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Interpretation of
Formation Pressure Data
Raw Data Table
(With Initial Fluid Interpretation)
Step 1: Plot the Data
• Pressure on the x-axis
• Subsea (vertical) depth
on the y-axis
Step 2: Initial Visual Interpretation
Initial Interpretation;
• 3 Fluids
• GOC near 10600 Ft SS
• OWC (FWL) near 10700 Ft SS
• Unknown fluid at 9626 Ft SS
– Not in pressure communication
w/ underlying reservoirs
?
Gas
Oil
Water
Step 3: Initial Quantitative Interpretation
Remarks;
• Gas gradient look realistic
• ?Oil gradient looks too low
• Exclude data from 9626 Ft SS
Gas
Oil
Step 4: Detailed Look at GOC
Remarks;
• Initial interpretation has oil zone
data points above the gas-oil
contact
Apparent GOC
Step 5: Revised Interpretation of Gas-Oil System
Remarks;
• Oil gradient (density) more realistic that
initial interpretation
Detail of Revised Interpretation
Remarks;
• Realistic oil gradient
But;
• Only 2 data points in ?oil column,
• Lowest data point at 10673.8 ft SS has
very low drawdown mobility (k/u). The
resultant apparent pressure and gradient
are therefore uncertain.
• Apparent gradient should be checked for
conformance with other field data
GOC 10645
Feasible – but high water gradient
Step 6: Check for Realistic Data
Remarks;
• Pressure gradient between bottom 2
points is not realistic – far too high
• A feasible but very high density water
gradient projects into the hydrocarbon
zone,
• This is not possible if the fluids are in
pressure communication
Step 7: Is the Interpretation Realistic
• Are the fluid pressure gradients realistic and consistent with the
interpreted fluid
• Utilize offset well and regional fluid pressure gradient data
• Be prepared to eliminate data from the interpretation;
− Remove data points with low drawdown mobility to improve
consistency of interpretation,
− Eliminate data if there is an apparent pressure discontinuity (data at
9626 ft SS, for example)
• Sometimes data cannot be used to determine fluid contacts. For
example, the gradient in the assumed water zone is unrealistic. Also, a
realistic water gradient plots into a known hydrocarbon zone.
• Be prepared to change the interpretation as more data becomes available.
For our example no wireline log data or fluid sample data was available.
Table for Fluid Pressure Gradient Conversion

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MDT_Interpretation.ppt

  • 2. Raw Data Table (With Initial Fluid Interpretation)
  • 3. Step 1: Plot the Data • Pressure on the x-axis • Subsea (vertical) depth on the y-axis
  • 4. Step 2: Initial Visual Interpretation Initial Interpretation; • 3 Fluids • GOC near 10600 Ft SS • OWC (FWL) near 10700 Ft SS • Unknown fluid at 9626 Ft SS – Not in pressure communication w/ underlying reservoirs ? Gas Oil Water
  • 5. Step 3: Initial Quantitative Interpretation Remarks; • Gas gradient look realistic • ?Oil gradient looks too low • Exclude data from 9626 Ft SS Gas Oil
  • 6. Step 4: Detailed Look at GOC Remarks; • Initial interpretation has oil zone data points above the gas-oil contact Apparent GOC
  • 7. Step 5: Revised Interpretation of Gas-Oil System Remarks; • Oil gradient (density) more realistic that initial interpretation
  • 8. Detail of Revised Interpretation Remarks; • Realistic oil gradient But; • Only 2 data points in ?oil column, • Lowest data point at 10673.8 ft SS has very low drawdown mobility (k/u). The resultant apparent pressure and gradient are therefore uncertain. • Apparent gradient should be checked for conformance with other field data GOC 10645
  • 9. Feasible – but high water gradient Step 6: Check for Realistic Data Remarks; • Pressure gradient between bottom 2 points is not realistic – far too high • A feasible but very high density water gradient projects into the hydrocarbon zone, • This is not possible if the fluids are in pressure communication
  • 10. Step 7: Is the Interpretation Realistic • Are the fluid pressure gradients realistic and consistent with the interpreted fluid • Utilize offset well and regional fluid pressure gradient data • Be prepared to eliminate data from the interpretation; − Remove data points with low drawdown mobility to improve consistency of interpretation, − Eliminate data if there is an apparent pressure discontinuity (data at 9626 ft SS, for example) • Sometimes data cannot be used to determine fluid contacts. For example, the gradient in the assumed water zone is unrealistic. Also, a realistic water gradient plots into a known hydrocarbon zone. • Be prepared to change the interpretation as more data becomes available. For our example no wireline log data or fluid sample data was available.
  • 11. Table for Fluid Pressure Gradient Conversion