2. What is Cognitivism?????
• Cognitivism can be defined as the study in psychology that focuses on
mental processes, including how people think perceive and learn, to
solve problems and direct their attention to one stimulus rather than
another.
• The Cognitive Learning Theory explains why the brain is the most incredible
network of information processing and interpretation in the body as we learn
things. This theory can be divided into two specific theories: the Social
Cognitive Theory (SCT), and the Cognitive Behavioral Theory (CBT).
3. Overview of the Theory!!!
Jean Piaget theory of cognitive development originated firstly
through his interested in animals, and how they were
equipped to cope with their environment and have the ability
to survive.
Piaget became intrigued with the reasons
children gave for their wrong answers on the
questions that required logical thinking. He
believed that these incorrect answers revealed
important differences between the thinking of
adults and children.
Piaget believed that all the stages of development were
the same for each child and that each one has to be
passed in sequence.
4. What other theorist say about the
Cognitivism?
According to Vygotsky (1978), much important
learning by the child occurs through social
interaction with a skillful tutor.
Vygotsky believes that young children are curious
and actively involved in their own learning and the
discovery and development of new
understandings. However, Vygotsky placed more
emphasis on social contributions to the process
of development, whereas Piaget emphasized
self-initiated discovery.
5. What other theorist say about
Cognitivism?
According to Vygotsky (1978), much important
learning by the child occurs through social
interaction with a skillful tutor.
Vygotsky believes that young children are curious
and actively involved in their own learning and the
discovery and development of new
understandings. However, Vygotsky placed more
emphasis on social contributions to the process
of development, whereas Piaget emphasized
self-initiated discovery.
6. Four Developmental Stages are described as:
The Sensorimotor Stage: from birth to age two.
The Preoperational Stage : from age two to age
seven.
The Concrete Operational Stage: from age seven
to eleven.
The Formal Operational Stage: from age eleven
to sixteen.
7. Sensori-motor Stage
From birth to age two .
The infant constructs an understanding of the
world by coordinating sensory experiences with
physical actions.
An infant progresses from reflexive instinctual
action at birth o the beginning of symbolic thought
to the end of the stage.
8. Preoperational Stage
From ages two –seven.
The child begins to represent the world with
words and images.
Their thinking ability increases where as they are
able to make logical responses with gestures.
At this stage the child play is categorized as
symbolic play and manipulating symbols.
9. Concrete Operational
From ages seven-eleven
At this stage a child starts to attach concepts to
concrete situations.
At this stage the child learns rules such as
conservation.
At this stage the child can also think logically
about objects and events.
10. Formal Operational Stage
From eleven to sixteen.
At this stage the adolescent can transcend the
concrete situation and think about the future.
Think abstractly, reason theoretically.
Not all people reach this stage
11. Examples of Cognitivism in the Classroom by
the Teacher
Teach students using representative pictures to
accommodate their level of learning.
Power points and movies can be shown relating
to the subject matter.
Teach students all types of learning, going
outside to do activities.
Show how to do activities and have students
follow.
12. References
Overview on jean piagets theory of cognitive development. (n.d.).
Retrieved February 10, 2015, from
http://www.ukessays.com/essays/psychology/overview-on-jean-piagets-
theory-of-cognitive-development-psychology
• Piaget's theory - Google Search. (n.d.). Retrieved February 10, 2015,
from https://www.google.com.jm
• “Cognitivism.” Cognitivism (2008) (n.d) Retrieved February 13, 2014
<http://www.learningtheories.com/cognitivism
Berk, Laura E. (2009). Child Development. 8th ed. United States of America:
Pearson Education, Inc.
Erikson E (1968), Identity, Youth, and Crisis, New York: Norton
Lawrence A. Tomei (2005) Taxanomy for the technology domain, pg 109.
Hinweis der Redaktion
In cognitive theory knowledge is used as a symbolic mental construct in the learner’s mind, ,learning is the means by which these symbolic representations are committed to memory (Taxanomy for the technology domain, Lawrence A. Tomei 2005)
Working under Dr T. Simon, who was one of the first inventers of the intelligence test, and analyzing the results of tests carried out on children, gave Piaget the motivation on finding out what views of the world and how their thinking changed as they got older.
During the sensorimotor stage infants use reflexes, such as sucking thumbs. Children cannot perceive the world through movement and their five senses.
Such play as pieces of paper being plates and a box being a table, checkers being snacks.