3. Seven (7) Stages/Elements of Information Literacy
1 Identifying/recognizing information needs
2 Determining sources of information
3 Citing or searching for information
4 Analyzing and evaluating the quality of information
5 Organizing, storing or archiving information
6 Using information in an ethical, efficient, and effective way
7 Creating and communicating new knowledge
4.
5. simply
refers to is the co-existence of
traditional and new media;
the co-existence of print
media, broadcast media, the
Internet, mobile phones, a
well as others, allowing media
content to flow across various
platforms creating a digital
communication environment.
6. simply
refers to the merging of
different types of mass media
such as Traditional Media,
Print Media, Broadcast Media,
New Media and the Internet
as well as portable and highly
interactive technologies
through digital media
platforms.
7. Here are the key points why Media Convergence is important:
•It transforms the modes of communication, news reporting, and
journalism. For example, Media journalism.
•It led to cross-media since a huge amount of content is now being
accessed through portable devices
•Many new media forms are born like news portals, podcasts, news
feeds, blogging, websites and mobile applications.
•The newly converged media platforms provide online access to the
archives, and endless opportunities for users to comment on the story or
provide links to relevant material.
8.
9.
10. CommunicationMedium How it Works
Conversation A person to person interactive conversation using ones'voice as tool.
Public Speaking Using one's voice as the tool for interaction with a largergroup or audience at a
particular time.
Documents Written artifacts such as note, written paper, research paper, report, minutes of the
meeting, usually on paper and print.
VisualArts, Images,Music, and Videos
Arts and performance arts are communication forms that signify messages in
paintings, drawings, photography, videos, images, and the like that conveys
specific emotion, idea, or thought.
Physical Medium Physical things such as tarpaulin billboards, posters, in package information
contained in product packaging,and the like.
Publication Documents that are distributed to the public such asnewspapers, book, and
magazines.
Digital / Interactive
Can be in interactive media, broadcast media and social media, virtual reality and
mixed reality; digital and electronic means to convey messages such as website or
computer application, primarily by using the Internet.
11.
12.
13.
14. The root of the word “communication”
in Latin is communicare, which means
to share, or to make common
(Weekley, 1967).
• Communication is defined as
the process of understanding
and sharing meaning (Pearson &
Nelson, 2000).
• Littlejohn and Foss (2008), who
are scholars and experts in the
field, regard communication as
“one of those everyday activities
that is intertwined with all of
human life so completely that we
sometimes overlook its
pervasiveness, importance, and
complexity.”
15. Activity 1.1: Breaking Down Miscommunication
In your notebook, try to recall a major miscommunication or
misunderstanding that you were involved in and its
consequences. Describe such situation. In what component/s of
the communication process do you think did the problem
originate? Explain what you did about it and give suggestions on
how problems as such can be avoided in the future.
16. The book “Business Communication for
Success” lists eight essential components
of communication:
1. Source – a person, group, or entity
that forms, creates, sends, or forwards
a message or information
2. Message – the stimulus or meaning
produced by the source for the receiver
or audience (McLean, 2005)
3. Channel – the tool or manner in
which the messages will be carried
through from the source to the
receiver
4. Receiver – receives the message
from the source, analyzing and
interpreting the message in ways
both intended and unintended by the
source (McLean, 2005)
17. The book “Business Communication for
Success” lists eight essential components
of communication:
5. Feedback – the message or
response of the receiver which is
sent back to the source
6. Environment – the atmosphere,
physical and psychological, where you
send and receive messages (McLean,
2005)
7. Context – the communication
interaction involves the setting, scene,
and expectations of the individuals
involved (McLean, 2005)
8. Interference – anything that blocks or
changes the source’s intended meaning
of the message (McLean, 2005)
23. Years later, David Berlo developed Shannon and Weaver’s model
shifting the focus to the context, environment, and other factors
surrounding the participants involved in the communication process.
These factors include the following:
Communication skills such as reading, writing, speaking, listening, and
watching.
Knowledge about a subject or topic
Attitude toward the topic and the audience
Social and cultural aspects that influence the content of the message
and themanner by which it is sent.
24. Activity 1.2: Question and Answer
Instructions: Answer the questions briefly in your own
words.
