1. 1
Guided By – Tejas Sir 9921586168
xksaMokuk fo|kfiBkP;k vH;klØekuqlkj
ch-dkWe ifgY;k flesLVj dfjrk
O;oLFkkiukph
ewyrRos
(Principles of Management)
Theory Short Notes……
- Guided By -
Tejas Y. Gaydhane
M.com., M.phil., M.A.(Eco.), G.D.C.&A., SET(In Commerce)

2. 2
Guided By – Tejas Sir 9921586168
O;oLFkki.kkph ewyrRos (Principles of Management)
Sem. 1st
Unit 1 - O;oLFkki.kkps Lo:i (Nature of Management)
 O;oLFkki.kkph ladYiuk vkf.k O;k[;k
1½ fdEckWy ;kaP;k ers & ^^vkS|kssfxd midzeke/;s mi;ksxkr ;s.kkÚ;k lkeqxzhps vkf.k
O;Drhps fu;a=.k dj.;kdfjrk vkfFkZd fl/nkarkpk voyac dj.;kP;k fdz;syk O;oLFkki.k
Eg.kkos-**
2½ Jh ‘kqYts ;kaP;k ers & ^^O;oLFkki.k fg ,d ‘kDrh vlqu rh iwoZfu/kkZfjr mfn”Vs
lk/; dj.;klkBh laiw.kZ la?kVusps usr`Ro] ekxZn’kZu vkf.k lapkyu djrs-**
3½ Jh LVWuys OgkUl ;kaP;k ers & iwoZfu/kkZfjr mfn”V;kaP;k iwrZrslkBh fu.kZ; ?ks.;kph
rlsp midzekr dke dj.kkÚ;k O;DrhaP;k gkypkyhoj fu;a=.k Bso.;kph fdz;k Eg.ktsp
O;oLFkki.k gks;-
4½ ^^iwoZfu/kkZfjr mfn~n”V;s lk/; dj.;klkBh dj.;kr ;s.kkÚ;k fdz;kauk O;oLFkki.k vls
Eg.krkr**
O;oLFkki.kkps Lo:Ik @oSf’k”V;s
1½ iwoZfu/kkZfjr mfn~n”V;s
2½ uQk defo.ks gs varhe lk/;
3½ fu;kstu
4½ lalk/kukaps ,df=dj.k
5½ vusd izfdz;kapk leqg
6½ brjkadMwu dk;Z djowu ?ks.ks-
7½ vf/kdkjkalkscr tckcnkjh
8½ dasnzhd`r O;oLFkk
9½ usr`Ro gs O;oLFkki.kkps dsanzfcanw

3. 3
Guided By – Tejas Sir 9921586168
 O;oLFkki.kkps mn~ns’k fdaok gsrw
1½ mRiknukps mfn~n”V xkB.ks
2½ mRiknu ?kVdkaps lqlw=hdj.k dj.ks
3½ rhoz Li/kZsyk rksaM ns.ks-
4½ uouohu ra=kpk voyac dj.ks
5½ ns’kkrhy lk/ku laiRrhpk iqjsiqj mi;ksx dj.ks-
6½ yksdkaP;k thouekukr ok< dj.ks
7½ JfedkadMwu dke djowu ?ks.ks-
8½ Hkfo”;dkfyu vkOgkukauk rksaM ns.ks-
9½ ldkjkRed ifjoRkZu dj.ks
10½ midzekpk fodkl lk/kus
O;oLFkki.kkph O;kIrh (Scope of Management)
1½ lkexzhps O;OkLFkki.k (Material Management )
2½ foRr O;OkLFkki.k (Financial Management )
3½ euq”;cGkps O;oLFkki.k (Personnel Management )
4½ mRiknu O;OkLFkki.k (Production Management )
5½ vkS|ksfxd ekul’kkL= (Industrial psychology)
6½ fodzhps O;OkLFkki.k (Sales Management )
7½ dk;kZy;kps O;OkLFkki.k (Office Management )
 O;oLFkki.kkps egRo (Importance of Mangagement)
1½ vkS|ksfxd dzkarhuarj HkkaMoykps egRo deh gksÅu O;oLFkki.kkps egRo ok<ys-
2½ O;olk;kps thounk;h jDr
3½ O;oLFkki.kkP;k dk;Z{kersoj O;olk;kps ;’k

