
(The whole network, miners)

14. *With respect to size of computation
Privacy (Zero Knowledge, ZK)
Prover’s private inputs are shielded
Scalability
Exponentially small verifier running time*
Nearly linear prover running time*
Prover verifier
v
π
ZK-STARK
Proofs
Verify (all transactions), don’t trust

15. *With respect to size of computation
15
Privacy (Zero Knowledge, ZK)
Prover’s private inputs are shielded
Scalability
Exponentially small verifier running time*
Nearly linear prover running time*
Prover
Verify STARK proof, don’t trust
π, Statenew
ZK-STARK
v
v
v
v
v
v
π, Statenew
π, Statenew
π, Statenew
π, Statenew
π, Statenew
π, Statenew
ZK-STARK
Proofs

16. Two L2 Offerings
Largest L2 by TPS
(¼ Ethereum’s, on the rise)
16
@henrilieutaud | @starkwareltd

17. $160M
Funding (equity + EF grant)
60+
Team members
StarkWare
Products
StarkEx Scalability Engine
StarkNet STARK-Rollup
Mission
Bringing scalability & privacy to
a blockchain near you
Pedigree
Invented ZK-STARK, FRI, Cairo,
SHARP, Validium, Volition, ...
17
@henrilieutaud | @starkwareltd

18. $400B 100M $1.1B
18
Launched - June 2020
37M
NFTs Minted
Tx Settled
600K
NFT Mints/Proof
Total Value Locked
Cumulative Trading
@henrilieutaud | @starkwareltd
486
Gas/tx
As of February 16, 2022

19. Ethereum-style permissionless interaction with the network
Launched November 29, since then:
● StarkNet Developer Discord exploding:
○ 20K users, 3K joined last week
○ 2K weekly active users
● 20+ teams building dApps, including
○ 3 AMMs
○ Games, NFT projects
○ Voting, bridges, ... 19

20. L1<>L2
interaction
General
Computation
Decentralized, Permissionless Validity-Rollup,
Scalable & Secure Smart Contract L2 Network
Permissionless
Deployment and Txs
Composability
L1<>L2 Bridges
ERC20 Contracts Account Contracts
COMING
SOON
20

21. Two Full Nodes Solidity -> Cairo Compiler
(Warp)
By
Nethermind
Functional Language ->
Cairo Compiler
By
Daniel Kröni & Markus Knecht
Block Explorer
(Voyager)
By
Nethermind
Contract
Standardization
By
Open Zeppelin
21
@henrilieutaud | @starkwareltd
Erigon-Turbo Geth Equilibrium
(Pathfinder)
By
(Fermion)
By

22. Thanks!
January 2022
22
@henrilieutaud | @starkwareltd
Henri Lieutaud / Developer Advocate