Here are some major patterns of curriculum described precisely. Patterns are basically the categories of curriculum .

1. PATTERNS OF CURRICULUM
PRESENTERS
Tayyaba Irfan Amin s/2016-2441
Syeda Ayesha Shah s/2016-2430

2. Patterns of Curriculum
 conservative liberal art curriculum
 Social re-construction curriculum
 Vocational curriculum
 Educational technology curriculum
 Humanistic curriculum
 De-schooling curriculum
2

3. 1. Conservative Liberal Arts
Curriculum
What is liberal art ? 3
“The area of learning that cultivates general intellectual
abilities (such as reasoning, judgment) rather than
technical or professional/vocational skills.”
Word “Liberal Art” came from the LATIN ‘Libralis’
means suitable for a freedom.

4. Following Areas Came From Liberal Art
• Social sciences
• Natural Sciences
• Humanities
• Formal Science
4

5. 1. Conservative Liberal Arts
Curriculum
• It is based on the belief that a human being’s unique and
distinctive quality is intellect.
• The quest for knowledge is the natural fulfillment of an
intellect.
• The purpose of life is to engage in the process of inquiry.
• To move from ignorance to truth, from confusion to
enlightenment. 5

6. Conservative Liberal Arts Curriculum
• It is an approach to learning that empowers individual and
prepare them to deal with complexity, diversity and
change.
• It provides students with broad and general knowledge of
world wide.
6

7. 7

8. Conservative Liberal Arts Curriculum
History
In the 8th century B.C. this design is said to be enrooted in
Hellenistic Greece to define those subjects that were
considered essential for a free person to participate in civic
life, including public debates serving on juries and most
importantly, military services.
• Paideia Concept ( Cultured Man) became a perspective in
the liberal arts approach to education.
• This became the format of the public education system.
• The curriculum was spelled out in a formally declared
permanent studies that included language, mathematics,
sciences, history and foreign languages.
8

9. Strengths of Conservative liberal
arts Curriculum
•A liberal arts curriculum provides all of the fundamentals
necessary to survive in a changing workplace.
• Greater scope to invest a greater amount of time in self-
study and appraisal
9

10. Strengths of Conservative liberal arts
Curriculum
• Essentially, a liberal arts curriculum enhances one’s
ability to connect concepts, hypotheses across diverse
disciplines. This, in turn, allows us to deal with multiple
dimensions of the problems.
• This intellectual growth inevitably(unavoidable),
permeates(penetrate) into our professional life.
• A student of a liberal arts curriculum is made to
understand that education should not be regarded as a
path to occupation, but something life-long and far more
meaningful. This our education system must emphasis :
The ultimate goal of education is growth.
10

11. Strengths of Conservative liberal arts
Curriculum
• It focuses on one’s understanding of other cultures, the
principles of human nature that connect us, and the social
constructs that form the differences between us. Thus,
one learns to better interact with people of different
cultures.
11

12. Weakness of Conservative Liberal
Arts Curriculum
• Needs proper funding
• Doesn’t focus on specialization of
any particular area
• It doesn’t develop scientific attitude
• It doesn’t prepare an individual for
vocational or professional life
12

13. What is Social Reconstruction?
“Social reconstruction is a condition in which
student is encouraged by educators to explore
potential solutions to the social problems”
13
2. Social re-construction
Curriculum

14. Social re-construction Curriculum
Social reconstruction
curriculum tries to involve students
in school and community life in
order to help them to become
adults who can reconstruct and
improve society.
14

15. History of Social re-construction
Curriculum
Harold Rugg proponent of Social
Reconstruction curriculum
In 1920, he wrote a book “Man and his
changing society”
He encouraged schools to influence social
change
He proposed that school shouldn’t be neutral
to the ills of society and education is a vehicle
for social improvement. 15