4. 4
Guided By – Tejas Sir 9921586168
4½ mRiknu izfdz;k iq.kZRokl us.;kl vko’;d
5½ O;olk;kps vfLrRo
6½ eanhyk rksaM ns.;kph {kerk
7½ Li/ksZr fVdwu jkg.;kph {kerk
8½ lektkP;k lokZafx.k izxrhpk vk/kkj
9½ fodklkP;k izfdz;sr egRoiw.kZ Hkqfedk
10½ yksdkaP;k thouekukpk vk/kkj
 O;oLFkki.kkps dk;Zs (Functions of Mangagement)
1½ ;kstuk vk[k.ks fdaok fu;kstu dj.ks-(Planning)
2½ la?kVu (Organisation)
3½ deZpkjh fu;qDrh (Staffing)
4½ funsZ’ku (Direction)
5½ vfHkizsj.k (Motivation)
6½ usr`Ro (Leadership)
7½ lans’kogu (Communication)
8½ fu.kZ; izfdz;k (Decision Making)
9½ fu;a=.k (Control)
10½ leUo; (Co-ordination)
 O;oLFkki.k ,d dyk vkgs dk; (Management as an Art?)
O;oLFkki.k ,d dyk vkgs fdaok ukgh rs Bjfo.;klkBh lokZr vxksnj dyk Eg.kts
dk; rs vH;klkos ykxsy-
dyk Eg.kts dk;
^^fof’k”V mfn~n”V iw.kZ dj.;kdfjrk r;kj dj.;kr vkysY;k fu;ekapk lap Eg.kts dyk
gks;-**-------¼ykMZ fdUlP;k ers½

5. 5
Guided By – Tejas Sir 9921586168
^^’kkL=h; foospukoj vk/kkjysY;k fu;ekapk fof’k”V mn~ns’k lk/; dj.;klkBh dkS’kY;kapk
mi;ksx d:u tsOgk ;’k feGfoys tkrs] rsOgk R;k iz;Rukauk dyk vls Eg.krkr-**
dyk vkf.k O;oLFkki.k ;krhy leku xq.k/keZ@oSf’k”V;s&
O;oLFkki.k dyk vkgs dk; ;k iz’ukps mRrj ‘kks/k.;klkBh dyk o
O;oLFkki.kkrhy lkE;rkapk ‘kks/k ?;kos ykxsy- rs eqn~ns [kkyhyizek.ks
1½ ‘kkL=ksDr Kku
2½ izR;{k fdz;k
3½ mfn~n”ViqrhZ gsp gsrq
4½ fl/nkUr] izes; fdaok fu;ekapk okij
5½ ‘kkL=kyk dysph xjt
6½ dysyk ‘kkL=kph xjt
Okfjy loZ eqn~n;kao:u y{kkr ;srs dh] dyk o O;oLFkki.kkP;k oSf’k”V;kae/;s
cÚ;kp izek.kkr lk/;E; vkgs rlsp rs ,desdkaoj voyacwu lq/nk vkgsr- dyk o
O;OkLFkki.k ,desdkar lekfo”B vkgsr R;keqGsp R;kaP;kr izHkkohi.kk fuekZ.k gksr vlrks-
;ko:u vls Eg.krk ;sbZy dh] O;oLFkki.k ,d dyk vkgs-
 O;oLFkki.k ,d ‘kkL= vkgs dk; (Management as an Science?)
O;oLFkki.k ,d ‘kkL= vkgs fdaok ukgh gs ikg.;kdfjrk ‘kkL= Eg.kts dk; o ‘kkL=kP;k
loZ dlksV~;kae/;s mrjrks fdaok ukgh rs ikg.ks vko’;d vkgs rsOgkp O;oLFkki.k ,d
‘kkL= vkgs fdaok ukgh gs vki.k lkaxq ‘kdrks-
‘kkL= Eg.kts dk;
1½ ^^O;oLFkkc/n Kku leqPp;kyk ‘kkL= vls Eg.krkr-**
2½ ^^dkj.k o ifj.kke ;ke/khy ijLij lac/k fo”kn d:u oLrqfLFkrhps okLrfod n’kZu
?kMfo.;kP;k fdz;syk ‘kkL= vls Eg.krkr**
fparu] la’kks/ku] fufj{k.k o iz;ksxkP;k lkgk;kus ekaM.;kr vkysY;k o ekU;rk
ikoysY;k rRokaP;k vk/kkjkoj dkgh fl/nkarkps fdaok izes;kps izfriknu dj.;kps dk;Z
‘kkL= dfjr vlrs-

