Political issues in Pakistan

2. What is expected?
1. Turn off your mobile.
2. Raise your hand to ask a question.
3. Annotate your notes.

3. What is politics?
Here are some possible answers
• (1) Politics is about government.
• (2) Politics is about public affairs.
• (3) Politics is about compromise.
• (4) Politics is about power.

4. Intro: What is Politics?
 Politics is said to the art of government, in
order to get control within the society by means
of making and applying collective decisions.
Aristotle says, “Politics is the ‘master science’”.
Because it is the most important activity through
which human beings attempt to improve their
lives and create the Good Society.

5. • Politics came from the Latin word “Politicus” meaning “anything of the
state or belonging to the state”.
• It’s the science of government which has to do with the regulation,
protection and government of a nation or state.

6. Structure Of Federal
Government

7. Branches of
Federal
Government
Executive
Legislative
Judiciary

8. 1.Legislative Branch
• Elected representatives
President
(Head of State)
Parliament
(Majlis-e-shora)
Senate
(Upper House)
National Assembly
(Lower House)

9. Judicial Branch
Supreme Court High Courts
Federal Shariat
Court
Subordinate
Judiciary

10. 3. Executive Branch
• Administrative arm
of government
( nt)
Prime Minister
Chief Executive/Head of Government
Federal Cabinet
PM Secretariat
Cabinet Division
Establishment Division

11. Federal Cabinet
Ministries/Divisions
Attached
Departments
Autonomous
Bodies
Semi-Autonomous
Bodies

18. Political Instability
“History – Timeline"

20. Iskander Mirza
exploited the
differences between the
parties and thus made
Ismail an easy victim as
he remained Prime
Minister for only two
months and therefore
could not give any
practical shape to his
program.
After Ch. Muhammad Ali
resign in 1956.

21. PPP
won
1st General Election
Election Date: Oct, 1970
Total Seats: 300
Turnout: 63%
2nd General Election
Election Date: 7 Mar, 1977
Total Seats: 200
Turnout: 63%
PPP won but Marshal law was Imposed.

22. PML-N
won
PPP
won
PML-N
won
4th General Election
Total Seats: 237
Turnout: 43% 5th General
Election Total Seats: 237
Turnout: 45.5%
After Dead of Zai ul Haq.
PPP
won
After Farooq Leghari's
resignation in 1997
Farooq Leghari
02 Dec - Resign
President
6th General
Election
Total Seats: 237
Turnout: 41% 7th
General Election
Total Seats: 237
Turnout: 35%

23. PML-Q
Won but still Musharaf
was President
PPPP
won
8th General Election
Total Seats: 237
Turnout: 41% 9th
General Election
Total Seats: 342
Turnout: 63%

24. Political issues
• The term "political issues" refers to controversies debated within the political
system -- everything from divisive social issues such as abortion, to taxation
and government spending, foreign policy and free trade. In fact, political
issues encompass just about everything political leaders talk about in city
council meetings, state legislatures, parliaments and Congress

25. Taxation and Spending
• The issue of taxation and government spending -- how much the
government should collect in taxes, from whom, and how this money should
be spent -- is central to current Pakistan politics.
• It include government spending on education, jobs programs, anti-poverty
programs, infrastructure development, as well as debates over how best to
reform entitlement programs such as Social Security and Medicare.

26. Social Issues
• Perhaps the most divisive social issue in Pakistan is sectarianism.
• The social issues include the government's role in setting education
standards and in regulating the health-care system -- including the
controversial Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act

27. Domestic Issues
Other issues hotly debated in the Pakistan include the
• protections to minority
• to protect the environment from pollution and climate change and
• What steps, if any, the government should take to restrict the sale and
possession of dangerous weapons.

28. Issue Based Politics
• Personality vs. Issues = Personality wins!!!
• PAKISTAN is a nation desperately in need of heroes.
• Our politicians dissimulate, our cricketers disappoint, and
our celebrities self-destruct.
• Core issues were always neglected
• Non-existence of proactive policies to solve the basic
• problems
• Lack of responsibility showed by the political parties.

29. Feudalism
Garbage In = Garbage Out
• Majority of the Politicians belong to this
category
• Lack of Interaction with the common man
• Leads to lack of development in rural areas
• Absence of a complete constitution,
allowed the peoples with power to manipulate
the political and constitutional institution, as
they wanted.

30. Military Takeover
• An Ever Itching Palm
• Marshal law is a major factor of political
destabilization.
• It always leaves an uneven groundfor the
politicians.
• Sometime, It is war done in thename of
democracy against democracy.

31. Accountability
Selective or wholistic???
Accountability has always been biased throughout
the history
Independent NAB non-existent.
Pakistan is not going to change until every
man
inpower take responsibility for his action.
And Heavy regulation, poor security that creates an
unfavorable environment for foreign investment.

32. In Pakistan, Democracy or
the Dictatorship ???
From the inception of Pakistan, there has been the
conflictions between the military and civil leadership
For about 30 years in history, we have dictator
leadership.
As Musharraf once said,
“Democracy is an ineffective system for Pakistan as there are
no checks and balances in the system and to counter such
failures army has to act because people of Pakistan expected
too much good from military.”
But Pakistan is still a democratic country.

33. Zia-Ul-Haq
Ayub Khan
Pervez
Musharraf
Benazir
Bhutto Z.A Bhutto
Nawaz
Sharif Iskandar
Mirza Ghulam
Muhammad Asif Ali
Zardari
5.88 5.82 5.14
5.08
4.83
4.06
3.02
2.95
2.62
COMPARING DEMOCRAATIC AND DICTATORIAL RULE
ECONOMIC GROWTH UNDER DIFFERENT RULERS
* Highest GDP rate was observed on Dictator’s Rule.