16. Characteristics of Social re-construction
Curriculum
• A curriculum which is not only inform but
will have as its ideals the development of an
attitude of sympathetic tolerance and critical
open-mindedness.
• Constructed on a problem solving
• Organization providing constant practice in
choosing between alternatives, in making
decisions and drawing generalization.
• Children will be influenced to put their ideas
in sanely action.
16

17. Characteristics of Social re-construction
Curriculum
• The major assumption in social reconstruction is that future
is not fixed it is amenable to modification and
improvement.
• The school as an institution cannot remain neutral in a
changing world and can influence and direct social change.
17

18. Strengths of Social
re-construction Curriculum
o It focuses on orienting students and helping them
commit to the life in which they would participate.
o It helps students to develop intellectual, esthetic, or
practical interests
o It gives life-adjustment ideas
o It creates a strong bond between the school and
society Social reconstruction involves active
participation through ‘doing’. 18

19. Strengths of Social
re-construction Curriculum
o This curriculum confront the learners with issues which
mankind face.
o It has no space for the preconceived notions of what
adults believed children should become. That is why
there was an emphasis on self-government by students
o It is a medium for the expression of esthetic values and
social aims.
19

20. Limitations of Social
re-construction Curriculum
o It is not easily applicable
o At worst, schools are subject to the
whims of fads and special interest groups.
20

21. Limitations of Social re-construction
Curriculum
o Lacking direction by definite social ideals, it becomes the
victim of special pressure groups, the subject of
contending special interests, the sport of passing
intellectual fashions, the toys of dominant personalities
o It is not permitting individual students to make projects
solely to satisfy individual needs and thereby limiting the
potential of the child.
o It only address universally agreed upon issues.
21

22. 3. Vocational Curriculum
“A curriculum that provides students with the
opportunity to develop vocational knowledge in their
chosen occupations”
It consisted of crafts and labor skills.
This program is good in areas with industrial or
agricultural community
22

23. Areas of study
• Trade and Industrial Education
• Business Education
• Agriculture
• Home Economics
• Marketing Education
• Technical Education
• Technology Education
• Health Education
23

24. 24
The reason for focusing on practice is the skilful
thinking approach for applications in diverse
vocational settings and situations

25. Strengths of Vocational
curriculum
• The outcomes are based on the learner’s hopes
for the future and will incorporate their needs,
strengths, preferences and interests.
• It gives students the opportunity to develop
vocational knowledge in an occupation for
which they wish to qualify.
25

26. Strengths of Vocational curriculum
• Curriculum frameworks for vocational programs focus
on the socio-cultural level of practice (e.g. skills
standards of socio-cultural level).
• Learners are fully involved in what activities they will
participate for a successful transition to adulthood.
• It promote adaptability : to just develop the capacity to
adapt knowledge to operate across the diverse instances
of the occupation.
26

27. Strengths of Vocational curriculum
• Domains of human activity (e.g. vocations, academic
discipline) are promoted.
• An emphasis on practice as a basis for considering
curriculum goals and developing adaptable outcomes is
proposed.
• This approach emphasizes learning through participation
as much as a reliance on the manipulation of existing
knowledge
• It seeks to draw on the social as well as the cognitive
experience focused on work processes and moral reform
to comprehensive and systematic curriculum focused on
labor needs and concrete outcomes
27

28. Weakness of Vocational
Curriculum
• It totally ignores the academic work
• Teachers are primarily hired for their technical
knowledge and not on their teaching skills, it can
be hard to convey that information in a way that
other people can use and learn. This can be a
major drawback.
• There is a lack of diversity of subjects to be
taught 28

29. 4. Educational Technology
Curriculum
Technology is making the learning process fun and
even addictive
29

30. Educational Technology Curriculum
“ The educational technology curriculum
educates students to meet challenges with
logic and creativity using a variety of
technologies ”
• It includes how to facilitate learning
and improve performance by creating,
using and managing appropriate
technological processes and resources
30

31. - Education in the new century will
experience a technological gold rush
atmosphere.
-Technological instruments has a
significant role in the teaching and
learning process.
Educational Technology Curriculum 31

