TOPICS INCLUDED IN THIS PRESENTATION
INTRODUCTION
WHY OPTICAL SENSORS ?
PRINCIPLE OF OPTICAL SENSORS
CLASSIFICATION AND COMPARISON
SOME INTERESTING APPLICATIONS
WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE ?
INTRODUCTION
NEW REVOLUTION OF OPTICAL FIBER SENSORS
IT IS A “SPIN-OFF” FROM OTHER OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES
SEEING THE POTENTIAL IN SENSING APPLICATIONS – DEVELOPED AS ITS OWN FIELD
WHY OPTICAL SENSORS
ELECTROMAGNETIC IMMUNITY
ELECTRICAL ISOLATION
COMPACT AND LIGHT
BOTH POINT AND DISTRIBUTED CONFIGURATION
WIDE DYNAMIC RANGE
AMENABLE TO MULTIPLEXING
Immutable Image-Based Operating Systems - EW2024.pdf
OPTICAL SENSORS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
1. 1
OPTICAL SENSORS AND
THEIR APPLICATIONS
PRESENTED BY
GAURAV PURI
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
SUNY AT BUFFALO
gapuri@buffalo.edu
2. 2
TOPICS INCLUDED IN THIS
PRESENTATION
INTRODUCTION
WHY OPTICAL SENSORS ?
PRINCIPLE OF OPTICAL SENSORS
CLASSIFICATION AND COMPARISON
SOME INTERESTING APPLICATIONS
WHERE DO WE GO FROM HERE ?
3. 3
INTRODUCTION
NEW REVOLUTION OF OPTICAL
FIBER SENSORS
IT IS A “SPIN-OFF” FROM OTHER
OPTICAL TECHNOLOGIES
SEEING THE POTENTIAL IN
SENSING APPLICATIONS –
DEVELOPED AS ITS OWN FIELD
4. 4
WHY OPTICAL SENSORS
ELECTROMAGNETIC IMMUNITY
ELECTRICAL ISOLATION
COMPACT AND LIGHT
BOTH POINT AND DISTRIBUTED
CONFIGURATION
WIDE DYNAMIC RANGE
AMENABLE TO MULTIPLEXING
5. 5
WORKING PRINCIPLE
• LIGHT BEAM CHANGES BY THE
PHENOMENA THAT IS BEING MEASURED
• LIGHT MAY CHANGE IN ITS FIVE OPTICAL
PROPERTIES i.e INTENSITY, PHASE,
POLARIZATION,WAVELENGTH AND
SPECTRAL DISTRIBUTION
6. 6
CLASSIFICATION
EXTRINSIC SENSORS
WHERE THE LIGHT LEAVES THE FEED OR
TRANSMITTING FIBER TO BE CHANGED BEFORE
IT CONTINUES TO THE DETECTOR BY MEANS
OF THE RETURN OR RECEIVING FIBER
7. 7
CLASSIFICATION (contd.)
INTRINSIC SENSORS
INTRINSIC SENSORS ARE DIFFERENT IN THAT THE
LIGHT BEAM DOES NOT LEAVE THE OPTICAL FIBER
BUT IS CHANGED WHILST STILL CONTAINED WITHIN IT.
8. 8
SENSOR TYPES
CHEMICAL SENSORS
REMOTE SPECTROSCOPY
GROUNDWATER AND SOIL CONTAMINATION
MAJOR PLAYERS IN CHEMICAL SENSORS
1) PHARMACIA BIOTECH (SWEDEN)
2) FIBERCHEM
3) THE QUANTUM GROUP
TEMPERATURE SENSORS
LARGEST COMMERCIALLY AVAILABLE SENSORS
RANGE -40 deg C TO 1000 deg C
US-SMALL COMPANIES, JAPAN- HITACHI n
SUMITOMO
9. 9
STRAIN SENSORS
FIBER BRAGG GRATINGS (FBG)
TECHNOLOGY
SENSES AS LITTLE AS 9 MICROSTRAIN
NRL and UNITED TECHNOLOGY
RESEARCH
BIOMEDICAL SENSORS
SPECTROSCOPIC BIOMEDICAL SENSORS
CO 2, O 2 and pH CAN BE MEASURED
SIMULTANEOUSLY
FLOW MONITORING BY LASER
DOPPLERIMETRY
10. 10
FIBERS – OPTHALMOLOGIC APPLICATION
ELECTRICAL AND MAGNETIC
SENSORS
APPEALING- INHERENT DIELECTRIC
NATURE
LESS SENSITIVE TO ELECTROMAGNETIC
INTERFERENCE
SMALL SIZE AND SAFER
THEY ARE ALMOST ALWAYS HYBRID
ABB CORPORATION RESEARCH CENTER
ROTATION SENSOR
BASED ON THE SAGNAC EFFECT
11. 11
TWO TYPES RING LASER GYROSCOPE
(RLG) AND FIBER OPTIC GYROSCOPE
(FOG)
US COMPANIES PURSUING HIGH
PERFORMANCE FOG’s (HONEYWELL,
LITTON, NORTHRUP, ALLIED SIGNAL etc.)
PRESSURE SENSORS
EARLIER BASED ON PIEZORESISTIVE
TECHNIQUE
BASED ON MOVABLE DIAPHRAGM
HIGH PERFORMANCE- (POLARIZATION
BASED SENSORS)
OPERATING PRESSURE RANGES FROM 0-
70,000 torr
12. 12
DISPLACEMENT AND POSITION
SENSORS
ONE OF THE FIRST OPTOELECTRONIC
SENSORS TO BE DEVELOPED.
SIMPLE SENSORS RELY ON THE CHANGE
IN RETROREFLECTANCE DUE TO A
PROXIMAL MIRROR SURFACE
ALSO REFERRED AS LIQUID LEVEL
SENSORS
13. 13
APPLICATIONS
MILITARY AND LAW ENFORCEMENT
THIS SENSOR ENABLES LOW LIGHT IMAGING AT TV FRAME
RATES AND ABOVE WITHOUT THE LIMITATIONS OF VACUM TUBE
BASED SYSTEMS.
14. 14
NIGHT VISION CAMERA (contd.)
COMPRISES OF :
AMPLIFIED CCD SENSOR
ANTI BLOOMING TECHNOLOGY
CRYSTAL POLYMER SHUTTER
ADVANTAGES :
EXCEPTIONAL DAY LIGHT RESOLN.
IMMUNE TO OVER EXPOSURE
VERY HIGH CONTARAST LEVELS
NO HALOING OR SCINTILLATIONS
15. 15
BIOMETRICS
YOUR FACE, FINGERS AND EYES IN A WHOLE
NEW LIGHT
• IMAGE CAPTURE
• IMAGE PROCESSING
• FEATURE EXTRACTION
• FEATURE COMPARISON
16. 16
CONCLUSIONS
LOOKING AT THE INDUSTRY TRENDS
IN THE PAST 2 DECADES AND THE
EXPONENTIAL CURVE IT SEEMS TO
ME THAT THERE IS GOING TO BE A
LOT OF RESEARCH AND
IMPROVEMENTS TO THE EXISTING
SENSORS
OPTICAL SENSORS ARE HERE TO
STAY !!!!