Ome201101 gsm bts312 hardware structure issue4.0

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Copyright © 2006 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
GSM BTS312
Hardware Structure

Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Know the functions and features of BTS

Master the BTS hardware structure

Master the signal processing of BTS

References
 BTS312 User Manual
 BTS3.0 User Manual

Contents
 Overview
 System Components
 Signal Processing
 Antenna and Feeder System

Location
MS: Mobile Station BTS: Base Transceiver Station
OMC: Operation and Maintenance Center
HLR: Home Location Register EIR: Equipment Identity Register
MSC: Mobile Switching Center VLR: Visitor Location Register SMC: Short Message Center
VM: Voice Mailbox
BSC: Base Station Controller
AUC: Authentication Center
PSTN
ISDN
PSPDN
Um Interface
BTS
BTS
BTS
BTS
OMC
HLR/AUC/EIR
BSC
MSC/VLR
SMC/VM
A Interface
MAP
M
AP
TUP,ISUP
MS
MS
MS

Features and Functions
 High integration and low power consumption
 15 radio carriers at the Abis sharing an E1 for transmission
(15:1)
 Support various transmission modes and complex
topologies,
 e.g. SDH, E1, microwave, satellite etc.
 1-minute fast startup

Features and Functions
 Support GSM900,DCS1800,EGSM and RGSM
 Support GSM PHASE 1 、 PHASE 2 and PHASE 2+
 Support GPRS and EDGE
 Support baseband hopping and RF hopping
 Support FR, HR, EFR and AMR
 Support A5/1 and A5/2 encryption/decryption

Hardware Structure
DATA_BUS/CONTROL_BUS/TIMING_BUS
External
control
External
alarm
E1
TMU
Opt. fiber
xDSL TEU
PMU
FH_BUS
CDU
PSU
TRX
TRX
TRX
Signal Processing UnitCommon Unit
CDU
CDU
antenna
antenna
antenna
Antenna Feeder Unit
TES

Cabinet and Boards
CDU: Combiner & Divider Unit
TRX: Transceiver
PMU: Power Monitoring Unit
TMU: Timing/Transmission &
Management Unit
PSU: Power Supply Unit
TDU: Time Distribution Unit
TES: Transmission Extension Power
Supply Unit
TEU: Transmission Extension Unit
FAN BOX
SWITCH BOX
FAN BOX
AIR BOX
AIR BOX
P
S
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P
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TDU

Contents
 Overview
 SystemComponents
 Antenna and Feeder System

Contents
2 System Componnents
2.1 Common Unit
2.2 Signal Processing Unit

TMU
 Functions of TMU

Provide E1 connection interface

Provide channel multiplexing and flexible networking modes

Provide Man-machine interface (MMI) and operation &
maintenance link

Provide centralized BTS clock

Provide alarm signal input ports

Structure of TMU
BSC
External synchronous clock
MMI (man-
machine
Interface)
Environment
monitors
BIU
OMU
MCK Standby MCK
Extended BIUDBUS
CBUS
TDU
TBUS
Standby
TMU
EAC

Indictors on TMU
Indicator
Name
Color Meaning Explanation Normal State
PWR Green Power
On: Normal
Off: Abnormal
On
RUN Green Running State
Flash(0.5Hz): Normal
On or Off: Abnormal
Flash
LI1,2,3,4 Green
E1
Transmission
On: Local Alarm
Flash: Remote Alarm
Off: Normal
Off
M/S Green
Master/Slave
indication
Slow flash(1HZ): Master
Quick flash(2Hz): Slave
Master Board:
Slow flash
Slave Board:
Quick flash
PLL Green
Phase
identification
indicator
On: Free oscillation
Quick flash(4Hz):
Catching
Slow flash(1Hz): Locked
Off: Abnormal
Slow flash
TMU
MMI
T13M
FCK
T2M
DBG
RST
PWR
M/S
RUN
LI1
LI2
LI3
LI4
PLL