34. Unemployment
  Lack of funds followed by unorganized system
and lack of new projects are causing
unemployment worldwide.
Unemployment is a major social problem caused by
poor economic system


35. Interests Of Political Parties, Politicians,
and Bureaucrats
• The political parties, politicians, bureaucrats used political power to protect their own
interests
• For example; During the time of elections, The voters believe in slogans, but the
politicians, bureaucracy only protect their own interests.

36. 23
Grabbing Others Rights
• The ‘elite’ get the most based on the number of shared values or attributes
they possess:
• Wealth
• Skill & knowledge
• Personality
• History
• Background or experience
• Attitude
Which gets them access to:
 People
 Information
 Resources

37. Lack of investment
Low tax collection by
Government
•Tax evasion - 90%+ of the people don't pay any
taxes
•Very high tax rate for those who do pay taxes
11

38. Terrorism
The annual death toll from terrorist attacks has risen from
164 in 2003 to 3318 in 2009, with a total of 35,000
Pakistanis killed between September 11, 2001 and May
2011.
According to the government of Pakistan, the direct and
indirect economic costs of terrorism from 2000–2010 total
$68 billion.
13

39.  30% of our country’s total population is leading
life below the poverty-line, in which the people
are deprived of basic necessities of life like
clothing, shelter, food, education and
medication, the children of these people will be
forced to become Labourers' or workers in order
to survive.
43
Poverty

40. Proxy War
• Behind instability of Pakistan politic there are some proxy war
factors;
• Liberation movement in Baluchistan
• Kashmir Issue
• Water Disputes with India
• Northern areas issues

41. Budget for Education
• Pakistan spent 2.7% of its GDP on Education
• Though 67 years have been passed and 23
policies and action plans have been
introduced yet the educational sector is waiting
for an arrival of a savior.
19

42. Corruption
• Corruption is the prime reason behind the
economical unstableness.
• Corruption has spread into the world and has
ruined the economy.
• Mostly members and president of politically
parties are involved in corruption
• Pakistan is ranked at 42nd number among the
most corrupt nations of the world.

43. ■ An educational policy is aa policy
initiative , a statement , a directive
or a document issues from time by
the government for the
development of education in the
country
■ First education conference was
held in Karachi in November 1947
■ Fist policy in the country was
presented in 1972-80
■ 1978
■ 1992
■ 1998
■ 2010
■ 2009

44. • In Pakistan education system it find that the dropout
of children was increased
• Reason for dropout of children's from school includes
1.high cost of schooling
2.lack of interest in study.
3.they were needed to work and
contribute to the family income

45. Political parties
• A political party is a political organization that typically seeks to attain and
maintain political power within government, usually by participating
in electoral campaigns
• Parties often promote an expressed ideology or vision bolstered by a
written platform with specific goals, forming a coalition among disparate
interests

46. Major Parties

47. o Political Party of Pakistan.
o Founded on Nov 30, 1967 by Z.ABhutto.
o Chairperson: Bilawal Bhutto
o Contest elections on the slogan of
"ROTI, KAPRA AURMAKAN".
Basic Principles of PPP:
o Islam is our Faith
o Democracy is our Politics
o Socialism is our Economy
o All Power to the People
o Won Election in 1970, 1977, 1988, 1993 , 2008.
Pakistan People Party

48. Pakistan Muslim League -
N
Famous Political Party of Pakistan.
Founded on 1993 by Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif
CHAIRIRPERSON:
Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif
Basic Principles of PML-N
Democracy is our Politics
Independent Judiciary and the Rule of Law.
Improvement in Education System
Industry and Trade (Economical Improvement)
Won Election in 1990, 1997 and 2013.

49. Pakistan Muslim League - Q
Political Party of Pakistan.
Founded on 2002 by Main Azhar
Chairperson:
Ch. Shujat Hussain
Basic Principles of PML-Q
Live and Let Live.
Tolerance and harmony.
Ensuring justice and freedom of expression.
Dignity of the common citizen
Protection and promotion of the rights of
Women.
Protection of the rights of minorities.
Won Election in 2002.

50. Muhajir Qaumi Movement
Founded on 1984 by Altaf Hussain.
In 1997, MQM became Muthidda Qaumi
Movement instead of Muhajir Qaumi Movement.
Chairperson:
Altaf Husain
Basic Principles of MQM
Improvement in Education
Reduce Poverty and Unemployment
Agricultural reforms
Healthcare system is a right of every Pakistani
regardless of his/her income level and social status.

51. PAKISTAN
TEHREEK-E-INSAF
Founded on 1996 by Imran Khan.
PTI is one of the three major political parties
ofPakistan, along with PPP and PML-N.
Motto : “Insaf, Insaniyat aur khud itmadi”
Chairperson:
Imran Khan
Basic Principles of PTI
Government with Merit.
Resources of the country belong to the people of thecountry and
will be used for their progress and development.
Primary Health care for the poor and elderly will be free.

52. Conclusion
Total 10 General Elections held in Pakistan:
o PPP won 5 times.
o PML-N won 3 times.
o PML-J won once.
o PML-Q won once.
Total 4 time Martial Law was imposed:
o 1st Marshal Law (M. Ayub Khan - 1958)
o 2nd Marshal Law (M. Yahya Khan - 1969)
o 3rd Marshal Law (M. Zia-ul-Haq - 1977)
o 4th Marshal Law (Pervez Musharaf - 1999)
Major Parties
o PML-N
o PTI
o PPP
Constitution of
Pakistan
o Constitution of 1956
o Constitution of 1962
o Constitution of 1973
Democracy vs.
Dictatorship