6. 6
Guided By – Tejas Sir 9921586168
‘kkL=kP;k dlksV~;k o O;oLFkki.k
1½ fof’k”V Kku
2½ O;oLFkkc/n Kku
3½ dkj.k o ifj.kke ;krhy ijLij lac/k fo’kn dj.ks
4½ la’kks/kus
5½ iz;ksx o fujh{k.ks
6½ ekU;rkizkIr rRos@fl/nkar@izes;
Okfjy loZ ‘kkL=kP;k dlksV~;k O;oLFkki.k iw.kZ dfjr vlY;keqGs O;oLFkki.kkyk
‘kkL= Eg.krk ;sbZy-
 O;oLFkki.k & ,d is’kk (Management : A Profession)
O;oLFkki.k ,d is’kk B: ‘kdrks dk ;k iz’ukps mRrj ns.;kdjhrk loZ izFke is’kk
d’kkyk Eg.krkr rs letwu ?ks.ks vko’;d Bjrs-
is’kk Eg.kts dk;
^^miftohdk pkyfo.;klkBh mRiUu feGfo.;kP;k gsrqus O;Drhus dsysY;k izR;sd
O;ogkjkyk is’kk vls Eg.krkr-**
Iks’kkps fud”k &
1½ mPp Kkukph miyC/krk
2½ Kkukpk izR;{k mi;ksx
3½ lkekftd tckcnkjhph tkf.ko dsusFk vWUM~;wt ;kauh ekaMysys fud”k
4½ Lofu;a=.k
5½ lkeqnkf;di.ks dsys tk.kkjs dk;Z
O;oLFkki.kkps is’kk Eg.kqu ewY;eki.k &
1½ mPp Kkukph miyC/krk
2½ izf’k{k.k o vuqHko feGfo.;kP;k i/nrh

7. 7
Guided By – Tejas Sir 9921586168
3½ izkfrfuf/kd Lo:ikP;k la?kVusps vfLrRo
4½ uSfrd vkn’kZ
5½ ;ksX; ekscnyk
Okfjy loZ fud”kkapk ewY;eki.k djrk O;oLFkki.k gs is’kk Bjrs-
 O;olk;kph lkekftd tckcnkjh (Management as Social System)
ladYiuk & izk- czkÅu ;kaP;k ers &
^^ lektkph mfn~n”V;s vkf.k lektke/khy ewY;s lqjf{kr o laof/kZr dj.;kP;k
n`f”Vus ;ksX; Bjrhy v’kh /kksj.ks vk[k.;kps fu.kZ; ?ks.;kps o R;kuqlkj izR;{k O;ogkj
dj.;kps Lohd`r nkf;Ro Eg.ktsp O;oLkk;kph tckcnkjh gks;-**
^^O;olk;kr xqarysY;k izR;sd O;Drhus LorkP;k O;Drhxr fgrlac/kkph tksikluk dfjr
vlrkaukp brjkaps vf/kdkj o dk;ns’khj fgrlac/k ;kauk uqdlku iksgp.kkj ukgh g~;k
n`f”Vus O;ogkj dj.;kps fLodkjysys nkf;Ro Eg.kts O;olk;kph lkekftd tckcnkjh gks;-
Lkektkrhy fofHkUu ?kVd o O;olk;kph R;kaP;k izrh vlysyh tckcnkjh
v½ Hkkx/kkÚ;kaP;k izrh vlysyh tckcnkjh %
1½ Hkkx/kkjdkaP;k fgrkps laj{k.k dj.ks
2½ uQk feGfo.;kpk uSfrd vf/kdkjkps j{k.k dj.ks
3½ Hkkxcktkjkrhy Hkkxkaph fdaer ?klj.kkj ukgh ;kph n{krk ?ks.ks
4½ daiuh dk;n~;krhy loZ vf/kdkjakpas j{k.k dj.ks-
5½ vokLro tksf[ke VkG.ks-
6½ fu;fer ykHkka’k feGsy ;kph n{krk ?ks.ks-
c½ dkexkjkaP;k izfr vl.kkjh tckcnkjh %
1½ ;ksX; etqjh nj
2½ lks;h o lqfo/kk
3½ vkfFkZd o vkfFkZdsRrj izsj.kkaps vk;kstu

8. 8
Guided By – Tejas Sir 9921586168
4½ rØkj fuokj.k ;a=.kk
5½ O;oLFkki.kkr lgHkkx
6½ izf’k{k.k dk;ZØekaps vk;kstu
7½ lkekftd lqjf{krrsP;k O;kid ;kstukaps vk;kstu
d½ xzkgdkaP;k izrh vl.kkjh tckcnkjh %
1½ oLrq o lsokapk ntkZ mPp xq.koRrspk Bso.ks-
2½ lq;ksX; fdaer vkdkj.ks-
3½ vuko’;d e/;LFkkaps mPNkVu dj.ks
4½ fdaer ikrGh fLFkj Bso.ks
5½ oke ekxkZpk okij VkG.ks ¼HkslG] d`=he rqVoMk] dkGkcktkj b-½
M½ lkodkj] lkexzhpk iqjoBk dj.kkjs fodzsrs o brjkaP;k izrh vl.kkjh tckcnkjh %
1½ O;kt o dtkZP;k eqG jdesph osGsoj ijrQsM dj.ks
2½ mRre.kkZaps BjysY;k fdaerhps ‘kks/k.k dj.ks
3½ lkodkj o iqjoBknkjkalkscrps lac/k ti.ks-
b½ ljdkjP;k izrh vl.kkjh tckcnkjh %
1½ djkaps izkekf.kdi.ks o rRijrsus ‘kks/k.k dj.ks
2½ jktdkj.kh o vf/kdkÚ;kauk ^ykp ns.ks* gs izdkj u dj.ks
3½ ljdkjh fofo/k dk;ns o fu;ekaps ikyu dj.ks-
4½ ‘kklu;a=.ksoj dks.krkgh ncko u vk.k.ks-
 Ikz’kklu (Administration)
1½ foY;e fLizaxsy ;kaP;k ers & ^^iz’kklu gk dks.krkgh vkS|ksfxd miØekpk vlk i{k
vkgs dh] T;kapk lac/k laLFksps mfn”V fuf’pr d:u gs mfn~n”V iw.kZ dj.;kdfjrk
vko’;d rh /kksj.ks Bjfo.;k’kh vlrks-
2½ ts-,e-‘kqYts ;kaP;k ers & ^^iz’kklu gs mfn~n”Vs fuf’pr dj.kkjh ,d ‘kDrh vlqu gs
mfn~n”V lk/; dj.;kps dk;Z midzekP;k la?kVusyk rlsp O;oLFkki.kkyk djkos ykxrs-