32. Educational Technology Curriculum 32
Joseph Hardin said :
“Technology is affecting education in
revolutionary ways and the momentum
toward these changed is irreversible. ”

33. Educational Technology through
the decade
33
Technology have greatly affected learning
process through the years:
- 1950-Televisions
- 1960- Transistors and calculators
- 1970- Videocam, Compact Disc, VCD
- 1980- Facsimile, CD ROMS, Software
- 1990- Personal computers, World Wide Web,
Internet
- 2000- Laptop, Netbook , I pad , DVD, LCD
projector

34. Educational Technology in
the New Century
• In the new century curriculum
specialist must do better not only on
knowledge of how technology works
but also how technology can be used
to improve communication and
transmission of knowledge in the
teaching and learning process.

35. Educational Technology in the New
Century
This curriculum focuses on the questions:
• What are the implications of technology?
• How can schools receive technology in a
meaningful way?
• What technology is most effective for learning in
a school?
• How can we prevent technology from creating an
intellectual grouping in school?
35

36. Strengths of Educational
Technology Curriculum
• Saves Precious Resources
Using technology in the classroom amount of resources can be
saved .
• No more heavy backpacks
• The things that we know are always changing This curriculum
provides instantly Updated Information faster and cheaper
than if all new books and resources has to be purchased
• It allows the classroom to reflect modern times. 36

37. Strengths of Educational Technology
Curriculum
• Students are not only excited about what they are doing,
but comprehending it as well.
• Students are engaged so it creates a collaborative learning
approach.
• Encourages development of new teaching methods..
• It can boost learning motivation.
• Provide learning opportunities outside the classroom
• It develops necessary Skills for the Future. Business and
many other fields are dominated by technology.
37

38. Weakness of Educational
Technology Curriculum
• Technology can disconnect students from social
interactions.
• It can replace the teacher. It can create a dependence.
• Sara Elkridge, history professor at Randolph College in
Virginia, believes that:
“Technology is a tool to be used in the classroom, rather
than an end in itself.”
38

39. Weakness of Educational Technology
Curriculum
• Lesson planning might become more labor-intensive
with technology
• Students don’t have equal access to technological
resources.
• Extremely Expensive To Keep Up To Date.
• It could cause students to use unreliable resources for
learning.
• It could create medical issues for some students
39

40. 5. Humanistic Curriculum
• Its main theme is humanizing of learning
• It focuses on basic human values
• It features student-centered curriculum and encourages freedom
40

41. Humanistic curriculum
Humanistic Curriculum aims at development and
realization of complete human personality of the
student.
• The humanistic curriculum does not take student as
subservient to society, history or philosophy but as a
complete entity.
41

42. Humanistic Curriculum
• Humanistic curriculum stress on
individual freedom and
democratic rights to form global
community based on “common
humanity of all people”.
42

43. Humanistic curriculum
• The humanistic curriculum experts suggest
that if education succeeds in development of
interests, and aptitudes of every individual,
the students will willingly and intelligently
cooperate with one another for common
good. This will ensure a free and universal
society with shared interests rather than
conflicting ones.
43

44. Characteristics of Humanistic curriculum
• Instruction is humane, personalized and individualized
• Teachers serve as guider to learning rather than authority
figure of knowledge.
• Decentralization of authority.
• Teacher is a facilitator of learning process.
44
Humanistic Curriculum

45. Characteristics of Humanistic Curriculum
• It is an outward bound
• Atmosphere of understanding, compassion,
encouragement, and trust.
• Physical setting usually encourage freedom in the form of
students mobility, increased choice of curricular activities
and a learning by doing format.
45

46. Dalton Plan
In 1920, Helen Parkhurst devised Dalton Plan
• It features freedom of movement and
choice of material by students
• Cooperation and interaction of student
group life
• Subject matter laboratories in the
classroom
•No tests ,so it eliminates the grading system
•It was criticized for being too individualistic and
finally given up
46Humanistic Curriculum

47. Organic Method
47
Humanistic Curriculum
Developed at Fairhope, Alabama in 1910
by Marietta Johnson in a laboratory school
•She called it organic method because it
focused on a child as a complete ‘organism’
•They believed that children are best
prepared for adult life by fully
experiencing childhood.
•Appropriate conditions should be provided
for optimal development of student
•Physical exercise, nature study, music,
field geography, drama and games.