TDU
 Functions of TDU

Provide clock channels in one synchronous cell

Provide alarming channels

Provide bus-control interfaces

Position of TDU

Cabinet-top Connectors
(1) Data bus
interface (DCF1)
(2) External alarm
interface (EAC1 and EAC2)
(3) 120 E1Ω
interface (TME1)
(4) Built-in optical
transmission E1 interface
(TRA1, TRA2, TRB1, and
TRB2)
(5) Storage battery
management signal
cable interface
(PWRC)
(6) Clockinterface (CKB1
and CKB2)
(7) Data bus interface
(DCF2)
(8) 75 E1 interface (TXandΩ
RX)
(9) External
synchronous clock
interface (SYNC)
(10) Grounding cable interface
forcombined cabinet
(SHELLGND)
(11) External power
cable interface
(12) Feeder input interface
(ANT)
(13) Cascading interface of CDU combined cabinet (CDU)

 When the supply input is 220VAC,the AC/DC
module is used.
When the supply input is +24VDC,neither
DC/DC nor AC/DC module is used.
 When the supply input is -48VDC,the DC/DC
module is used.
220VAC
-48VDC
+24VDC
Power Supply

Power Supply System
AC/DC
(DC/DC)
module
Monitoring
unit PMU
Anti-lightning
Power
distribution
EMI
filter
DC contacter
Battery group Fuse
220VAC IN
-48VDC IN
+
-
+24VDC IN
+
-
26VDC OUT
Load
…
EMI
filter
AC/DC
(DC/DC)
module
AC/DC
(DC/DC)
module
AC/DC
(DC/DC)
module
EMI
filter

PSU Configuration
mode
Capacity
(TRX)
Boards (PSU)
Boards
(PMU)
notes
24VDC 1 ~ 12 0 1
-48VDC 1 ~ 3 2 1
One PSU
for backup
4 ~ 6 3 1
7 ~ 9 4 1
10 ~ 12 5 1
220VAC 1 ~ 3 3 1
4 ~ 6 4 1
7 ~ 9 5 1
10 ~ 12 6 1

PMU structurePMU structure
PMU
AC/DC AC/DC AC/DC
AC power supply
Power monitoring
unit PMU
Fan
Fuse
Battery
Load
AC/DC

FMU
 Functions of FMU

Fan feeding

Fan revolution speed control

Alarm detection

+24V power supply input interface

TRX
 Functions of TRX

Baseband speech processing

Um and Abis interface signaling processing

Modulation and demodulation

RF signal amplification

PAU
TRX Module Structure
Transmitter
DBUS
TBUS
SCP CUI
Clockprocessing part
TBPU
DSP
FH_BUS
TDP
RCU
RPU
Receiver
Diversity
receiver
CBUS
TBPU:TRX Baseband signal Processing Unit RPU:RF signal Processing Unit
SCP: Signaling Processing Unit DSP: Digital Signal Processing Unit CUI: Carrier Unit Interface
TDP: Transmitter Driver and PLL Unit PAU: Power Amplifier Unit RCU: Receiving Unit
DBUS: Data Bus CBUS: Control Bus TBUS: Timing Bus FH_BUS: Frequency Hopping Bus

Output Power of TRX
 Normal: 40W(46dBm) or 60W(48dBm)
 PBU: 80W(49dBm)
 EDGE TRX: GMSK: 40W, 8PSK: 60W

Alarms of TRX
 Over standing wave alarm

When the standing wave ratio at the power amplifier output
port exceeds 1.5, it reports standing wave alarm to the
baseband unit
 Over-temperature alarm

When the temperature of the power amplifier exceeds 85℃,
the power amplifier unit reports the over-temperature alarm via
the baseband unit, and automatically turns off the power
amplifier

Indicators on TRX
Indicator
Name
Color Meaning Explanation
Normal
State
PWR Green Power
On: Normal
Off: Abnormal
On
RCP Green
SCP
Running
State
Flash(0.5Hz):
Normal
On or Off:
Abnormal
Flash
RDP Green
DSP
Running
State
Flash(0.5Hz):
Normal
On or Off:
Abnormal
Flash
FAIL Red
Alarm
Indicator
On: Alarm
Off: No alarm
Off
TX OUT
PWR
RCP
RDP
FAIL
RST
MMI
RXA IN
RXB IN
TRX

CDU
 Functions of CDU

Combine and filter transmitted signals

Filter ,amplify and distribute received signals

Provide power for the tower-top amplifier

Alarm detection

CDU Structure
Combiner
Divider
Divider
Duplexer
TX1
TX2
TX-COMB
TX-DUP
RX1
RX2
RX3
RX4
HL-out
RX6
RX7
RX8
RX5
HL-in
RXD-ANT
TX/RX-ANT
RXD-out
LNA
LNA Filter