9. 9
Guided By – Tejas Sir 9921586168
la?kVu vkf.k O;oLFkki.kkps dk;Z iz’kklukus Bjowu fnysY;k eq[; /kksj.kkaP;k pkSdVhr dk;Z
dj.ks gsp vlrs-**
3½ Jh U;qeu ;kaP;k ers & ^^O;DrhP;k ,dk leqgkps lkekU; mfn~n”Vs lk/; Ogkos
;kdfjrk lacf/kr O;DrhaP;k iz;Rukauk ekxZn’kZu dj.ks] O;Drhauk ;ksX; usRk`Ro ns.ks vkf.k
R;kaP;k iz;Rukaps fu;a=.k dj.ks g~;kykp iz’kklu Eg.krkr-**
&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&

10. 10
Guided By – Tejas Sir 9921586168
;qfuV 2 O;oLFkkiukrhy ;ksxnku (Evaluation of Management)
 O;oLFkkiu’kkL=kph mRdzkarh
1½ VsyjiwoZ dkG
2½ Vsyj vkf.k Vsyjuarjpk dkG
QzsMfjd Vsyj ;kaps O;oLFkkiukrhy ;ksxnku %
’kkL=h; O;oLFkkiukph :ijs’kk %
‘kkL=h; O;oLFkki.k gs midzekph dk;Z{kerk o mRiknu{kerk ;kr ok<
dj.;klkBh QzsMfjd Vsyj ;kaP;k dMwu RkRokaP;k Lo:ikr ekaM.;kr vkyh
vkgsr-
’kkL=h; O;oLFkkiu Eg.kts dk;
^^LkS/nkafrd Kku] fufj{k.k] iz;ksx vkf.k vuqHko g~;k pkj ckchaP;k
vk/kkjkoj QzsMfjd Vsyj ;kauh dkj[kkU;kph la?kVuk] mRiknukps dk;Z] dkexkjkaph
dk;Ziz.kkyh] ;a=kpk o midj.kkapk mi;ksx] dkj[kkunkj o dkexkjkapk dkekP;k
izrh vlysyk n`”Vhdksu ;ke/;sgh eqyHkqr cny lqpfoys- ;k loZ cnykukap
‘kkL=h; O;oLFkki.k vls Eg.krkr-**
‘kkL=h; O;oLFkkiukps mfn”V;s %
^^’kkL=h; O;oLFkkiukps eq[; mfn”V;s gs dkj[kkunkjkaph egRre le`/nh o
R;klkscrp izR;sd dkexkjkdfjrk egRre le`/nh feGfo.ks gs vkgs-**
1½ vkS|ksfxd {ks= o cktkjisBse/khy izo`Rrhapk vH;kl dj.ks-
2½ dkexkjkaph uksdjh lkrR;kus fVdwu jkghy v’kh R;kauk [kk=h ns.ks o r’kh
ifjLFkhrh fuekZ.k dj.ks-
3½ viO;;kaps fuewZyu dj.ks-
4½ dkj[kkunkj o dkexkjkaP;k mRiUukr ok< ?kMowu vk.k.ks-
5½ dkexkjkaP;k thouekukr lq/kkj.kk dj.ks-

11. 11
Guided By – Tejas Sir 9921586168
6½ dk;Zfo’ys”k.k] izf’k{k.k] use.kwd]cnyh] c<rh] b- ek/;ekrqu izxrhlkBh
lq;ksX; la/kh miyC/k d:u ns.ks-
7½ dkexkjkaP;k {kersps lao/kZu dj.ks-
8½ dkexkjkarhy vkRefo’okl o LokfHkekukP;k Hkkouspk fodkl dj.ks-
9½ dkexkjkaps pkfj= lao/kZu dj.ks-
10½ etqjh njkae/khy fo”kerk nwj dj.ks-
11½ la?k”kkZps mPNkVu dj.ks-
’kkL=h; O;oLFkki.kkph rRos & (Principles of Scientific Management)
1½ dk;kZRed la?kVuk
VksGhuk;d
Xkrhuk;d dkj[kkU;kr dke dj.kkjs Qksjeu
fufj{kd
nq:Lrhuk;d dkexkj
dk;Zdze dkjdqu
lwpuki= dkjdqu
eqnr vkf.k ifjO;; dkjdqu dk;kZy;kr dke dj.kkjs Qksjeu
vuq’kkld
2½ dk;Z fo’ys”k.k
3½ xrh vH;kl
4½ dkG v/;;u
5½ Fkdok v/;;u
6½ lk/kus o midj.kkaps izekihdj.k