48. History of Humanistic
curriculum
It considers the whole child and believes that in
curriculum the total development of the individual
is the prime consideration.
The learner is at the center of the curriculum.
Curriculum design in the US during the 20th
century
This approach is rooted in the progressive
philosophy and child-centered movement. 48

49. Strengths of Humanistic
curriculum
•It considers the need for self-understanding and
self-actualization among learners.
•It fosters the emotional, physical as well as the
intellectual skills necessary for independent judgment.
•To the humanists, the goals of education are related to the
idea of personal growth, integrity, and autonomy.
•Healthier attitudes towards self, peers, and learning are
among their expectations. 49

50. Weakness of Humanistic
curriculum
•It is too positive when regarding human behavior-
this means that it assumes individuals are
intrinsically good and will choose positive paths for
their lives- however free will and choice is limited
for some individuals
•Approach is not scientific- Does not make
predictions that can be proved or disproved. 50

51. Weakness of Humanistic curriculum
• There is also more chance of quieter students not
speaking out, and being overshadowed by more dominant
personalities.
• Classmates will naturally differ in ability and experience,
this approach make that gap even wider and create more
of a divide
• Lastly, the learning is highly dependent on whether the
teacher is capable of delivering the lessons in an effective
manner. If the teacher has not been trained to use this
learning style correctly, students could take advantage
and end up not taking the lessons seriously.
51

52. 6. De-schooling Curriculum
“It is the process of minimizing the negative effects of
school in student.”
It usually refers to adjustment period of a child after leaving
formal school.
52What is Deschooling ?

53. De-schooling Curriculum
De-schooling is necessary in following conditions:
1) Students get hurt by peers and teachers due to unkind
words spoken.
2) Forced learning in a difficult area.
3) Being set free from what learning looks like and being
allowed to rather discover that All life is learning.
53
Why De-Schooling ??

54. De-schooling Curriculum
De-schooling curriculum allow your children freedom and
space with no academic work to detox themselves of the
school system. There is no specific time frame.
54

55. -Sandra Dodd
“Stop thinking
schoolishly. Stop acting
teacherishly. Stop
talking about learning
as though it is separate
from life.”
55

56. Alternative learning mode
“De-schooling curriculum is a less-restricted scenario of
learning that focuses on being educated by one's natural
curiosities.”
• Getting out of the formal way of schooling.
• From a structured and authoritative way of learning to
unconventional, un-structured autonomous way of
learning
56De-schooling Curriculum

57. Alternative schools
• Travel-learn programs
• Work and apprenticeship program
• Volunteer service
• Informal study in the community
• Affective experiences
• Home schooling
• Basically this curriculum seeks to define
education as a personal act. 57

58. Strengths of
Strengths of De-schooling
Curriculum
58
•De-schooling curriculum offers freedom in so many areas .
•It is applicable to the students who have been kicked out of
the school
•It helps the child rediscover that learning is fun and can
happen in all activities.
•It promotes the natural and hidden abilities of a child
•Children’s interests can be followed and they work at their
own pace

59. Limitations of
De-schooling Curriculum
59
•De-schooling curriculum focuses on freedom and that
freedom can be misused by the child
•Not so good for professional life
•It does not focus on the social development on child
• It totally ignores academic work
•De-schooling curriculum does not promote team work

60. Conclusion
We have discussed the advantages and
disadvantages of different curriculum
patterns but proper implementation might
help keep the drawbacks to a minimum.
Better planning is necessary
60

61. ANY QUESTION ???
THANK YOU