Indicators on CDU
Indicator
Name
Color Meaning Explanation Normal
State
POWER Green Power
On: Normal
Off: Abnormal
On
VSWR1 Yellow
Standing
wave ratio
alarm
On: VSWR is greater
than 1.5 and
less than 2.5
Off: Normal
Off
VSWR2 Red
Standing
wave ratio
alarm
On: VSWR is greater
than 2.5
Off: Normal
Off
TTA Red
TTA
current
indication
On: TTA current out
of range
Off: Normal
Off
LNA Red
LNA
current
indication
On: LNA current out
of range
Off: Normal
Off

Rear Panel of CDU
MAIN: TTA power feeding selection knob of main receiving channel
DIVERSE: TTA power feeding selection knob of diversity receiving channel
FUSE :1.5A
Setting MAIN DIVERSE Unit
0 off off
1 100 65 mA
2 107 100 mA
3 205 205 mA
Correspondence between knob setting and current
strength of TTA
Note: MAIN is recommended to be set at 1(100mA),and
DIVERSE to be set at 2(100mA).Other modes of
setting are not recommended

Alarm Detection
 VSWR (Voltage Standing Wave Ratio) monitoring: CDU Monitors
the status of antenna system. When the detected standing wave
ratio exceeds the preset threshold (1.5 or 2.5), CDU will generate
corresponding alarms
 Low noise amplifier fault alarm: The signal is extracted from the
power supply current of the low noise amplifier. When the current
exceeds a certain level ,alarm signals are generated
 Tower-top amplifier alarm: When there is a tower-top amplifier on
service, the CDU monitors the status of tower-top amplifier by its
working current. If the current exceeds a certain level , alarm
signals are generated

EDU
 EDU indicators are the same as those of CDU
Divider
Duplexer
TX1
RX1
RX2
TX/RX-ANT1
Divider
DuplexerTX2
RX3
RX4
TX/RX-ANT2
LNA
LNA

SCU
 Four carriers are combined and output through 3dB bridges
and the insertion loss is 6.8dB
Tx_Comb
TX4
TX3
TX2
TX1
3dB
Bridge
3dB
Bridge
3dB
Bridge

Speech Processing
 BSC-(TDU)-TMU-DBUS-TRX-CDU-ANT-MS
DBUS
S
C
P
C
U
I
Clock process
TBPU
D
S
P
FH_BUS
TDP PAU
RCU
RPU
BSC BIU
OMU
EAC MCK TDU
CBUS
TBUS
C
D
U

OML Processing
 BSC-(TDU)-TMU-CBUS-TRX (or PMU,CDU)
DBUS
S
C
P
C
U
I
Clock process
TBPU
D
S
P
FH_BUS
TDP PAU
RCU
RPU
BSC BIU
OMU
EAC MCK TDU
CBUS
TBUS
C
D
U

RSL Processing
 BSC-(TDU)-TMU-DBUS-TRX
DBUS
S
C
P
C
U
I
Clock process
TBPU
D
S
P
FH_BUS
TDP PAU
RCU
RPU
BSC BIU
OMU
EAC MCK TDU
CBUS
TBUS
C
D
U

Clock Processing
 BSC (or External Clock) –(TDU)-TMU-TDU-TBUS-TRX
DBUS
S
C
P
C
U
I
Clock process
TBPU
D
S
P
FH_BUS
TDP PAU
RCU
RPU
BSC BIU
OMU
EAC MCK TDU
CBUS
TBUS
External synchronous clock

P S U
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C
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P S U
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M
P
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T
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T
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T
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R
T
P S U
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P
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P S U
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C
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M
P
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T
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¸ ±» ú¹ ñ Ö ÷» ú¹ ñ Ö ÷» ú¹ ñ ¸ ±» ú¹ ñ
Ö ÷¹ ñ× é ¸ ±¹ ñ× é
Extension cabinet Extension cabinet
Extension cabinet group
Basic cabinet Basic cabinet
Basic cabinet group
TBUS Connection
 Clock bus connection in a synchronous cell

Cabinet Extension Cabling
 Blue colored sockets installed with matching connectors are
for resistance termination
 There are E1 cables between basic cabinet group and
extension cabinet group
CKB1
CKB2DCF1 DCF2
CKB1
CKB2DCF1 DCF2
CKB1
CKB2DCF1 DCF2
CKB1
CKB2DCF1 DCF2
Extension Cabinet Basic Cabinet Basic Cabinet Extension Cabinet
Basic Cabinet Group Extension Cabinet Group
E1
External E1 Interface External E1 Interface

