Deciduous and Evergreen Forests

1. Deciduous & Evergreen
Forest
Prepared by:
Biplab Sarmah
Tapan Moran
M. Sc. 1st Semester
Department of Environmental Science
Gauhati University

2. Forest
The forest is a complex ecosystem consisting
mainly of trees that buffer the earth and support a
myriad of life forms. The trees help create a special
environment which, in turn, affects the kinds of animals
and plants that can exist in the forest. Trees are an
important component of the environment. They clean the
air, cool it on hot days, conserve heat at night, and act as
excellent sound absorbers.

3. Types of forests
 Deciduous forest
 Evergreen forest
 Montane forest
 Thorn forest
 Alpine forest

4. Deciduous Forest
 Deciduous- Fall off at certain season
 Trees shed their leaves for 6 to 8 weeks in dry
season (during winter).
 They receive an annual rainfall of 70-200 cm
 Also known as monsoon forest

5. Climate
 Temperature. The average daily temperatures range between -
30°C and 30°C with a yearly average of 10°C .
 They experience four clearly defined seasons a year.
 Leaves changes color in autumn, fall off in winter and grow back
in spring.
Meghalaya Europe

6. Soil
 Soil is very fertile
 Great agricultural regions found here

7. Locations

8. Locations in India
 Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Chattishgarh, Odisha
and some other parts

9. Plants of deciduous forest
Samul Sal
Amla Oak Teak

10. Animals of deciduous forest
Bear
Squirrel
Deer Rabbit
Woodpeker

11. Types of deciduous forest
 Moist deciduous forest
 Dry deciduous forest

12. Moist deciduous forest
• They receive an annual rainfall of 100-200 cm
• They are found is the states of Jharkhand,
chattishgarh, parts of West Bengal, Odisha and
in the Andaman and Nicober Islands.
• The common species found are Teak, bamboo,
semul, sal etc.

13. Dry deciduous forest
 They are found where rainfall is between 70-100
cm.
 At ground level we find solid grass and climber
plants
 Found in the states of Punjab, Haryana, Uttar
Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh etc
 Some common plants – teak, bel, palas, sal etc

14. Temperate deciduous forest

17. Tropical deciduous forest

18. Plants of Tropical deciduous
forest

19. Animals of tropical deciduous forest
Elephants
Parrots
Deer
Tiger

20. Threats to deciduous forest
 Deforestation
 Acid rains
 Global warming
 Minnings

21. EVERGREEN
FOREST

22. Evergreen Forest
 An evergreen forest
is a forest made up
of evergreen trees.
They occur across a
wide range of
climatic zones, and
include trees such
as coniferous and
holly in cold
climates.
 Occurs in the region
near equator. Also
called Tropical
rainforests.
Pic: Evergreen Forest

23.  Tropical Evergreen
Forests are found in
the regions receiving
more than 200 cm of
rainfall.
 Hard wood trees like
rosewood, ebony,
mahogany etc. are
common.
Trees occasionally
attaining a girth of up
to 7 metres (23 ft) and
a height of up to 50
metres (160 ft).

28.  Four types : tropical, temperate, mediterranean and coniferous.
1) Tropical Evergreen Forests
→ found - area of Amazon Basin,
Western ghats, North-East India
→ climate - hot & wet
→ vegetation – dense forms canopy
(thus, sunlight can't reach the ground)
→ Tree: Selvos, Salix, Sal, nee, shisham
→ Animals: Elephants Monkeys,
Lemur, Deer, One-Horned Rhino,
Birds: Bats, Sloth, Scorpions, Snails
→ Nearly all amphibians & Reptiles
2) Temperate Evergreen Forests
→ found – Japan
→ climate - warm temperate
→ vegetation - less dense (but mixed type)
→ Trees – Walnut, birch, beech, poplar, elm.
→ Animals: Caribou, Elk, Beaver, Mountain Hare

29. Caribou
Elk
Beaver
Mountain hare

30. 3) Mediterranean Evergreen Forests
→ found - area of Mediterranean Sea
→ climate - hot dry & warm wet
→ vegetation - not dense
→ Tree – Oak
→ Animals: Barbary macaque, panda, alligator.
Barbary
macaque
Panda Alligator
4) Coniferous Evergreen
forests
→ found - between 50° to 70°
latitude.
→ Tree – Cedar, pine etc.
→ Animals: wolves, lynxes,
bears, moose, deer, reindeer &
Wolf
lynx

31. Benefits of Forests
1. induce rainfall.
2. Prevent soil erosion.
3. Home to a variety of fauna.
4. Timber
5. Gum, honey, fruits, nuts, herbs.
6. Fodder for animals.
7. Fuel for cooking and other purposes.
8. Rich in humus.
9. ‘Wind-breakers’
10. Forests absorb toxic gases and
release oxygen into the atmosphere.

33. Forest Products

38. THANK YOU