12. 12
Guided By – Tejas Sir 9921586168
7½ foHksnkRed dk;kZuqlkj etqjh i/nrh
8½ dke dj.;kph fLFkrh
9½ ekufld dzkarh
’kkL=h; O;oLFkki.kkP;k ;kstusoj dj.;kr vkysY;k fVdk
v½ dkexkj o dkexkjla?kkdMwu dj.;kr vkysY;k fVdk&
1½ ekuoh cktwph mis{kk
2½ csdkjhph fHkrh
3½ dkekps vkR;afrd oSf’k”Vhdj.k
4½ O;oLFkkidkaph fujadq’k lRrk
5½ dkexkjkaph fiGo.kqd
6½ dkexkj la?kVusps cG [kPph dj.kkjh ;kstuk
Ck½ dkj[kkunkjkauh dsysyh fVdk &
1½ dkj[kkU;kps iz;ksx’kkGsr :ikarj
2½ izekihdj.kkpk iz’u
3½ mRiknu [kPkkZr ok<

13. 13
Guided By – Tejas Sir 9921586168
 gsUjh Qs;kWy ;kaps O;oLFkkiukrhy ;ksxnku %
(Contribution of Henry Fayol in Management)
gsUjh Qs;kWy ;kauh vkiY;k xzaFkkr vusd ekSfyd rRokaps o izes;kaps
izfriknu dsys- dkgh fuoMd eqn~ns [kkyhyizek.ks &
1½ O;oLFkki.kkps fl/nkUr (Principls of Management)
gsUjh Qs;kWy ;kauh vkiY;k v/;;u] fujh{k.k] iz;ksx vkf.k vuqHko ;koj
vk/kkjysY;k [kkyhy fl/nkUrkps izfriknu dsys vkgs-
1½ dk;kZps foHkktu (Dicvision of Work)
2½ vf/kdkj vkf.k tckcnkjh (Authority and Responsibility)
3½ f’kLr (Discipline)
4½ vkns’kkph ,drk (Unity of Command)
5½ funsZ’kkph ,drk (Unity of Direction)
6½ O;Drhxr fgrkis{kk lkekU; fgrkps egRo (Subordination of Individual
Interest to General Interest)
7½ deZpkÚ;kaP;k dk;kZapk ekscnyk (Remuneration of Personnel)
8½ dsanzhdj.k (Centralisation)
9½ inkf/kdkÚ;kae/;s ijLij lac/k (Scalar Chain)
10½ O;oLFkk (Order)
11½ lekurk (Equity)
12½ deZpkÚ;kaps izf’k{k.k (Tranning of Personnel)
14½ izsj.kk (Incentives)
14½ lgdk;kZph Hkkouk (Esporit de Corps)
2½ O;oLFkkidkph dk;Z & (Functions of Management)

14. 14
Guided By – Tejas Sir 9921586168
1½ fu;kstu (Planning)
2½ la?kVu (Organisation)
3½ vkns’k (Direction)
4½ leUo; (Co-ordination)
5½ fu;a=.k (Control)
3½ vkS|ksfxd miØek’kh lacf/kr fofHkUu fØ;kaps oxhZdj.k %
1½ rkaf=d fØ;k (Technical)
2½ okf.kT;fo”k;d (Commercial)
3½ fofRr; (Financial)
4½ lqj{kk (Security)
5½ ys[kkdeZ (Accounting)
6½ O;oLFkkidh; (Managerial)
4½ fofo/k inkaoj dke dj.kkÚ;k O;Drhauk vko’;d vlysyh ;ksX;rk%
vko’;d vlysyh ;ksX;rk [kkyhy RkDR;ko:u Li”V djrk ;sbZy-
deZpkÚ;kapk
izdkj
O;oLFkk
idh;
%
Rkakf=d
%
Okkf.kT;
fo”k;d
%
foRrh;
%
Lkqj{kk
%
ys[kkdeZ
%
,dw.k
%
dkexkj 5 85 & & 5 5 100
Qksjeu 15 60 5 & 10 10 100
fujh{kd 25 45 5 & 10 15 100
foHkkxize[k 30 30 5 5 10 20 100
Rkakf=d foHkkxkpk
izeq[k
35 30 10 5 10 10 100
O;oLFkkid 40 15 15 10 10 10 100
Ekq[; O;oLFkkid 50 10 10 10 10 10 100

