A brief discussion of abnormal psychology....

2. CONTENTS
 Abnormal Psychology
 Abnormal Behavior
 Historical Background
 Perspectives
 Biological perspective
 Psychological perspective
 Sociocultural perspective
 Bio psychosocial perspective

3.  Types of Disorders
 Methods of Treatment
 Psychotherapy
 Biomedical Therapies
 Hospitalization & Community-Based Care
 Anxiety Disorders  Delusional Disorders
 Mood disorders  Substance Use Disorders
 Personality Disorders  Somatoform Disorders
 Schizophrenia  Dissociative Disorders

4. ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY
Abnormal psychology is the branch of psychology that studies
unusual patterns of behavior, emotion and thought, which
may or may not be understood as precipitating a mental
disorder. Although many behaviors could be considered as
abnormal, this branch of psychology generally deals with
behavior in a clinical context.

5. ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
 Unusual or infrequent
 Socially unacceptable or in violation of social norms
 Fraught with misperceptions or misinterpretations of reality
 Associated with states of severe personal distress
 Maladaptive or self defeating
 Dangerous

6. HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
 Ancient societies attributed abnormal behavior to divine or
supernatural forces.
 Exorcists were used to rid people who behaved abnormally.
 Greek physicians Hippocrates and Galen believed that
abnormal behavior reflected natural causes.

7.  Asylums or “madhouses” began to crop up throughout
Europe in the late 15th century and early 16th century.
 Griesinger, along with another German physician Emil
Kraepin, was in influential in the development of the
modern medical model.
In the 19th Century, German physician Wilhelm
Griesinger argued that abnormal behavior was caused
by diseases of the brain

8. PERSPECTIVES ON
ABNORMAL BEHAVIOR
 The Biological Perspective
 biological perspective incorporate the medical
model but refer more broadly to approaches that
relate abnormal behavior to biological process
and apply biologically based treatments.
 The Psychological Perspective
 Psychodynamic Models
 Learning Theory
 Humanists Theory
 Cognitive Theory

9.  Sociocultural Perspective
 Theorists believe that abnormal behavior is rooted in social ills,
such as poverty, discrimination, and social stressors, not in
individuals.
 Bio psychosocial Perspective
 The leading interactionist models, the diathesis-stress model,
posits that some people have predispositions(diathesis) for
particular disorders, but whether these disorders actually
develop depends upon the type and severity of the stressors
they experience.

10. TYPES OF DISORDERS
Anxiety disorders
Mood disorders
Personality disorders
Schizophrenia
Delusional disorders
Substance use disorders
Somatoform disorders
Dissociative disorders

11. ANXIETY DISORDERS
 People with anxiety disorders feel an abnormal amount from
common things.
 In all types of anxiety disorders, anxiety is the main symptoms.
TYPES OF ANXIETY DISORDERS
 Generalized anxiety
 Phobias
 Obsessive-compulsive disorders
 Post traumatic stress disorders

12. MOOD DISORDERS
 Disturbances of normal mood
 Also known as affective disorders
TYPES OF MOOD DISORDERS
 Bipolar disorders(manic depression)
 Depressive disorders

13. PERSONALITY DISORDERS
A person with a personality disorder.
Uses improper and immature ways to deal with
problems or situations.
Does not feel like they are doing anything wrong.
Thus do not want to change their behavior.

14. SCHIZOPHRENIA
 A mental disorder characterized by a disintegration of thought
processes and of emotional responsiveness.
 Schizophrenic patient may experience hallucinations delusions.
Such as;
 Persecutory Delusions
 Delusions of Reference

15. DELUSIONAL DISORDER
 Uncommon psychiatric condition in which patients present with
circumscribed symptoms of non-bizarre delusions.
 Patient believes that he is the greatest,strongest,fastest,most intelligent
person ever.
Symptoms
 Patient expresses an idea or belief with unusual persistence.
 The individual tends to be humorless & oversensitive, especially about
belief.

16. SUBSTANCE-USE DISORDER
 Include substance abuse & substance dependence.
 Refers to the overindulgence in & dependence of a drug/chemical.
 It is characterized by a pattern of continued pathological use of a
medication, non medically indicated drug/toxin.
Causes
 Failure to meet work
 Family
 School obligations
 Interpersonal conflicts/Legal problems

17. SOMATOFORM DISORDER
 A category of mental illness that causes one or more bodily
symptoms including pain.
Symptoms
 Pain
 Neurologic problems
 Gastrointestinal complaints
 Sexual symptoms

18. DISSOCIATIVE DISORDERS
 Characterized by a disruption in the normal functioning of
consciousness, identity, memory or the world around us.
 Can be acute or chronic.
Types
 Dissociative fugue
 Dissociative amnesia
 Depersonalization disorders

19. METHODS OF TREATMENT
 PSYCHOTHERAPY
 Involves a systematic interaction between therapists & clients that
incorporate psychological principles to help clients overcome
abnormal behavior, solve problems in living or develop as individuals.
 Behavior Therapy
 Humanistic Approaches
 Technical Eclecticism
 Group Therapy

20.  BIOMEDICAL THERAPIES
 Biological approaches include Drug therapy,
Electroconvulsive shock therapy(ECT) & Psychosurgery.
 HOSPITALIZATION & COMMUNITY-BASED CARE
 The mental hospital provides a structured treatment
environment for people in acute crisis & for those who
are unable to adapt to community living. The mental
hospital today aims to restore patients to community
functioning & incorporates treatment approaches such as
biological therapies, psychotherapies, structured living
environments & drug/alcohol rehabilitation.