Contents
 Overview
 System Components
 Antenna and FeederSystem

Antenna and Feeder System
Antenna
TTA
Antenna
stand
Jumper between
antenna and TTA
Jumper between
TTA and feeder
Feeder
Lightening
arrester
Jumper between
lightening arrester
and cabinet
BTS312
cabinet
SWITCH BOX
FAN BOX
AIR BOX
P
S
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P
S
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P
S
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P
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M
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E
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T
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R
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T
R
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T
R
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T
R
X
C
D
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C
D
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TDU
FAN BOX
AIR BOX
P
S
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P
S
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P
S
U
P
S
U
P
S
U
P
S
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P
M
U
T
R
X
T
R
X
T
R
X
T
R
X

S1/1/1
TX OUT
RXA
RXB
DUP
1:4
1:4
TX/RX ANT
TX
RX
HL OUT
HL IN
COMB
TX COMB
TX DUP
RXD OUT
RXD ANT
(RXB)
(TX/RXA)

S2/2/2
TX OUT
RXA
RXB
DUP
1:4
1:4
TX/RX ANT
TX OUT
RXA
RXB
TX
RX
HL OUT
HL IN
COMB
TX COMB
TX DUP
RXD OUT
RXD ANT
(RXB)
(TX/RXA)

S4/4/4 2CDU
Tx/RxM_ANT1 RxD
CDU_1
Duplexer
Combiner Distributor Distributor
Tx/RxM_ANT2 RxD
CDU_2
Duplexer
Tx TRx0
RxM
RxD
Tx TRx1
RxM
RxD
Tx TRx2 RxM
RxD
Tx TRx2
RxM
RxD

S4/4/4 SCU+CDU
TX OUT
RXA
RXB
TX OUT
RXA
RXB
TX
COMB
TX COMB
TX OUT
RXA
RXB
DUP
1:4
1:4
TX/RX ANT
TX OUT
RXA
RXB
TX
RX
HL OUT
HL IN
COMB
TX COMB
TX DUP
RXD OUT
SCU
RXD ANT
(TX/RXB)
(RXA)
CDU

2CDU+SCU
Tx/RxM_ANT1 RxD
CDU_1
Duplexer
Tx/RxM_ANT2 RxD
CDU_2
Duplexer
TxTRx3
RxM
RxD
Distributor
Distributor Distributor
TxTRx4
RxM
RxD
TxTRx5
RxM
RxD
Tx TRx0
RxM
RxD
Tx TRx1
RxM
RxD
Tx TRx2
RxM
RxD
SCU

Lightning Arrester is used to
prevent the equipment from
being damaged by the
lightening current inducted by
the core line of the feeder
Feeder
Jumper
Lightning Arrester
Lightning Arrester

Types of Main Feeder
 7/8 inch

Cable loss=0.043dB/m
 5/4 inch

Cable loss=0.032dB/m
 1/2 inch jumper

Cable loss=0.11dB/m

Used between the antenna and the main feeder

Between the antenna and the tower-top amplifier

Between the cabinet and the lightning arrester

TTA (Optional)
 The tower-top amplifier is installed close to the receiving
antenna
 It can be used to increase the receiving sensibility of the
base station
 Consisting of:

Simplex TTA

Duplex TTA

Triplex TTA

TTA (Optional)
antenna
simplex TTA duplex TTA triplex TTA
Low noise amplifier
TX filter
bypassBias Tee
BTS
triplex TTA
DC
RX filterRX filter

Antenna Pattern
 The antenna pattern describes the radiating abilities of
antennas in all directions
360¡ ã
Omni Antenna Directional antenna
120¡ ã 90¡ ã 65¡ ã

Polarization
 Two main types of polarization

Vertical polarization

Horizontal polarization
 The types of antenna divided by
polarization

Single polarized antenna

VerticalpolarizationforGSM

Oneportforonefeeder

Dual polarized antenna

+45degreeand-45degree

Twoportsfortwofeeders

Summary
 Functions and features of BTS
 BTS hardware structure
 Signal processing of BTS
 Antenna and feeder system

Ome201101 gsm bts312 hardware structure issue4.0

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