Recommended
More Related Content
More from The Advanced Materials Show
More from The Advanced Materials Show (20)
Recently uploaded
Recently uploaded (20)
Richard white
- 1. SO WHAT HAVE WE MADE? A TESTING OVERVIEW Dr Richard White Principal Consultant - Materials 10th July 2019
- 2. Scope of talk − Why Analyse? − Accuracy and Precision − Stepwise approach to testing − What are the gaps?
- 3. Why analyse anything? − QA − QC − Compliance − Confirmation of raw material quality − Process Control − Intermediate step control − Fit for Purpose − Does what it says on the tin.
- 4. What are we going to measure? ProcessMaterials Performance Structure Raw Materials Chemistry Mineralogy Particle size Surface area Porosity Pore structure Bonding mechanism Mineralogy Surface layer structure Strength Aesthetics Toughness Thermal properties Inertness Monitor Milling Blending Thermal Cycle Intermediates Completion of reactions
- 5. How to complete the loop − Highlights the importance of Sampling and Analysis − A weak link could compromise the decision made and action taken. Material ActionDecisionDataSample Analyse
- 6. Sampling − Will the sample answer the question posed? − Is it representative? − Is it statistically representative? − Is it uniformly dispersed? − Has it been contaminated or altered?
- 7. Analysis − Will the sample answer the question posed? − Is it specific? − Is it sufficiently sensitive? − Will it measure in the appropriate range? − Will it work for the specific material concerned? − Do we know that it works? − Is it sufficiently accurate?
- 8. Precision and accuracy Bias − High Precision Low Accuracy.
- 9. Precision and accuracy − Low Precision High Accuracy.
- 10. Precision and accuracy − High Precision High Accuracy.
- 12. Areas of analysis and characterisation − Chemical Analysis − Mineralogical Analysis − Physical Properties − Microstructure − Performance properties.
- 13. Chemical analysis − Inorganic/Organic? − Major element - Minor element - Trace element − Is it bulk or leachable or extractable? − How fast does it need to be?
- 15. Chemical analysis - choice of technique XRF AAS ICP-OES ICP-MS IC Range of Elements Na - U Metals Metal ions Mass of ions Anions Range 0.05-100% 100 ppm to % ppm to % ppb to ppm 0.1 to 10% Form Powder Solution Solution Solution Solution Discrimination X-rays Light absorbance Light Emission Mass Time Overlaps Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
- 16. Chemical analysis - results Wt % A B C D E SiO2 35.21 30.34 17.59 41.12 14.35 TiO2 0.56 0.69 0.29 1.32 0.27 Al2O3 46.90 64.24 76.02 53.51 79.49 Fe2O3 0.41 0.52 0.21 0.66 0.30 CaO 0.22 0.13 0.15 0.22 0.17 MgO 0.97 1.90 0.19 1.00 0.15 K2O 1.99 1.11 1.17 1.49 1.14 Na2O 1.22 0.31 0.83 0.57 0.93 Mn3O4 0.01 0.04 3.39 0.01 2.90 ZrO2 12.53 0.31 <0.02 0.06 <0.02 Loss 0.17 0.17 0.03 0.06 0.03 Total 100.19 99.76 99.87 100.02 99.73
- 17. Mineralogical analysis - X-ray diffraction Unique fingerprint of mineral structures Quantification n λ = 2d sin θ
- 18. Corundum Al2O3 35.2 0.8 Quartz SiO2 51.2 10.0 Periclase MgO 13.6 Cordierite Al4Mg2Si5O18 100 Spinel MgAl2O4 48.0 Cristobalite SiO2 51.2 Forsterite Mg2SiO4 41.0 Mullite Al6Si2O13 49.0 Steatite Mg3Si4O12 40.8 Andalusite Al2SiO5 55.4 Tridymite SiO2 3.8 Minerology − Al2O3 35.2%, SiO2 51.2%, MgO 13.6%
- 19. Physical properties - particle size
- 20. Microstructural evaluation − Image of Surface − Topographic visualisation − Compositional variations − Elemental data from regions of interest − Morphology - size - structure - chemistry.
- 21. Microstructures
- 23. What tests to do? − Compliance or Regulatory Testing ✓ − Key performance tests for application ✓ − Or identify key influencing properties and measure − Or tight control of process and monitor all steps and intermediate points.
- 24. Your product – we now know that… − … the chemistry complies − … the correct mineralogy has formed − … the physical properties match − … the microstructure is appropriate − … It functions correctly − But? − Do we really understand the material? and what makes it work? − If something goes wrong can we recover? − Do we know how to improve it? − How good could it be?
- 25. Thank you Contact details T +44 (0)1782 764262 M +44 (0)7813 344103 E richard.white@lucideon.com W www.lucideon.com