15. 15
Guided By – Tejas Sir 9921586168
5½ O;oLFkkidkps xq.k %
1½ ‘kkjhfjd xq.k ¼vkjksX;]’kDrh]LQwrhZ½
2½ ekufld xq.k ¼letwu ?ks.;kph {kerk]foosd o lrdZrk½
3½ uSfrd xq.k ¼tckcnkjh fLodkj.;kph r;kjh]n`<rk]Pkkrq;Z]fu”Bk b-½
4½ lkekU; Kku 5½ fof’k”V Kku ¼6½ vuqHko
6½ O;oLFkkidakps izf’k{k.k %
,YVu es;ks ;kaps O;oLFkkiukrhy ;ksxnku %
(Contribution of Elton Mayo in Management)
,YVu es;ks ;kaP;k Lak’kks/kukps fu”d”kZ o R;kaps izfriknu letqu ?ksa.;kiwohZ gWFkkWuZ
la’kks/kukph ik’oZHkqeh] g~;k la’kks/kukps Lo:Ik vkf.k la’kks/kukph fu”iRrh ;kcn~ny fopkj
dj.ks vko’;d vkgs-
gWFkkWuZ la’kks/kukps Lo:Ik %
1½ ifgyk fjys vlsaEyh VsLV :e
2½ nqljk fjys vlsaCyh VsLV :e
3½ ek;dk fLIyVhax VsLV :e
4½ cWad ok;fjax vkWC>OgsZ’ku :e
5½ dkexkjkaP;k eqyk[krhpk dk;ZØe
Ikkp eqyhaP;k dkekoj la’kks/ku dj.;kr vkys- loZ lks;h loyrh nsÅu o loZ
lks;h loyrh jn~n d:u v’kk nksUgh fLFkrhr R;kaP;k dkekps eksteki dj.;kr vkys
rsOgk lks;h loyrh jn~n dsY;kuarjp R;kaph dk;Z{kerk ok<ysyh fnlqu vkyh-
cWad ok;fjax vkWC>OgsZ’ku :e ;k iz;ksxkr 14 dq’ky dkexkjkaoj gk iz;ksx
vukSipkfjd lac/kkps fujh{k.k dj.;klkBh dj.;kr vkyk- R;kpizek.ks eqyk[krhaP;k
ek/;ekrqu dkexkjkaps varjax] Hkkouk] izo`Rrhpk vH;kl dj.;kr vkyk-
;ko:u [kkyhy rRos ekaM.;kr vkyhr-

16. 16
Guided By – Tejas Sir 9921586168
gWFkkWuZ la’kks/kukph fu”iRrh@rRos
ifgyk fjys vlsaEyh VsLV :e iz;ksxko:u &
1½ deZpkÚ;kauk fnysY;k lks;h loyrh deZpkÚ;kaph dk;Z{kerk ok<orsp gs vlR; vkgs-
2½ HkkSfrd lks;hais{kk dkexkj vkilkrhy lac/kakuk vf/kd egRo nsrkr-
3½ dkexkjkaph vukSipkfjd la?kVuk vkSipkfjd la?kVusis{kk vf/kd egRokph vlrs-
4½ vukSipkfjd lkekftd la?kVuk foLdGhr >kY;kl dkexkj rØkj djrks-
cWad ok;fjax vkWC>OgsZ’ku :e iz;ksxko:u &
1½ dke gGwgGw dj.ks o osG ok;k ?kkyo.ks gh dkexkjkaph Lkk/kkj.k Ikzo`Rrh vlrs-
2½ vkSipkfjd o vukSipkfjd la?kVusr la?k”kZ
3½ dkexkjkauh tkLr dke d: u;s ;klkBh vukSipkfjd la?kVusdMwu ncko Vkdyk tkrks-
4½ dkexkjkaP;k dk;Z{krsP;k n`”Vhdksukrwu vukSipkfjd la?kVuk vf/kd izHkkoh vLkrs-
dkexkjkaP;k eqyk[krho:u &
1½ iz;ksxkP;k fu”d”kkZauk cGdVh feGkyh-
2½ ofjy iz;ksxkP;k fu”d”kkZizek.ksp fu”iUurk vk<Gwu vkyh-
3½ dkexkjkaps euksO;kikj letwu ?ks.;kl Qkj lgk¸; >kys-
,YVu es;ksaP;k fl/nkarkps fVdkRed ifj{k.k %
1½ iz;ksx ‘kkL=h; i/nrhus dsys uOgrs-
2½ dk;Z vkf.k dkexkjkaph fuoM ‘kkL=h; i/nrhus dj.;kr vkyh uOgrh
3½ uequk fuoM [kipa ekstds
4½ dkexkj o dkekph ,sfrgkfld ik’oHkqeh o lkaLd`frd fodkl ;kdMs nqyZ{k
5½ ifjfLFkrh o okrkoj.k izHkko ;kdMs iw.kZr% nqyZ{k
6½ dkexkjkaph okx.kqd o O;ogkj izHkko ;kapk vH;kl dsyk xsyk ukgh-
7½ vkS|ksfxd lac/k o mRiknu ;kaph lkaxG ;kaps izfriknu ukgh-