1. Why is communication a process?
2.What are the important elements of
communication?
3. How can we achieve an effective communication
with other people?
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39. Component Guide question Your Answer
Sender
1. Who created the message? Is the source reliable? How
can you say so?
Message
2. What does the message say?
3. Is the information useful, fair, orlogical?
4. Are there images or sounds that cancatch the
viewer’s attention?
Medium
5. What type of media is used to deliver the message?
6. What are the strengths and weaknesses of this media
format?
Receiver
7. Who is the target of the message?
8. How might people different from me interpret this
message?
Context
9. What is the purpose of the message?
10.Who controls the transmission of this message?
45. 1. Explain briefly the uses of those that you can name.
2. Which among these websites and applications do
you deem useful and credible in terms of creating,
obtaining, and sharing content?
46.
47.
48.
49.
50. Comparison Contrast
Media Literacy vs.
Information
Literacy
Media Literacy vs.
Technology (Digital)
Literacy
Information Literacy
vs. Technology (Digital
Literacy)
Activity 2.1: Based on the definitions given. Try to compare and contrast the threeconcepts by filling out the
table below:
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56. 1. From your own point of view, make a list that
describes a person who is literate in media and
information. Write down at least five (5)
characteristics.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
2. Of the list that you have enumerated in
your Weekly Online Activities Log, which
media provider did you spend the most
time? And what role does this media
provider play in your life as a SHS student?
3. Looking at the total number of hours you
have spent on online activities per week, do
you think the figure is essential for your to be
able to be media and information literate
individual?
60. Number of hours in a week
Media or Information Provider
(168 hours/ week)
Youtube 3 hours
Facebook 12 hours
Television, Radio 20 hours
Books 10 hours
Others: pep.ph, google.com 10 hours
TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS/ WEEK 55 hours
61. Weekly Online Activities Log
Media or Information Provider
Number of hours in a week
(168 hours/ week)
TOTAL NUMBER OF HOURS/ WEEK
62. Try to think of your media consumption during the past week.
Record your use and interaction with media and information
providers (such as internet, social media, TV, radio, newspaper,
etc.) and indicate how many hours were spent /engaged with
each one.
Activity 3.1: Media Interaction Log
Weekly Interaction Log with Information and Information Providers
Media or Information Provider Number of hours in a week
Example: Radio 3 hours
1
2
3
4
5
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72. 1. Why do we need information?
2. Where do we search for
information?
3. How do we acquire and store
information?
4. How do we use the information
that we have?
5. How will we communicate the
information that we have
acquired?
73.
74. .
Media literacy teaches us that the content we see or hear are
constructed with various aims and that an equally important task
falls to the audience, the receivers of such content, to evaluate and
give meaning to these media messages.
Media literacy skills help us think our way through this
complex process of communication. Furthermore, they help us
function better in our media-rich environment, enabling us to be
better democratic citizens, smarter shoppers, and more skeptical
media consumers.
76. 1. Check the source.
( Is the source known for its reliability?)
77. 4. Check if data in story is backed up by
experts.
(Did they get their information from a reliable
authority?)
5. Check the Date
( Is it an old story shared to spread outdated
information?)
6. Cross- check with reliable sources
( Do other well known and credible media outlets
have the same story?)
79. Stage What this stage is about?
1
Identifying/ recognizing information needs
The realization that there arise a need or a problem exists that requires information, for its
satisfactory resolution.
2
Determining sources of information
Know how to determine if the needed information exists, and to source out from
varied avenues.
3 Citing or searching for information
Know how to find needed information, to give credits to the source of the information.
4
Analyzing and evaluating the quality of information
Know how to fully understand found information, or know where to go for help if needed to understand,
and to assess the accuracy and reliability of the information acquired.
5
Organizing, storing or archiving information
Know how to preserve, store, reuse, record and archive information for future use, or to dispose of
information no longer needed, and safeguard information that should be protected.
6 Using information in an ethical, efficient and effective way
Know how to utilize information to solve problem, make decision, or meet need.
7
Creating and communicating new knowledge
Know how to communicate and present information to others in appropriate, usable formats/ mediums.