17. 17
Guided By – Tejas Sir 9921586168
psLVj cukZM ;kaps O;oLFkkiukrhy ;ksxnku %
(Contribution in Management of Chester Bernard)
psLVj cukZM ;kauh lkekftd O;oLFkk fl/nkUr ekaMyk R;kaP;k ers O;olk;kph
mfn”V;s xkB.;klkBh O;oLFkki.kkph lgdkjh i/nrh fodlhr dsyh ikfgts R;klkBh
vkSipkfjd la?kVuslkscrp O;olk;kr vukSipkfjd la?kVuk vfLFkRokr vlkO;kr vls
R;kaps er gksrs
psLVj cukZM ;kaps O;oLFkki.kkrhy ;ksxnku [kkyhyizek.ks
1½ vkSipkfjd la?kVuspk fl/nkUr
v½ leku mfn~n”Vs
c½ lgkdk;kZph Hkkouk
d½ lans’kogu
2½ vUkkSipkfjd la?kVuk
3½ la?kVuk gh lkekftd i/nr
4½ vf/kdkj ekU;rspk fl/nkUr
5½ izHkkoh usRk`Ro
6½ ?kVukapk izHkko
v½ varxZr ?kVuk
c½ cghZxr ?kVuk
7½ dk;Zdkjh vf/kdkÚ;kaph dk;Z
v½ la?kVusph mfn~n”V;s fuf’pr dj.ks-
c½ lans’kogu
d½ vfHkizsj.k o izHkkoh usr`Ro
8½ la?kVukRed lerksy

18. 18
Guided By – Tejas Sir 9921586168
ihVj Mªdj ;kaps O;oLFkkiukrhy ;ksxnku %
(Contribution in Management of Peter Drucker)
ihVj Mªdj ;kauh O;oLFkki.k ‘kkL=kr eksykph Hkj Vkdyh vkgs- dkgh fo’ks”k
egRokP;k eqn~n;kacn~ny iq<s ekfgrh fnyh vkgs-
1½ O;olk;kPks mfn~n”V gs egRre uQk defo.ks ulkos-
tkLrhr tkLr uQk feGfo.ks gs ,deso mfn~n”V eku.;kr vkY;kl dkj[kkunkjkaps
vusd egRokP;k ckchdMs nqyZ{k gksrs- ufou la’kks/ku] iz;ksx] ;kaf=dhdj.k] O;oLFkki.k
i/nrhr lq/kkj.kk]dkexkjkaP;k lq[klks;h b- vusd xks”VhadMs nqyZ{k gksrs-
2½ O;olk;kP;k mfn~n”Vs Bjforkauk [kkyhy {ks=kapk fopkj djkok-
v½ cktkjisBsrhy ir c½ ukfoU;kpk voyac
d½ mRiknu{kerk M½ HkkSfrd o foRrh; lalk/kus
b½ ykHkdkjdrk Q½ O;oLFkkidkph dk;Z{kerk o fodkl
Hk½ dkexkjkps dk;Z vkf.k izo`Rrh e½ lkoZtfud tckcnkjh
3½ mfn~n”Vfu”B O;oLFkki.k
4½ mn~;kP;k O;oLFkkidkauk djkoh ykx.kkjh dk;Z%
5½ O;OkLFkkidkP;k pkfj«;kps egRo %
6½ O;oLFkkidkps e;kZfnr fu;a=.k{ks= %
7½ O;oLFkkidkps e;kZfnr tckcnkjh{ks=
8½ la?kVuse/khy ;ksX; okrkoj.kfufeZrh
9½ xzkgdfufeZrhlkBh fo’ks”k iz;Ru
10½ ;’kLoh O;oLFkkidkph dk;Zi/nrh
v½ osGsps fu;kstu c½ mfn~n”Vkaoj y{k dasnzhr dj.ks
d½ OkSpkfjd nsok.k?ksok.k M½ lkaf?kd ‘kDrhpk fodkl o mi;ksx
b½ vkRefo’okl Q½ fu.kZ;{kerk
Hk½ okLrooknh e½ egRodka{kh

19. 19
Guided By – Tejas Sir 9921586168
Hkkjrh; O;oLFkki.k fopkj %
,sfrgkfld fopkjoar
1½ dkSfVY; ;kaps vFkZ’kkL= %
b-l- iwoZ dkGkr vFkZ’kkL= gs xzaFk fygys ;kykp dkSfVY;kps vFkZ’kkL= vls
Eg.krkr- ;k xzaFkkr ,dw.k 571 lq=s ekaMysyh vkgsr- ;kr R;kauh dj] votksM m|ksx]
lSU; iks”k.k [kpZ] ea=heaMG] fofo/k foHkkx] O;kikj] ns’kkps pyu] uk.kh] O;olk;
O;oLFkk b- vusd ckchaoj lq{e foospu dsys vkgs-
2½ N=irh f’kokth egkjkt %
Rkhu’ks o”kkZiwohZ N=irh f’kokth egkjkt ;kauh O;oLFkki.k fo”k;d eqyHkqr fopkj
ekaMysys vkgsr- egkjktkauh vkiys v”Viz/kku eaMGkP;k ek/;ekrqu O;oLFkki.kkps izR;{k
mnkgj.kp lknj dsys- R;kpizek.ks brjgh vusd /kksj.ks R;kauh vk[kyhr O;kikj O;olk;
dlk djkok ;kps lq{e v/;;u R;kauh dsys gksrs-
vk/kqfud dkGkrhy fopkjoar
1½ Jh-lh-ds- izYgkn &
O;olk; O;qgjpusrhy lokZr tkurk fopkjoar Eg.kwu R;kauk vksG[kys tkrs-
tkxrhd [;krh izkIr lYykxkj] izk/;kid] oDrs] ys[kd o la’kks/kd vkgsr- vkrki;Zar
R;kauk vusd ikfjrksf”kds izkIr >kysyh vkgsr- R;ke/;s rhu osGk esdsUlh ikfjrksf”kd]
,,ch,vkj] bysDVªkWfud flVs’ku iqjLdkj] rlsp SMR-PWC ;k iqjLdkjkapk lekos’k vkgs-
R;kauh vusd iqLrds la’kks/ku ys[kkaps ys[ku dsys vkgs- R;krhy izeq[k iqLrds
[kkyhyizek.ks&
1½ n QkWP;Zwu vWV n ckWVe vkWQ n fijWfeM~l
2½ dkWEisfVax QkWj n ¶;qpj
3½ bu lpZ vkWQ ,Dlsyal
4½ eYVhuW’kuy fe’ku
2½ xhrk fijkey &
Xkhrk fijkey tuZfyLV vkgsr- R;kauk O;olk; txrkrhy vusd ukeoar iqjLdkj
feGkysys vkgsr- R;kpizzek.ks txizfl/n O;oLFkki.k ekfld ^n LekVZ eWustj* P;k
O;oLFkkidh; laiknd vkgsr- [kkyhizek.ks egRokph iqLrds izfl/n vkgsr-
1½ fc>husl fyaMl
2½ eWfuftax jsfMdy psat
3½ fcf>usl ea=kt
4½ fcf>usl egkjktk

20. 20
Guided By – Tejas Sir 9921586168
3½ Jh lqea=k ?kks”kky &
Tkxrhd O;OkLFkki.kkP;k {ks=krhy f’k{kd]ys[kd vkf.k lYykxkj vkgsr- vkrki;Zar
R;kaph vkB iqLrds] iapspkGhlP;k oj la’kks/kui=s vkf.k vusd iqjLdkj ik= dsl LVfMt
izfl/n vkgsr- ^eWfuftax vdzkl ckWMZj % n VªkUlys’ku lkWY;q’ku* gs R;kaps iqLrd txkrhy
O;oLFkki.k fo”k;d lokZsRd`”V iUukl iqLrdkaiSdh ,d vkgs- R;kauk vkt txkrhy ,d
vknjfu; O;oLFkki.k fopkjoar ekuys tkrs-
4½ jke pj.k &
jke pj.k gs txizfl/n vlysys O;olk; lYykxkj] oDrs vkf.k ys[kd vkgsr-
R;kpizkek.ks R;kauh txkrhy vusd O;oLFkkidakuk izf’kf{kr dsys vkgsr- R;kaps la’kks/ku
ys[k vusd tkxfrd ntkZP;k ekfldkae/;s izfl/n >kysyh vkgsr- ;kr gkoMZ fc>husl
fjOg;q ] QkWpZqu] bUQkWjes’ku foM ;k ekfldkapk lekos’k gksrks- Jh jke ;kauh vusd
iqLrdkaps ys[ku dsys vkgs- R;kiSdh dkgh egRokph iqLrds iq<hyizek.ks ueqn djrk ;srhy
1½ dkWUQzUVhax fjvWfyVh
2½ OgkWV nh lhbZvks okWUVl~ ;w Vw uks
3½ cksMZl~ vWV odZ
4½ izksQhVscy xzksFk bt bOgfjou~l fc>husl
Okj fnysys fopkjoar gs Hkkjrkrhy l/;kfLFkrhr izfl/nhl ikoysys vkgsr- o ;kauk
vkarjjk”Vh; [;krh izkIr >kysyh vkgs-